Abstract
In this experimental study, the rheological properties of Sodium Silicate Formamide mixtures were investigated in order to determine the usability of Sodium Silicate-Formamide mixtures as grout material. While determining the rheological properties, the effect of sodium silicate percentage and ambient temperature were part icularly taken into account. Experiments were started with the determination of the gelling t imes. Gelling times observed to be between 352 and 1650 minutes at +15 ° C, between 94 and 721 minutes at +25 ° C and between 26 and 648 minutes at +35 ° C. The gelling times decreased as the sodium silicate percentage and temperature increased. After the determination of the gelling times, the viscosity values of the mixtures were determined. Viscosity values were observed to be between 1.98 and 11.8 cP (centipoise) at +15 ° C, between 1.42 and 9.51 cP (centipoise) at +25 ° C and between 1. 23 (centipoise) and 8.48 cP (centipoise) at +35 ° C. W ith an increas e in the percentage of sodium s ilicate, the vis cosity values increased, while the temperature increased, the viscosity values decreased. Finally, experiments on syneresis percentage determination were carried out. At the end of 720th day, the percentages of syneresis were found to be between 1. 47% and 22.4% at +15 ° C, between 2. 98% and 23.7% at +25 ° C and between 3.9% and 24.8% at +35 ° C. In mixtures, syneresis after gelling increased in t ime and this increase slowed down after the 18th day. The percentage of syneresis increased up to the ratio of 50% sodium silicate with the increase in sodium silicate ratio, after which the percentage of syneresis decreased with the increase of sodium silicate ratio. In addition, the percentage of syneresis increased with the increase in temperature. Experimental studies have shown that sodium silicate-formamide mixtures show good rheological properties and an alternative grouting material.
References
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- [9] Maher, M.H., Ro, K.S. (1994). High strain dynamic modulus and damping of chemically grouted sand, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 13(2): 131-138.
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- [13] Porcino, P., Marcianò, V., Granatab, R. (2012). Static and dynamic properties of a lightly cemented silicate-grouted sand, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 49(10): 1117-1133.
- [14] Porcino, D., Ghionna , V.N., Granata, R., and Marcianò, V. (2015). Laboratory determination of mechanical and hydraulic properties of chemically grouted sands, Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 11(2): 164-175.
Abstract
References
- [1] Goodman, L.J., Karol, R.H. (1968). Theory and Practice of Foundation Engineering, Macmillan, New York, 1sth Edition, 384 p., ISBN-10: 0023448008.
- [2] U.S. Department of the Interior (1984). Policy Statement for Grouting. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colorado, , 1sth Edition, 65 p.
- [3] Committee on Grouting (1980). Preliminary glossary of terms related to grouting, J. Geotech. Eng. Div. ASCE, 106(7): 803–805.
- [4] EM 1110-3500 (1995). Chemical Grouting, US Army Corps of Engineers, Washington DC, 34 p. [5] Karol, R.H. (2003). Chemical Grouting and Soil Stabilization, New Jersey, Marcel Dekker Inc, 3rd Edition, 584 p., ISBN-10: 0824740653.
- [6] Clifton, W. (1986). Chemical grouts for potential use in bureau of reclamation projects, Denver, U.S.Dept. of the Interior-Bureau of Reclamation, 1sth Edition, 48 p.
- [7] Vipulanandan, C., Krizek, R.J. (1986). Mechanical Behavior of Chemically Grouted Sand, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 112(9): 869-887.
- [8] Christopher, B.R., Atmatzidis, D.K., Krizek, R.J. (1989). Laboratory testing of chemically grouted sand, Geotechnical Testing Journal, 12(2): 109-118.
- [9] Maher, M.H., Ro, K.S. (1994). High strain dynamic modulus and damping of chemically grouted sand, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 13(2): 131-138.
- [10] Ata, A., Vipulanandan, C. (1998). Cohesive and Adhesive Properties of Silicate Grout on Grouted-Sand Behavior, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 124(1): 38-44.
- [11] Gonzalez, H., Vipulanandan, C. (2007). Behavior of a Sodium Silicate Grouted Sand, Proc., Grouting for Ground Improvement: Innovative Concepts and Applications, ASCE, Colorado, USA, 18-21 February 2007, pp. 1-10
- [12] Hassanlourad, M., Salehzadeh, H., Shahnazari, H. (2010). Undrained triaxial shear behavior of grouted carbonate sands, International Journal of Civil Engineering, 9(4): 307-314.
- [13] Porcino, P., Marcianò, V., Granatab, R. (2012). Static and dynamic properties of a lightly cemented silicate-grouted sand, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 49(10): 1117-1133.
- [14] Porcino, D., Ghionna , V.N., Granata, R., and Marcianò, V. (2015). Laboratory determination of mechanical and hydraulic properties of chemically grouted sands, Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 11(2): 164-175.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 26, 2017 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2017Volume: 1 Issue: 1 |
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