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YENİ MEDYA SİSTEMİNDE MEDENİYETİN DÖNÜŞÜMÜ VE “TEKNO-MEDENİYET” İLİŞKİSİ: KÜRESEL TEKNOLOJİ ŞİRKETLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ANALİZ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4, 1058 - 1077, 01.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1321576

Öz

HAKEM ATAMASI: YENİ MEDYA, İLETİŞİM ÇALIŞMALARI VE MEDYA TEKNOLOJİLERİ

YENİ MEDYA SİSTEMİNDE MEDENİYETİN DÖNÜŞÜMÜ VE “TEKNO-MEDENİYET” İLİŞKİSİ: KÜRESEL TEKNOLOJİ ŞİRKETLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ANALİZ

ÖZ
Yeni medya sistemi, geleneksel medyanın yerini alan dijital teknolojilerin gelişimiyle ortaya çıkan etkileşimli bir dönüşümü ifade eder. İnternet, sosyal medya, akıllı telefonlar ve diğer dijital platformlar, haberlere erişim, iletişim, eğlence ve bilgi paylaşımı gibi alanlarda yeni bir ortam yaratmıştır. Bu gelişmeler, kültürel ve toplumsal yapıların değişmesine, medeniyetin dönüşümüne yol açmıştır. Tekno-medeniyet kavramı, teknolojinin medeniyeti nasıl etkilediğini ve medeniyetin teknoloji tarafından şekillendiğini ifade etmektedir. Bu kavram, teknoloji ve medeniyet arasındaki karşılıklı etkileşimi vurgulamaktadır. Küresel teknoloji şirketleri, yeni medya sisteminin oluşumunda ve tekno-medeniyetin gelişiminde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Küresel teknoloji şirketleri, dijital platformları, sosyal medya ağlarını, arama motorlarını ve diğer teknolojik ürünleri sağlayarak milyarlarca insanın günlük yaşamını etkilemektedir. Bu şirketler, büyük veri analitiği, yapay zeka ve reklamcılık gibi alanlarda teknolojik gelişmeleri kullanarak kullanıcıların davranışlarını izlemekte ve şekillendirmektedir. Bu durum, kültürel değerlerin, iletişim biçimlerinin ve sosyal ilişkilerin değişmesine yol açmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, teknolojinin medeniyet üzerindeki baskın rolünün nasıl oluştuğunu ortaya çıkarmaktır. Yöntem, teknoloji alanında faaliyette bulunan şirketlerin oluşturduğu evren üzerinden ilk on sırada yer alan şirketler marka değerleri ilk yirmi sırada yer alan şirketler ise kurumsal yapıları yönünden içerik analizi ile incelenmektedir. Çalışmada 2022 verilerine göre 7,93 milyar insanın 5,74 milyar internet kullanıcısı ve %69 internet kullanımı olduğu saptanmıştır. Dünyada faaliyet gösteren en büyük 861 şirket arasında marka değeri, gelir, çalışan sayısı ve diğer kriterler baz alındığında ilk on sırada yer alan şirketler arasında; ABD’nin 590 şirket, Çin /Hong Kong 351 ve Japonya’nın 196 şirket ile bu alanda ilk üç sırayı paylaşmakta olduğu da anlaşılmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Yeni Medya, Teknoloji, Medeniyet, Sanal Kimlik, İçerik Analizi.

THE TRANSFORMATION OF CIVILIZATION AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN "TECHNO-CIVILIZATION" IN THE NEW MEDIA SYSTEM: AN ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES

ABSTRACT
The new media system refers to an interactive transformation brought about by the development of digital technologies that have replaced traditional media. The Internet, social media, smartphones and other digital platforms have created a new environment for access to news, communication, entertainment and information sharing. These developments have led to changes in cultural and social structures and the transformation of civilization. The concept of techno-civilization refers to how technology affects civilization and how civilization is shaped by technology. This concept emphasizes the interplay between technology and civilization. Global technology companies play an important role in the formation of the new media system and the development of techno-civilization. Global technology companies influence the daily lives of billions of people by providing digital platforms, social media networks, search engines and other technological products. These companies monitor and shape users' behavior using technological advances in areas such as big data analytics, artificial intelligence and advertising. This is leading to changes in cultural values, forms of communication and social relations. The purpose of the study is to reveal how the dominant role of technology on civilization is formed. The method, the companies ranked in the top ten in the universe formed by the companies operating in the field of technology, the companies whose brand values are ranked in the top twenty are examined by content analysis in terms of their corporate structures. According to the data of the study, 7.93 billion people have 5.74 billion Internet users and 69% internet usage according to 2022 data. Among the 861 largest companies operating in the world, the companies ranked in the top based on brand value, revenue, number of employees and other criteria are among the companies that are ranked in the top; It is also understood that the USA shares the top three places in this field with 590 companies, China / Hong Kong 351 and Japan 196 companies.
Keywords: New Media, Technology, Civilization, Virtual Identity, Content Analysis.

