Wood Property Improvement of Siberian Pine by Combination of Boric Acid Impregnation and In-Situ Polymerization of Ԑ-Caprolactone
Öz
Wood is an excellent engineering material with its
light weight and high mechanical properties. However, it is susceptible to
biodegradation due to its hygroscopic nature and chemical composition that
limits both its indoor and outdoor usage. Boron compounds which are known as
eco-friendly wood preservatives have limited utility at outdoor conditions
since they are easily leached out from wood by water. The aim of this study is
to prevent boron leaching by creating a polymer network that encapsulates boron
compound inside the wood cell walls, thus decay resistance, dimensional
stability and water repellence are improved. In the study, Siberian pine
samples were impregnated with 1% boric acid in DMF(N,N-Dimethylformamide) and
further ε-caprolactone monomer (1% SnOct2 as initiator) mixture for further
in-situ polymerization were carried out in the oven at 150°C for 3 hours. Prior
to decay testing, leaching test was conducted in order to evaluate any loss in
effectiveness in decay resistance against to C. puteana and C. versicolor
attack due to possibility of boron leaching from wood. The results showed that
leached samples had lower weight loss than unleached samples after C. puteana
attack, however, the weight loss by C. versicolor attack increased in leached samples.
Decay resistance of treated samples was found to be 7-99% in comparison with
references. Boric acid and polymer combination increased dimensional stability
(25% ASE), and water repellence (15%) of wood compared to references without
deformation. This method showed that curing may be an alternative for wood
modification with in-situ polycaprolactone polymerization in order to use
hazardous solvent media for polymerization.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Poly(ε-caprolactone) wood modification dimensional stability decay resistance
Kaynakça
- 1] Hill C. A. S., “Wood modification : chemical, thermal and other processes”, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England, Hoboken, NJ, (2006).
- [2] Rowell R. M., “Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites”, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, (2000).
- [3] Kartal S. N., Yoshimura T., Imamura Y., “Decay and termite resistance of boron-treated and chemically modified wood by in situ co-polymerization of allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) with methyl methacrylate (MMA)”, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 53(2): 111-117, (2004).
- [4] Yalinkilic M. K., Gezer E. D., Tkahashi M., Demirci Z., Ilhan R., Imamura Y., “Boron addition to non or low-formaldeyde cross-linking reagents to enhance biological resistance and dimensional stability of wood”, Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, 57: 351-357, (1999).
- [5] Dauvergne E. T., Soulounganga P., Gerardin P., Loubinoux B., “Glycerol/glyoxal: a new boron fixation system for wood preservation and dimensional stabilization”, Holzforschung, 54: 123–126, (2000).
- [6] Temiz A., Alfredsen G., Eikenes M., Terziev N., "Decay Resistance Of Wood Treated With Boric Acid And Tall Oil Derivates", Bioresource Technology, 99: 2102-2106, (2008).
- [7] Kartal S. N., Yoshimura T., Imamura Y., “Modification of wood with Si compounds to limit boron leaching from treated wood and to increase termite and decay resistance”, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 63:187–190, (2009).
- [8] Jebrane M. and Heinmaa I., “Covalent fixation of boron in wood through transesterification with vinyl ester of carboxyphenylboronic acid”, Holzforschung, 70(6): 577-583, (2015).
- [9] Ermeydan M. A., Cabane E., Hass P., Koetz J., Burgert I., “Fully biodegradable modification of wood for improvement of dimensional stability and water absorption properties by poly(ε-caprolactone) grafting into the cell walls”, Green Chemistry, 16(6): 3313-3321, (2014).
- [10] Rowell R. M. and Ellis W. D., “Determination of dimensional stability of wood using the water-soaking method”, Wood and Fiber, 10(2): 104-111, (1978).
- [11] Zabel R. A., Morrell J. J., “Wood Microbiology Decay and Its Prevention”, Academic Press: San Diego, (1992).
- [12] Mantanis G. I., Young R. A., and Rowell R. M., “Swelling of wood, part II. Swelling in organic liquids”, Holzforschung, 48: 480-490, (1994).
- [13] Ermeydan M. A., Tomak E. D., “The Combined Effects of Boron and Polymer Modification on Decay Resistance and Properties of Wood”, 16th International Materials Symposium, Denizli, 1574-1581, (2016).
- [14] Reinprecht L., Kizlink J., “Synthesis and anti-fungal screening test of organotin dithiocarbamates”, Drevársky Výskum, 44: 67–74, (1999).
- [15] Baldrian P.,"Interactions of heavy metals with white-rot fungi", Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 32(1): 78-91, (2003).
- [16] Gadd G. M., De Rome L., “Biosorption of copper by fungal melanins”, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 29(6): 610–617, (1988).
- [17] Gadd G. M., Gray D. J., Newby P.J., “Role of melanin in fungal biosorption of tributyltin chloride”, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 34: 116–121, (1990).
- [18] Palmans E., Mares G., Poppe J., Höfte M., “Biodegradation of xenobiotics by heavy metal resistant higher fungi”, Med Fac Landbouww Univ Gent, 60: 2563, (1995).
