Research Article
Year 2023,
Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 48 - 59, 21.06.2023
Abstract
References
- Akkaya, Y., Bayramov, F., and Taşdemir, M.A. (2003). Betonun kırılma mekaniği: tasarımda kullanılan mekanik özellikler ile kırılma parametreleri arasındaki bağıntılar. Türkiye Mühendis Haberleri; 426, 70–5.
- Baghabra Al-Amoudi, OS., Al-Kutti, WA., Ahmad, S., and Maslehuddin, M. (2009). Correlation between compressive strength and certain durability indices of plain and blended cement concretes. Cem Concr Compos 2009;31:672–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.05.005.
- Onaran, K. (2000). Malzeme Bilimi, Bilim Teknik Yayınevi, İstanbul, 244–55 (8).
- Sümer, M. (1994). Harçlarda Kılcal ve Basınçlı Su Altındaki Geçirimsizliğin Su-Çimento Oranı ile Değişimi, İMO Tek Dergi, 743–53.
- Özalp, F. (2016). Kür Koşulları ve Yalıtımın Yüksek Dayanımlı Betonların Geçirimlilik, İç-Yapı ve Mekanik Özeliklerine Etkileri. Phd Thesis. İTÜ, İstanbul.
- Singh, SB., Munjal, P., and Thammishetti, N. (2015). Role of water/cement ratio on strength development of cement mortar. J Build Eng, 4:94–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2015.09.003.
- Ahmad, O.A., (2017). Production of High-Performance Silica Fume Concrete. Am J Appl Sci, 14:1031.1038. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2017.1031.1038.
- Detwiler, R.J., and Mehta, P.K. (1989). Chemical and Physical Effects of Silica Fume on the Mechanical Behavior of Co8ncrete. Mater J, 86:609–14. https://doi.org/10.14359/2281.
- Yeau, K.Y., and Kim, E.K. (2005). An experimental study on corrosion resistance of concrete with ground granulate blast-furnace slag. Cem Concr Res, 1391–9 (35). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.11.010.
- American Concrete Institute, editor. (2010). Report on chemical admixtures for concrete. 1. Print. Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute.
- Bilir Özhan, H., and Yildirim, M. (2020) Bakterili Betonun Asit ve Yüksek Sıcaklık Etkisine Karşı Dayanımı. Uludağ Univ J Fac Eng , 1421–30. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.816087.
- Riding, K.A., Tibbetts, C.M.,and Ferraro, C.C. (2020) Testing Methods to Assess the Durability of Concrete Permeability Reducing Admixtures. University of Florida. Dept. of Civil and Coastal Engineering.
- Teng, L.W., Lin, W.T., Chen, J., and Cheng, A., Hsu, H.M. (2014). The Component Analysis of Penetration Sealer Materials. Adv Mater Res, 842:74–7. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.842.74.
- Yu, Y., Yu, J., and Ge, Y. (2016). Water and chloride permeability research on ordinary cement mortar and concrete with compound admixture and fly ash. Constr Build Mater, 127:556–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.09.103.
- ACI Committee 212, (2016) American Concrete Institute. Report on chemical admixtures for concrete.
- Vessalas, K., Sirivivatnanon, V., and Baweja, D. Influence of Permeability-Reducing Admixtures on Water Penetration in Concrete. ACI Mater J, 114. https://doi.org/10.14359/51701002.
- Khatib, J.M., and Clay, R.M. (2004). Absorption characteristics of metakaolin concrete. Cem Concr Res, 34:19–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00188-1.
- Akyol, K. (2008). Su Yalıtımı ve Su Geçirimsizlik Katkı Oranlarının Beton Su Emmesine ve Basınç Dayanımına Etkilerinin Araştırılması. Master Thesis. Sakarya University, Sakarya.
- TS EN 197-1 / A3. (2012) Cement - Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements. Ankara
- TS 802. (2016). Design Concrete Mixes. Ankara.