Kaynakça

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  • Amini, M., Bienstock, C. C. & Narcum, J.A. (2018). Status of corporate sustainability: a content analysis of fortune 500 companies. Bus Strat Env. 2018(27), 1450-1461. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2195
  • Anderson, David A. (1993). Technology transfer via reverse brain drain: The Korean case [Doctoral Dissertation, United States International University, School of Business and Management], San Diego Campus.
  • Bauman, Z. (1997). Küreselleşme Toplumsalın Sonuçları, Çev.A. Yılmaz, Ayrıntı Yayınları.
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  • Berelson, B. (1952). Content Analysis in Communication Research. Hafner.
  • Bimber, B. (1990). Karl Marx and the three faces of technological determinism. Social Studies of Science, 20(2), 333-351. http://www.jstor.org/stable/285094
  • Bray, F. (1998). Technics and civilization in late ımperial China: An essay in the cultural history of technology, Osiris, Vol. 13, Beyond Joseph Needham: Science, Technology, and Medicine in East and Southeast Asia, 11-33.The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science Society.
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THE TRANSFORMATION OF CIVILIZATION AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN "TECHNO-CIVILIZATION" IN THE NEW MEDIA SYSTEM: AN ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4, 1058 - 1077, 01.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1321576

Öz

REFEREE APPOINTMENT: NEW MEDIA, COMMUNICATION STUDIES AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES

YENİ MEDYA SİSTEMİNDE MEDENİYETİN DÖNÜŞÜMÜ VE “TEKNO-MEDENİYET” İLİŞKİSİ: KÜRESEL TEKNOLOJİ ŞİRKETLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ANALİZ

ÖZ
Yeni medya sistemi, geleneksel medyanın yerini alan dijital teknolojilerin gelişimiyle ortaya çıkan etkileşimli bir dönüşümü ifade eder. İnternet, sosyal medya, akıllı telefonlar ve diğer dijital platformlar, haberlere erişim, iletişim, eğlence ve bilgi paylaşımı gibi alanlarda yeni bir ortam yaratmıştır. Bu gelişmeler, kültürel ve toplumsal yapıların değişmesine, medeniyetin dönüşümüne yol açmıştır. Tekno-medeniyet kavramı, teknolojinin medeniyeti nasıl etkilediğini ve medeniyetin teknoloji tarafından şekillendiğini ifade etmektedir. Bu kavram, teknoloji ve medeniyet arasındaki karşılıklı etkileşimi vurgulamaktadır. Küresel teknoloji şirketleri, yeni medya sisteminin oluşumunda ve tekno-medeniyetin gelişiminde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Küresel teknoloji şirketleri, dijital platformları, sosyal medya ağlarını, arama motorlarını ve diğer teknolojik ürünleri sağlayarak milyarlarca insanın günlük yaşamını etkilemektedir. Bu şirketler, büyük veri analitiği, yapay zeka ve reklamcılık gibi alanlarda teknolojik gelişmeleri kullanarak kullanıcıların davranışlarını izlemekte ve şekillendirmektedir. Bu durum, kültürel değerlerin, iletişim biçimlerinin ve sosyal ilişkilerin değişmesine yol açmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, teknolojinin medeniyet üzerindeki baskın rolünün nasıl oluştuğunu ortaya çıkarmaktır. Yöntem, teknoloji alanında faaliyette bulunan şirketlerin oluşturduğu evren üzerinden ilk on sırada yer alan şirketler marka değerleri ilk yirmi sırada yer alan şirketler ise kurumsal yapıları yönünden içerik analizi ile incelenmektedir. Çalışmada 2022 verilerine göre 7,93 milyar insanın 5,74 milyar internet kullanıcısı ve %69 internet kullanımı olduğu saptanmıştır. Dünyada faaliyet gösteren en büyük 861 şirket arasında marka değeri, gelir, çalışan sayısı ve diğer kriterler baz alındığında ilk on sırada yer alan şirketler arasında; ABD’nin 590 şirket, Çin /Hong Kong 351 ve Japonya’nın 196 şirket ile bu alanda ilk üç sırayı paylaşmakta olduğu da anlaşılmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Yeni Medya, Teknoloji, Medeniyet, Sanal Kimlik, İçerik Analizi.

