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Speeding up the Discrete Cosine Transform Through Custom Operations and Fixed-Point Arithmetic

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 268 - 278

Latif Akçay , Mustafa Alptekin Engin

Abstract

Digital signal processing applications are becoming increasingly important because modern systems work with much larger amounts of data than before. The Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), used in almost all multimedia compression methods, creates a significant computational load especially in resource-constrained embedded systems. This study proposes four custom operations compatible with Transport-Triggered Architecture (TTA). To enhance computational efficiency and avoid floating-point overhead, fixed-point arithmetic is used. To analyse the effect of the proposed operations, different Application-Specific Instruction Set Processor (ASIP) configurations were created on a general-purpose processor architecture. Performance analyses show that speedups between 2x and 3.5x are achieved. In addition, the developed processor models have been implemented in hardware. FPGA synthesis results indicate a reasonable increase in chip area, showing that the proposed solutions could be an efficient alternative, particularly for limited-resource embedded systems.

Keywords

Discrete Cosine Transform Efficient processor design Signal processing Transport-Triggered Architecture Application-specific processor design

Ethical Statement

This study does not require ethics committee permission or any special permission.

Supporting Institution

Bayburt University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit

Project Number

2023/69002-01

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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Image Processing, Digital Processor Architectures
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Latif Akçay 0000-0003-2580-2643

Mustafa Alptekin Engin 0000-0003-3399-9343

Project Number 2023/69002-01
Early Pub Date October 10, 2025
Publication Date October 10, 2025
Submission Date June 2, 2025
Acceptance Date July 31, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Akçay, L., & Engin, M. A. (2025). Speeding up the Discrete Cosine Transform Through Custom Operations and Fixed-Point Arithmetic. Journal of Innovative Science and Engineering, 9(2), 268-278. https://doi.org/10.38088/jise.1712080
AMA Akçay L, Engin MA. Speeding up the Discrete Cosine Transform Through Custom Operations and Fixed-Point Arithmetic. JISE. October 2025;9(2):268-278. doi:10.38088/jise.1712080
Chicago Akçay, Latif, and Mustafa Alptekin Engin. “Speeding up the Discrete Cosine Transform Through Custom Operations and Fixed-Point Arithmetic”. Journal of Innovative Science and Engineering 9, no. 2 (October 2025): 268-78. https://doi.org/10.38088/jise.1712080.
EndNote Akçay L, Engin MA (October 1, 2025) Speeding up the Discrete Cosine Transform Through Custom Operations and Fixed-Point Arithmetic. Journal of Innovative Science and Engineering 9 2 268–278.
IEEE L. Akçay and M. A. Engin, “Speeding up the Discrete Cosine Transform Through Custom Operations and Fixed-Point Arithmetic”, JISE, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 268–278, 2025, doi: 10.38088/jise.1712080.
ISNAD Akçay, Latif - Engin, Mustafa Alptekin. “Speeding up the Discrete Cosine Transform Through Custom Operations and Fixed-Point Arithmetic”. Journal of Innovative Science and Engineering 9/2 (October2025), 268-278. https://doi.org/10.38088/jise.1712080.
JAMA Akçay L, Engin MA. Speeding up the Discrete Cosine Transform Through Custom Operations and Fixed-Point Arithmetic. JISE. 2025;9:268–278.
MLA Akçay, Latif and Mustafa Alptekin Engin. “Speeding up the Discrete Cosine Transform Through Custom Operations and Fixed-Point Arithmetic”. Journal of Innovative Science and Engineering, vol. 9, no. 2, 2025, pp. 268-7, doi:10.38088/jise.1712080.
Vancouver Akçay L, Engin MA. Speeding up the Discrete Cosine Transform Through Custom Operations and Fixed-Point Arithmetic. JISE. 2025;9(2):268-7.
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