- TS EN 12350-2. (2019). Testing fresh concrete - Part 2: Slump test. Ankara.
- TS EN 12390-3. (2019). Testing hardened concrete - Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens. Ankara.
- TS EN 12390-8, (2019). Testing hardened concrete - Part 8: Depth of penetration of water under pressure. Ankara.
- Halamickova, P., Detwiler, R. J., Bentz, D. P., and Garboczi, E. J. (1995). Water permeability and chloride ion diffusion in Portland cement mortars: relationship to sand content and critical pore diameter. Cement and concrete research, 25(4), 790-802.
- Azarsa, P., Gupta, R., and Biparva, A. (2018). Crystalline waterproofing admixtures effects on self-healing and permeability of concrete. In Proceedings of the International Conference on New Horizons in Green Civil Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada (pp. 25-27).
- Hassani Esgandani, M. (2017). Role of binder, permeability-reducing admixtures and cracking in the watertightness of concrete structures (Doctoral dissertation). University of Technology Sydney.
- Roig-Flores, M., Moscato, S., Serna, P., and Ferrara, L. (2015). Self-healing capability of concrete with crystalline admixtures in different environments. Construction and Building Materials, 86, 1-11.
Year 2023,
Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 48 - 59, 21.06.2023
Abstract
Concrete is the most common building material used worldwide. Significantly high strength values have been achieved owing to developing material technology. Besides compressive strength, durability properties should also be taken into consideration since concrete is exposed to several external effects throughout its service life. Durability properties are mainly associated with the voids in the internal structure and surface of concrete. Even if not exposed to any external effects, concrete contains several pores and micro-cracks. These pores and cracks enlarge with the influence of external effects, and new cracks are developed. Therefore, various methods are used to prevent the permeability of harmful liquids and gases into concrete structures. In this study, permeability-reducing admixtures (PRAs) and various cement dosages were used to produce concrete mixtures. The main purpose is to examine the interaction of these additives with the cement dosage. Workability, compressive strength, and depth of water penetration under pressure tests were conducted to observe the effect of PRA on these parameters. The admixture crystallized in the internal structure of the concrete and created a fuller volume. While the compressive strength increased as a result of the crystallized product, the depth of water penetration decreased. Slump tests revealed that the additive was compatible with all cement dosages, and it did not significantly affect the workability properties of the concrete. Expectedly, the compressive strength increased as the cement dosage increased, while the positive effect of the PRA additive gradually decreased. The PRA additive also contributed to the decrease in the depth of water penetration, but its impact decreased as the cement dosage increased. It was concluded based on present findings that PRA additive, which is the most effective at the lowest cement dosage, increased the compressive strength values by 9.44% at this dosage and decreased the depth of water penetration under pressure by 26.09%.
References
- Akkaya, Y., Bayramov, F., and Taşdemir, M.A. (2003). Betonun kırılma mekaniği: tasarımda kullanılan mekanik özellikler ile kırılma parametreleri arasındaki bağıntılar. Türkiye Mühendis Haberleri; 426, 70–5.
- Baghabra Al-Amoudi, OS., Al-Kutti, WA., Ahmad, S., and Maslehuddin, M. (2009). Correlation between compressive strength and certain durability indices of plain and blended cement concretes. Cem Concr Compos 2009;31:672–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.05.005.
- Onaran, K. (2000). Malzeme Bilimi, Bilim Teknik Yayınevi, İstanbul, 244–55 (8).
- Sümer, M. (1994). Harçlarda Kılcal ve Basınçlı Su Altındaki Geçirimsizliğin Su-Çimento Oranı ile Değişimi, İMO Tek Dergi, 743–53.
- Özalp, F. (2016). Kür Koşulları ve Yalıtımın Yüksek Dayanımlı Betonların Geçirimlilik, İç-Yapı ve Mekanik Özeliklerine Etkileri. Phd Thesis. İTÜ, İstanbul.