THE TRANSFORMATION OF CIVILIZATION AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN "TECHNO-CIVILIZATION" IN THE NEW MEDIA SYSTEM: AN ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES

ABSTRACT
The new media system refers to an interactive transformation brought about by the development of digital technologies that have replaced traditional media. The Internet, social media, smartphones and other digital platforms have created a new environment for access to news, communication, entertainment and information sharing. These developments have led to changes in cultural and social structures and the transformation of civilization. The concept of techno-civilization refers to how technology affects civilization and how civilization is shaped by technology. This concept emphasizes the interplay between technology and civilization. Global technology companies play an important role in the formation of the new media system and the development of techno-civilization. Global technology companies influence the daily lives of billions of people by providing digital platforms, social media networks, search engines and other technological products. These companies monitor and shape users' behavior using technological advances in areas such as big data analytics, artificial intelligence and advertising. This is leading to changes in cultural values, forms of communication and social relations. The purpose of the study is to reveal how the dominant role of technology on civilization is formed. The method, the companies ranked in the top ten in the universe formed by the companies operating in the field of technology, the companies whose brand values are ranked in the top twenty are examined by content analysis in terms of their corporate structures. According to the data of the study, 7.93 billion people have 5.74 billion Internet users and 69% internet usage according to 2022 data. Among the 861 largest companies operating in the world, the companies ranked in the top based on brand value, revenue, number of employees and other criteria are among the companies that are ranked in the top; It is also understood that the USA shares the top three places in this field with 590 companies, China / Hong Kong 351 and Japan 196 companies.
Keywords: New Media, Technology, Civilization, Virtual Identity, Content Analysis.

