Araştırma Makalesi
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LED Işık Kaynaklı Solar Simülatörler Üzerine İnceleme

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 1438 - 1452, 12.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1123341

Öz

Bu çalışmada; fotovoltaik cihazların testlerini gerçekleştiren ve son yıllarda kullanımı giderek artan LED ışık kaynaklı solar simülatörler incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla giriş kısmında yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından güneş enerjisinin önemi vurgulanmış, solar simülatörlerin tanımı ve gerekliliği açıklanmıştır. Sonraki bölümlerde ise güneş ışığı detayları belirtilmiş, solar simülatörlerde kullanılan diğer ışık kaynakları incelenmiş, LED ışık kaynaklarının diğerlerine göre farkları ortaya konulmuştur. LED solar simülatörler için ASTM E927-10 ve IEC- 60904-9 standartlarında belirtilen performans kriterleri detaylandırılmış ve bu kriterlerin belirlenmesindeki değerler formüle edilmiştir. Yine aynı standartlar doğrultusunda LED solar simülatörler konusunda gerçekleştirilen bilimsel çalışmalar incelenmiş ve kronolojik olarak detaylandırılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda solar simülatörlerde kullanılan ışık kaynaklarının avantaj ve dezavantajları bir tablo halinde sunulmuştur. Karşılaştırma sonrasında solar simülatörlerde ışık kaynağı olarak kullanılan LED’lerin önemi ve gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Al-Ahmad AY., Clark D., Holdsworth JL., Vaughan B., J. Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC. An Economic LED Solar Simulator Design. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 2022; 12(2):521–525.
  • Alagöz İ. Rüzgâr Elektrik Santrallerinin Kontrolü için Kullanılabilecek Doğrulamalı Kod Kütüphanesi Geliştirilmesi. El-Cezeri Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 2021; 8(2):841–858.
  • Alxneit I. Measuring Temperatures in a High Concentration Solar Simulator – Demonstration of the Principle. Solar Energy 2011; 85(3):516–22.
  • Barış K., Kücükali S. Availibility of Renewable Energy Sources in Turkey: Current Situation, Potential, Government Policies and the EU Perspective. Energy Policy 2012; 42:377–91.
  • Bazzi AM., Klein Z., Sweeney M., Kroeger KP., Shenoy PS, Krein PT. Solid-State Solar Simulator. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2012; 48(4):1195–1202.
  • Bennett M., R. Podlesny R. Two Source Simulator for Improved Solar Simulation. IEEE Conference on Photovoltaic Specialists. 1990, sayfa no: 1438-1442.
  • Bliss M., Betts TR., Gottschalg R. Advantages in Using LEDs as the Main Light Source in Solar Simulators for Measuring PV Device Characteristics. Proc. SPIE 7048, Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems, 704807 10 September 2008, San Diego, California, United States
  • Bliss, M.,Wendlandt S., Betts TR., Gottschalg R. Towards a Higher Power, All LED Solar Simulator Closely Matching Realistic Solar Spectra. 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, sayfa no: 3321-3326, Hamburg, Germany.
  • Brandhorst H., Hickey J., Curtis H., Ralph E. Interim Solar Cell Testing Procedures for Terrestrial Applications. 1975.
  • Çapik M., Yılmaz AO., Çavuşoğlu İ. Present Situation and Potential Role of Renewable Energy in Turkey. Renewable Energy 2012; 46:1–13.
  • Codd DS., Carlson A., Rees J., Slocum AH. A Low Cost High Flux Solar Simulator. Solar Energy 2010; 84(12):2202–12.
  • Dennis T., Schlager JB., Bertness KA. A Novel Solar Simulator Based on a Supercontinuum Laser for Solar Cell Device and Materials Characterization 2014. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 4(4):1119–27.
  • Dennis T., Schlager JB., Yuan HC., Wang Q., Friedman D. A Novel Solar Simulator Based on a Super-Continuum Laser. 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, sayfa no: 1845-1848, 2012, Austin, Teksas.
  • Ekman BM., Geoffrey Brooks G., Rhamdhani MA. Development of High Flux Solar Simulators for Solar Thermal Research. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2015; 141:436–46.
  • Esen V., Sağlam Ş., Oral B. Light Sources of Solar Simulators for Photovoltaic Devices: A Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2017; 77:1240–50.
  • Esen V., Sağlam Ş., Oral B., Esen ÖC. Spectrum Measurement of Variable Irradiance Controlled LED-Based Solar Simulator. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER) 2020; 10(1):109–16.
  • Esen V., Sağlam Ş., Oral B., Esen ÖC. Toward Class AAA LED Large Scale Solar Simulator With Active Cooling System for PV Module Tests’. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 2022; 12(1):364–71.
  • Georgescu A., Damache G., Gîrţu MA. Class A Small Area Solar Simulator for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Testing. Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials 2008; 10(11):3003–7.
  • Gök SG., Kavasoglu R. The Renewable Energy Policy of Turkey. 4th International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives, IEEE, sayfa no: 1334-1339, 2013.
  • Grandi G., Ienina A. Analysis and Realization of a Low-Cost Hybrid LED-Halogen Solar Simulator .International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA). IEEE. sayfa no: 794-799, 2013.
  • Irwan, YM., Leow WZ., Irwanto M., Amelia R., Gomesh N., Safwati I. Indoor Test Performance of PV Panel through Water Cooling Method. Energy Procedia 2015; 79:604–11.
  • Khan TQ., Bodrogi P., Vinh QT., Winkler H. LED Lighting: Technology and Perception. John Wiley & Sons. 2015.
  • KimKA., Dostart N., Huynh J., Krein PT. Low-Cost Solar Simulator Design for Multi-Junction Solar Cells in Space Applications. Power and Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI). IEEE, sayfa no: 1-6, 2014.
  • Kohraku S., Kurokawa K. New Methods for Solar Cells Measurement by LED Solar Simulator. 3rd World Conference onPhotovoltaic Energy Conversion, sayfa no: 1977-1980, 2003.
  • Kohraku S., Kurokawa K. A Fundamental Experiment for Discrete-Wavelength LED Solar Simulator. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2006; 90(18–19):3364–70.
  • Kolberg D., Schubert F., Klameth K, Spinner DM. Homogeneity and Lifetime Performance of a Tunable Close Match LED Solar Simulator. Energy Procedia 2012; 27:306–11.
  • Kolberg D., Schubert F, Lontke N., Zwigart A., Spinner DM. Development of Tunable Close Match LED Solar Simulator with Extended Spectral Range to UV and IR. Energy Procedia 2011; 8:100–105.
  • Krebs, FC., Sylvester‐Hvid KO., Jørgensen M. A Self‐calibrating Led‐based Solar Test Platform. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 2011; 19(1):97–112.
  • Krusi P., Schmid R. The CSI 1000 W Lamp as a Source for Solar Radiation Simulation. Solar Energy 1983; 30(5):455–62.
  • Liao CH., Ou HH., Lo SL., Chiueh PT., Yu YH. A Challenging Approach for Renewable Energy Market Development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2011; 15(1):787–93.
  • Linden KJ., Neal WR., Serreze HB. Adjustable Spectrum LED Solar Simulator. Light-Emitting Diodes: Materials, Devices, and Applications for Solid State Lighting XVIII, 2014, California, United States
  • Novickovas A., Baguckis A., Mekys A., Tamosiunas V. Compact Light-Emitting Diode-Based AAA Class Solar Simulator: Design and Application Peculiarities. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 2015; 5(4):1137–42.
  • Öcal O., ,Aslan A. Renewable Energy Consumption–Economic Growth Nexus in Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2013; 28:494–99. Plyta F., Betts TR., Gottschalg R. Potential for LED Solar Simulators. IEEE 39th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), sayfa no: 701-705, 2013.
  • PV Education, https://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunlight/air-mass (Erişim tarihi: 03.05.2022
  • Tracy R., Mosbrucker G., Petersen J., Osman M. Flexible Solar Simulator for Renewable Energy Instruction Laboratory. IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech). IEEE. sayfa no: 264-268, 2014.
  • Sopori BL., Marshall C. Design of a Fiber Optic Based Solar Simulator (for Solar Cell Testing). The Conference Record of the Twenty-Second IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, sayfa no:783-788, 1991.
  • Tavakoli M., Jahantigh F., Zarookian H. Adjustable High-Power-LED Solar Simulator with Extended Spectrum in UV Region. Solar Energy. 2020; 220:1130-1136
  • Tsuno Y., Kamisako K., Kurokawa K. New Generation of PV Module Rating by LED Solar Simulator - A Novel Approach and Its Capabilities. 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, sayfa no: 1-5, 2008.
  • Tükenmez M. Demireli E. Renewable Energy Policy in Turkey with the New Legal Regulations. Renewable Energy 2012; 39(1):1–9.
  • Twidell J., Weir T. Renewable Energy Resources. 2015 Routledge.
  • Wang W., Laumert B. Simulate a ‘Sun’for Solar Research: A Literature Review of Solar Simulator Technology. 2014.
  • Watjenatepin N. Design Construct and Evaluation of Six-Spectral LEDs-Based Solar Simulator Based on IEC 60904–9’. Inernational Journal of Engineering and Technology 2017. 9.
  • Xu, J., Woodyard JR. Investigation of Carbon Arc Source as an AM0 Solar Simulator for Use in Characterizing Multijunction Solar Cells. Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, sayfa no: 1324-27, 2000.