- Singh, SB., Munjal, P., and Thammishetti, N. (2015). Role of water/cement ratio on strength development of cement mortar. J Build Eng, 4:94–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2015.09.003.
- Ahmad, O.A., (2017). Production of High-Performance Silica Fume Concrete. Am J Appl Sci, 14:1031.1038. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2017.1031.1038.
- Detwiler, R.J., and Mehta, P.K. (1989). Chemical and Physical Effects of Silica Fume on the Mechanical Behavior of Co8ncrete. Mater J, 86:609–14. https://doi.org/10.14359/2281.
- Yeau, K.Y., and Kim, E.K. (2005). An experimental study on corrosion resistance of concrete with ground granulate blast-furnace slag. Cem Concr Res, 1391–9 (35). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.11.010.
- American Concrete Institute, editor. (2010). Report on chemical admixtures for concrete. 1. Print. Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute.
- Bilir Özhan, H., and Yildirim, M. (2020) Bakterili Betonun Asit ve Yüksek Sıcaklık Etkisine Karşı Dayanımı. Uludağ Univ J Fac Eng , 1421–30. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.816087.
- Riding, K.A., Tibbetts, C.M.,and Ferraro, C.C. (2020) Testing Methods to Assess the Durability of Concrete Permeability Reducing Admixtures. University of Florida. Dept. of Civil and Coastal Engineering.
- Teng, L.W., Lin, W.T., Chen, J., and Cheng, A., Hsu, H.M. (2014). The Component Analysis of Penetration Sealer Materials. Adv Mater Res, 842:74–7. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.842.74.
- Yu, Y., Yu, J., and Ge, Y. (2016). Water and chloride permeability research on ordinary cement mortar and concrete with compound admixture and fly ash. Constr Build Mater, 127:556–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.09.103.
- ACI Committee 212, (2016) American Concrete Institute. Report on chemical admixtures for concrete.
- Vessalas, K., Sirivivatnanon, V., and Baweja, D. Influence of Permeability-Reducing Admixtures on Water Penetration in Concrete. ACI Mater J, 114. https://doi.org/10.14359/51701002.
- Khatib, J.M., and Clay, R.M. (2004). Absorption characteristics of metakaolin concrete. Cem Concr Res, 34:19–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00188-1.
- Akyol, K. (2008). Su Yalıtımı ve Su Geçirimsizlik Katkı Oranlarının Beton Su Emmesine ve Basınç Dayanımına Etkilerinin Araştırılması. Master Thesis. Sakarya University, Sakarya.
- TS EN 197-1 / A3. (2012) Cement - Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements. Ankara
- TS 802. (2016). Design Concrete Mixes. Ankara.
- TS EN 12350-2. (2019). Testing fresh concrete - Part 2: Slump test. Ankara.
- TS EN 12390-3. (2019). Testing hardened concrete - Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens. Ankara.
- TS EN 12390-8, (2019). Testing hardened concrete - Part 8: Depth of penetration of water under pressure. Ankara.
- Halamickova, P., Detwiler, R. J., Bentz, D. P., and Garboczi, E. J. (1995). Water permeability and chloride ion diffusion in Portland cement mortars: relationship to sand content and critical pore diameter. Cement and concrete research, 25(4), 790-802.
- Azarsa, P., Gupta, R., and Biparva, A. (2018). Crystalline waterproofing admixtures effects on self-healing and permeability of concrete. In Proceedings of the International Conference on New Horizons in Green Civil Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada (pp. 25-27).
- Hassani Esgandani, M. (2017). Role of binder, permeability-reducing admixtures and cracking in the watertightness of concrete structures (Doctoral dissertation). University of Technology Sydney.
- Roig-Flores, M., Moscato, S., Serna, P., and Ferrara, L. (2015). Self-healing capability of concrete with crystalline admixtures in different environments. Construction and Building Materials, 86, 1-11.
There are 27 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Engineering |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | May 8, 2023 |
| Publication Date | June 21, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023Volume: 7 Issue: 1 |
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