Öz
Kaynakça
- Balina, PK, Sharma SK, Rana MK. Diversity, abundance and pollination efficiency of native bee pollinators of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) in India. Journal of Apicultural Research, 2012;51(3):227-231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3896/IBRA.1.51.3.02
- Bisui, S, Layek U. Utilization of Indian dammar bee (Tetragonula iridipennis Smith) as a pollinator of bitter gourd. Acta Agrobotanica 2020;73 (1). http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.7316
- Delaplane, KS, Mayer DR, Mayer DF. Crop pollination by bees: Cabi, 2000
- Deyto, RC, Cervancia CR. Floral biology and pollination of Ampalaya (Momordica charantia L.)."Philippine Agricultural Scientist, 2009;92 (1):8-18
- Jeffrey, C. A review of the Cucurbitaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 1980;81 (3):233-247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1980.tb01676.x
- Lintu, Amirtha, Paul. Foraging behaviour of Tetragonula iridipennis (smith) in cucumber under protected cultivation. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 2020;18 (12)
- Nepi, M, Pacini E. Pollination, pollen viability and pistil receptivity in Cucurbita pepo. Annals of Botany, 1993;72(6):527-536. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1993.1141
- Palada, M, Chang L. Suggested cultural practices for bitter gourd." Bangkok: The World Vegetable Centre (AVRDC). 2003, Available online at: http://avrdc. org/LC/cucurbits/bittergourd. pdf
- Shan, B, Xie J-H, Zhu J-H, Peng Y. Ethanol modified supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of flavonoids from Momordica charantia L. and its antioxidant activity. Food and Bioproducts Processing 2012;90 (3):579-587
- Shrivastava, U. Insect pollination in some cucurbits." VI International Symposium on Pollination 288
- Megha V, M, Saravanan PA, Srinivasan MR. 2018. "Effect of Season and Timings on the Foraging Behaviour of Stingless Bee, Tetragonula iridipennis Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Madras Agricultural Journal, 1990;105(7-9):286-290. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/MAJ.2018.000147
- Vijayakumar R, Behera TK, Munshi AD, Kumar D, Jat GS, Boopala KG, Neetu S. Pollen viability and in vitro pollen germination studies in Momordica species and their intra and interspecific hybirds. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2018;6 (6): 32-40
- Walters, TW, Decker-Walters DS. Balsam-pear (Momordica charantia, Cucurbitaceae). Economic Botany, 1988;42 (2):286-288
- Yogapriya, A, Usharani B, Suresh K, Vellaikumar S, Chinniah C. Foraging Behaviour of Major Pollinators in Bitter Gourd. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci, 2019a;8(6):947-954. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.806.114
- Yogapriya, A, Usharani B, Suresh K, Vellaikumar S, Chinniah C. Diversity of floral visitors in bitter gourd in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu."Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci, 2019b;81(4):805-810. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8172.2019.00165.2
Öz
An experiment is conducted in bitter gourd cropping system at Coimbatore district in India, to study bitter gourd floral character, the foraging ecology of native pollinators and their modes of pollination. Bitter gourd is a monoecious plant bears separate male and female flowers. Male flower blooms early followed by female flowers. Stigma receptivity of pistillate flowers was confirmed on 4th day old flower showed yellowish-green stigma with shining stigmatic exudation. The stigma receptivity lasts up to 24 hours after anthesis. Pollen viability test done with 2 per cent acetocarmine solution indicated that pollen collected during morning hours (06:00 h) were more viable and were deeply stained, whereas pollens collected at evening hours (17:00 h) remained unstained and considered as nonviable. The foraging activities of Apis cerana indica Fabricius and Tetragonula iridipennis begin at 06:00 h and 06:30 h respectively and ceased by evening 17:00 h. T. iridipennis foragers spent more time in pollen collection (31.1 seconds/ flower) and nectar collection (26.14 seconds/ flower) whereas, A. cerana indica spent less time in pollen collection (8.62 seconds/ flowers) and nectar collection (3.56 seconds/ flower) respectively. A total of 17 pollinator species belongs to four orders viz., Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera and Coleoptera have been documented and grouped based on their mode of foraging in bitter gourd flowers.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Balina, PK, Sharma SK, Rana MK. Diversity, abundance and pollination efficiency of native bee pollinators of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) in India. Journal of Apicultural Research, 2012;51(3):227-231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3896/IBRA.1.51.3.02
- Bisui, S, Layek U. Utilization of Indian dammar bee (Tetragonula iridipennis Smith) as a pollinator of bitter gourd. Acta Agrobotanica 2020;73 (1). http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.7316
- Delaplane, KS, Mayer DR, Mayer DF. Crop pollination by bees: Cabi, 2000
- Deyto, RC, Cervancia CR. Floral biology and pollination of Ampalaya (Momordica charantia L.)."Philippine Agricultural Scientist, 2009;92 (1):8-18
- Jeffrey, C. A review of the Cucurbitaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 1980;81 (3):233-247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1980.tb01676.x
- Lintu, Amirtha, Paul. Foraging behaviour of Tetragonula iridipennis (smith) in cucumber under protected cultivation. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 2020;18 (12)
- Nepi, M, Pacini E. Pollination, pollen viability and pistil receptivity in Cucurbita pepo. Annals of Botany, 1993;72(6):527-536. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1993.1141
- Palada, M, Chang L. Suggested cultural practices for bitter gourd." Bangkok: The World Vegetable Centre (AVRDC). 2003, Available online at: http://avrdc. org/LC/cucurbits/bittergourd. pdf
- Shan, B, Xie J-H, Zhu J-H, Peng Y. Ethanol modified supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of flavonoids from Momordica charantia L. and its antioxidant activity. Food and Bioproducts Processing 2012;90 (3):579-587
- Shrivastava, U. Insect pollination in some cucurbits." VI International Symposium on Pollination 288
- Megha V, M, Saravanan PA, Srinivasan MR. 2018. "Effect of Season and Timings on the Foraging Behaviour of Stingless Bee, Tetragonula iridipennis Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Madras Agricultural Journal, 1990;105(7-9):286-290. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/MAJ.2018.000147
- Vijayakumar R, Behera TK, Munshi AD, Kumar D, Jat GS, Boopala KG, Neetu S. Pollen viability and in vitro pollen germination studies in Momordica species and their intra and interspecific hybirds. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2018;6 (6): 32-40
- Walters, TW, Decker-Walters DS. Balsam-pear (Momordica charantia, Cucurbitaceae). Economic Botany, 1988;42 (2):286-288
- Yogapriya, A, Usharani B, Suresh K, Vellaikumar S, Chinniah C. Foraging Behaviour of Major Pollinators in Bitter Gourd. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci, 2019a;8(6):947-954. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.806.114
- Yogapriya, A, Usharani B, Suresh K, Vellaikumar S, Chinniah C. Diversity of floral visitors in bitter gourd in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu."Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci, 2019b;81(4):805-810. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8172.2019.00165.2
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Arı ve İpek Böceği Yetiştiriciliği ve Islahı |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 15 Kasım 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 19 Kasım 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 30 Ağustos 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2 |
Önemli Not: Dergimizde yazar-hakem bilgileri iki taraflı gizli tutulduğundan hem yazar ve hem de hakemlerin belgeyi incele kısmında kişisel bilgilerini kaldırdıktan sonra belgeyi sisteme yüklemesi gerekmektedir.
Akademik teşvik kapsamında makale bilgilerininin kopyalanmasının sorun olması durumunda dergimizin ana web sayfasının kullanılması bilgilerinize sunulur.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International.