Kaynakça

  • Abrams, D. (1994). Social self-regulation. Special issue: The self and the collective. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 473-483.
  • Abrams, D. (1999). Social identity and social cognition. In D. Abrams & M. A. Hogg (Eds.), Social identity and social cognition (pp. 197- 229). Blackwell.
  • Adler, Paul S. (2006). Technological determinism. In Stewart Clegg and James R. Bailey (Eds.), The international encyclopedia of organization studies, (2nd.), (pp.1-5), Sage.
  • Amini, M., Bienstock, C. C. & Narcum, J.A. (2018). Status of corporate sustainability: a content analysis of fortune 500 companies. Bus Strat Env. 2018(27), 1450-1461. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2195
  • Anderson, David A. (1993). Technology transfer via reverse brain drain: The Korean case [Doctoral Dissertation, United States International University, School of Business and Management], San Diego Campus.
  • Bauman, Z. (1997). Küreselleşme Toplumsalın Sonuçları, Çev.A. Yılmaz, Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Bauman, Z. (1997). Özgürlük, Çev. V. Erenus, Sarmal Yayınevi.
  • Berelson, B. (1952). Content Analysis in Communication Research. Hafner.
  • Bimber, B. (1990). Karl Marx and the three faces of technological determinism. Social Studies of Science, 20(2), 333-351. http://www.jstor.org/stable/285094
  • Bray, F. (1998). Technics and civilization in late ımperial China: An essay in the cultural history of technology, Osiris, Vol. 13, Beyond Joseph Needham: Science, Technology, and Medicine in East and Southeast Asia, 11-33.The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science Society.
  • Buckingham, D. (2008). Introducing identity: Youth, identity, and digital media. David Buckingham. (Ed.), The John D. & Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Series on Digital Media and Learning. The MIT Press, 2008. (pp.1-24). https://doi.org/10.1162/dmal.9780262524834.001
  • Castells, M. (2004). The Network Society: A Cross Cultural Perspective, Edward Elgar Publishing, 22-90.
  • Companies Market Cap. (2023, 10 Ocak). Largest technology companies by revenue. CMP. https://companiesmarketcap.com/tech/largest-tech-companies-by-revenue/
  • Connolly, W. (1995). Kimlik ve Farklılık, Siyasetin Açmazına Dair Çözüm Önerileri. Çev.F. Lekesizalın, Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Diamond, J. (2004). Tüfek, mikrop ve çelik. (14. Baskı), Çev. Ü. İnce, Tübitak Yayınları.
  • Dolgun, U. (2005). İşte Büyük Birader. (1. Baskı), Hayykitap.
  • Duverger, M. (1982). Siyaset Sosyolojisi. Çev.Ş. Tekeli, Varlık Yayınları.
  • Epstein, S. (1973). The self-concept revisited or a theory of a theory. American Psychologist, 28, 404-416.
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  • Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. Norton.
  • Feenberg, A. (1995). Alternative modernity: The Technical turn in philosophy and social theory. University of California Press.
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  • Greenwald, A. G. & Banaji, M. R. (1989). The self as a memory system: Powerful, but ordinary. Journal of Personality and Social Psy¬chology, 57, 41-54.
  • Hall, S. (1996). Who needs identity? In S. Hall & P. du Gay (Eds.) Questions of cultural identity, Sage.
  • Hogg, M. A. (2003). Social identity. In M. R. Leary & P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity (pp. 462-479). Guilford Press.
  • Hsieh, Y.J. (2012). Hotel companies, environmental policies and practices: a content analysis of their web pages, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 24(1), 97-121. https://doi.org/10.1108/095961112
  • Hughes, T. P. (1994). Technological momentum. In M. R. Smith & L. Marx (Eds.), Does technology drive history (pp.101-114). MIT Press.
  • Innis, H.A. (1950). Empire and communication. Clarendon Press.
  • Internet World Stats. (2023, 25 Mayıs). Dünya’da internet kullanımı ve nüfus istatistiği. https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
  • James, W. (1927). The Principles of psychology. Dover. (Original work published 1890).
  • Kellner, D. (2001). Media culture, culturel studies, identity and politics between the modern and postmodern. Routledge.
  • Kohut, H. & Wolf, Ernest S. (1986). The disorders of self and their treatment: An Outline. In A. P. Morrison (Ed.), Essential papers on narcissism, (pp.175-196), New York University Press.
  • Kurzweil, R. (2005). The Singularity is near: When humans transcend biology. Penguin Books.
  • Lasswell, H., Lerner, D. & Pool, I. de Sola. (1952). The comparative study of symbol: An introduction. Hoover Institute and Library on War, Revolution and Peace. Stanford University Press.
  • Lévy, P. (1998). Becoming virtual. Plenum Trade.
  • Lyon, D. (2006). Gözetlenen toplum. Çev. G. Soykan, Kalkedon Yayınları.
  • Macnamara, J. (2005). Media content analysis: Its uses, benefits and best practice methodology. Asia Pacific Public Relations Journal, 6(1), 1-34.
  • Markus, H. & Wurf, E. (1987). The dynamic self-concept: A social psychological perspec¬tive. Annual Review of Psychology, 38, 299- 337.
  • McLuhan, M. (1994). Understanding media: the extensions of man. MIT Press.
  • McLuhan, M. (2001). Gutenberg galaksisi: Tipografik insanın oluşumu. Çev. G. Ç. Güven, Yapıkredi Yayınları.
  • Merritt, Rose S. & Marx, L. (1994). Does technology drive history? In The Dilemma of technological determinism, M. R. Smith & L. Marx (Eds.), The MIT Press.
  • Nacar, R. & Burnaz, S. (2011). A Cultural content analysis of multinational companies web sites, Qualitative Market Research, 14(3), 274-288. https://doi.org/10.1108/13522751111137505
  • Neuendorf, K. (2002). The Content analysis guidebook, Sage.
  • Oberlo, (2023, 3 Ocak) 10 Internet statistics every marketer should know in 2023. Oberlo. https://www.oberlo.com/blog/internet-statistics
  • Owens, T., Robinson, D. T. & Smith-Lovin, L. (2010). Three faces of identity. Annual Re¬view of Sociology, 36, 477-499.