Wood Property Improvement of Siberian Pine by Combination of Boric Acid Impregnation and In-Situ Polymerization of Ԑ-Caprolactone
Öz
Wood is an excellent engineering material with its
light weight and high mechanical properties. However, it is susceptible to
biodegradation due to its hygroscopic nature and chemical composition that
limits both its indoor and outdoor usage. Boron compounds which are known as
eco-friendly wood preservatives have limited utility at outdoor conditions
since they are easily leached out from wood by water. The aim of this study is
to prevent boron leaching by creating a polymer network that encapsulates boron
compound inside the wood cell walls, thus decay resistance, dimensional
stability and water repellence are improved. In the study, Siberian pine
samples were impregnated with 1% boric acid in DMF(N,N-Dimethylformamide) and
further ε-caprolactone monomer (1% SnOct2 as initiator) mixture for further
in-situ polymerization were carried out in the oven at 150°C for 3 hours. Prior
to decay testing, leaching test was conducted in order to evaluate any loss in
effectiveness in decay resistance against to C. puteana and C. versicolor
attack due to possibility of boron leaching from wood. The results showed that
leached samples had lower weight loss than unleached samples after C. puteana
attack, however, the weight loss by C. versicolor attack increased in leached samples.
Decay resistance of treated samples was found to be 7-99% in comparison with
references. Boric acid and polymer combination increased dimensional stability
(25% ASE), and water repellence (15%) of wood compared to references without
deformation. This method showed that curing may be an alternative for wood
modification with in-situ polycaprolactone polymerization in order to use
hazardous solvent media for polymerization.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Poly(ε-caprolactone) wood modification dimensional stability decay resistance
Kaynakça
- 1] Hill C. A. S., “Wood modification : chemical, thermal and other processes”, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England, Hoboken, NJ, (2006).
- [2] Rowell R. M., “Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites”, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, (2000).
- [3] Kartal S. N., Yoshimura T., Imamura Y., “Decay and termite resistance of boron-treated and chemically modified wood by in situ co-polymerization of allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) with methyl methacrylate (MMA)”, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 53(2): 111-117, (2004).
- [4] Yalinkilic M. K., Gezer E. D., Tkahashi M., Demirci Z., Ilhan R., Imamura Y., “Boron addition to non or low-formaldeyde cross-linking reagents to enhance biological resistance and dimensional stability of wood”, Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, 57: 351-357, (1999).
- [5] Dauvergne E. T., Soulounganga P., Gerardin P., Loubinoux B., “Glycerol/glyoxal: a new boron fixation system for wood preservation and dimensional stabilization”, Holzforschung, 54: 123–126, (2000).
- [6] Temiz A., Alfredsen G., Eikenes M., Terziev N., "Decay Resistance Of Wood Treated With Boric Acid And Tall Oil Derivates", Bioresource Technology, 99: 2102-2106, (2008).
- [7] Kartal S. N., Yoshimura T., Imamura Y., “Modification of wood with Si compounds to limit boron leaching from treated wood and to increase termite and decay resistance”, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 63:187–190, (2009).
- [8] Jebrane M. and Heinmaa I., “Covalent fixation of boron in wood through transesterification with vinyl ester of carboxyphenylboronic acid”, Holzforschung, 70(6): 577-583, (2015).
- [9] Ermeydan M. A., Cabane E., Hass P., Koetz J., Burgert I., “Fully biodegradable modification of wood for improvement of dimensional stability and water absorption properties by poly(ε-caprolactone) grafting into the cell walls”, Green Chemistry, 16(6): 3313-3321, (2014).
- [10] Rowell R. M. and Ellis W. D., “Determination of dimensional stability of wood using the water-soaking method”, Wood and Fiber, 10(2): 104-111, (1978).
- [11] Zabel R. A., Morrell J. J., “Wood Microbiology Decay and Its Prevention”, Academic Press: San Diego, (1992).
- [12] Mantanis G. I., Young R. A., and Rowell R. M., “Swelling of wood, part II. Swelling in organic liquids”, Holzforschung, 48: 480-490, (1994).
- [13] Ermeydan M. A., Tomak E. D., “The Combined Effects of Boron and Polymer Modification on Decay Resistance and Properties of Wood”, 16th International Materials Symposium, Denizli, 1574-1581, (2016).
- [14] Reinprecht L., Kizlink J., “Synthesis and anti-fungal screening test of organotin dithiocarbamates”, Drevársky Výskum, 44: 67–74, (1999).
- [15] Baldrian P.,"Interactions of heavy metals with white-rot fungi", Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 32(1): 78-91, (2003).
- [16] Gadd G. M., De Rome L., “Biosorption of copper by fungal melanins”, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 29(6): 610–617, (1988).
- [17] Gadd G. M., Gray D. J., Newby P.J., “Role of melanin in fungal biosorption of tributyltin chloride”, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 34: 116–121, (1990).
- [18] Palmans E., Mares G., Poppe J., Höfte M., “Biodegradation of xenobiotics by heavy metal resistant higher fungi”, Med Fac Landbouww Univ Gent, 60: 2563, (1995).
Ayrıntılar
| Konular | Mühendislik |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Mart 2019 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 14 Kasım 2017 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1 |
Kaynak Göster
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