  • Oyserman, D. (2001). Self-concept and identity. In A. Tesser & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of social psychology (pp. 499-517). Blackwell.
  • Perry, M. & Bodkin, C. (2000). Content analysis of Fortune 100 company web sites, Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 5(2),2000, 87-96. https://doi.org/10.1108/1356328001033833
  • Piper, F., Robshaw, Matt J.B. & Schwiderski-Grosche, S. (2004). Identities and authentication, Cyber Trust & Crime Prevention Project, UK Foresight 2004, http://www.bis.gov.uk/assets/bispartners/foresight/docs/cyber/identities%20and%20authentication.pdf Williams, Christopher J. F. (1989). What is identity?. Clarendon Press.
  • Rahman, Z., Subaramanian, K. & Zanuddin, H. (2017). Social media content analysis: Study on brand posts of electronics companies, Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, january 2017, 12(1), 87-94. https://doi.org/10.3923/jeasci.2017.87.94
  • Rheingold, H. (1993). The Virtual community: Homesteading on the electronic frontier. Minerva.
  • Riffe, D. & Freitag, A. (1997). A content analysis of content analyses: Twenty-five years of Journalism Quarterly. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 74, 873-882. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769909707400414
  • Rosenau, P. Marie (1998). Postmodernizm ve toplumbilimleri. Çev. T. Birkan, Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • Scott, W. (1955). Reliability of content analysis: The Case of nominal scale coding. Public Opinion Quarterly, 17, 321-325. https://doi.org/10.1086/266577
  • Sec. (2023, 3 Ocak). Subsidiaries of the registrant. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/858877/000119312512388590/d365054dex211.htm
  • Shah, N. R. & Jha, S. K. (2018). Exploring organisational understanding of foundational pillars of social media a qualitative content analysis of social media policies of technology companies. Journal of Management Research, 18(4), 226-245. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020975030
  • Shen, B. & Bissell, K. (2013). Social media, social me: a content analysis of beauty companies use of facebook in marketing and branding, Journal of Promotion Management, 19(5), 629-651, https://doi.org/10.1080/10496491.2013.829160
  • Singh, N., Xhao, H. & Hu, Xia. (2003). Cultural adaptation on the web: a study of american companies' domestic and chinese website, Journal of Global Information Management, Jul-Sep 2003, 11(3), ABI/INFORM Collection, July-September 2002, 63-80.
  • Smith, A. (2002). Küresel çağda milletler ve milliyetçilik. Çev. D.Kömürcü, Everest Yayınları.
  • Smith, Michael L. (1994). Recourse of empire: Landscapes of progress in technological America. In M. R. Smith & L. Marx (Eds.). Does Technology Drive History?: The Dilemma of technological determinism. (pp.37-52), The MIT Press.
  • Smith, M. R. (1985). Social processes and technological change (review of from the American system to mass production, 1800-1932: The Development of manufacturing technology in the United States; Forces of Production: A Social history of industrial automation), D. A. Hounshell & D. F. Noble (Eds.) Reviews in American History, 13(2), 157–166. https://doi.org/10.2307/2702403
  • Statista. (2023, 5 Ocak). Dünyada bölgelere göre internet kullanıcı sayıları. https://www.statista.com/statistics/265147/number-of-worldwide-internet-users-by-region/
  • Statista. (2023, 13 Ocak). Küresel teknoloji şirketleri marka değerleri. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1350976/leading-tech-companies-worldwide-by-market-cap/
  • Stockdale, R. & Standing, C. (2002). A framework for the selection of electronic marketplaces: A content analysis. Internet Research, 2002; 12, 3, ABI/INFORM Global, 221-234.
  • Stratton, J. (2002). Siberalan ve kültürün küreselleştirilmesi, Cogito Dergisi, Kış, 30, 80-97, Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Stryker, S. & Burke, P. (2000). The past, pres¬ent, and future of identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63, 284-297.
  • Tajfel, H. (1981). Human groups and social identity. Cambridge University Press.
  • Tajfel, H. & Turner, J. (2004). The social iden¬tity theory of intergroup behavior. In J.T. Jost, & J. Sidanius (Eds.), Political psychology: Key readings (pp. 276-293). Psychol¬ogy Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203505984
  • Teknoloji Oku. (2023, 11 Ocak). Çevrimiçi nüfus haritası. https://www.teknolojioku.com/bilim-teknik/iste-dunyanin-online-haritasi-5a29022918e54078fb15dc54
  • Toffler, A. (1980). The Third wave. Bantam Books.
  • Turkle, S. (1995). Life on the screen: Identity in the age of internet. Simon and Schuster.
  • Veblen, T. B. (1994) - (1899). The Theory of the leisure class. Penguin Books.
  • Veblen, T. B. (1975) - (1904). The Theory of business enterprise. A. M. Kelley.
  • We Are Social (2023, 1 Ağustos) Digital 2023 global overview report. https://wearesocial.com/us/blog/2023/01/the-changing-world-of-digital-in-2023/
  • We Are Social (2023, 1 Ağustos) Digital 2022 global overview report. https://wearesocial.com/uk/blog/2022/01/digital-2022/
  • Williams, Rosalind H. (1990). Notes on the underground: An Essay on technology, society, and the imagination. The MIT Press.
Toplam 81 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Yeni Medya
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mustafa Aydemir 0000-0001-9414-4053

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ekim 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2023
Kabul Tarihi 6 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Aydemir, M. (2023). YENİ MEDYA SİSTEMİNDE MEDENİYETİN DÖNÜŞÜMÜ VE “TEKNO-MEDENİYET” İLİŞKİSİ: KÜRESEL TEKNOLOJİ ŞİRKETLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ANALİZ. Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication, 13(4), 1058-1077. https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1321576


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