Survey on LED Light Source Solar Simulators

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 1438 - 1452, 12.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1123341

Öz

In this study; LED light source solar simulators, which test photovoltaic devices and whose use has been increasing in recent years, have been examined. For this purpose, the definition and necessity of solar simulators are explained by emphasizing the importance of solar energy one of the renewable energy sources, in the introduction part. In the next chapters, the details of sunlight are specified and other light sources used in solar simulators are examined, and the differences between LED light sources compared to others are revealed. For LED Solar simulators, the performance criteria specified in ASTM E927-10 and IEC-60904-9 standards have been detailed and the values in determining these criteria are formulated. Again, in line with the same standards, scientific studies on LED solar simulators were examined and detailed chronologically. At the end of the study, the advantages and disadvantages of light sources used in solar simulators are presented in a table. After the comparison, the importance and necessity of LEDs used as light sources in solar simulators are emphasized.

Kaynakça

  • Al-Ahmad AY., Clark D., Holdsworth JL., Vaughan B., J. Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC. An Economic LED Solar Simulator Design. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 2022; 12(2):521–525.
  • Alagöz İ. Rüzgâr Elektrik Santrallerinin Kontrolü için Kullanılabilecek Doğrulamalı Kod Kütüphanesi Geliştirilmesi. El-Cezeri Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 2021; 8(2):841–858.
  • Alxneit I. Measuring Temperatures in a High Concentration Solar Simulator – Demonstration of the Principle. Solar Energy 2011; 85(3):516–22.
  • Barış K., Kücükali S. Availibility of Renewable Energy Sources in Turkey: Current Situation, Potential, Government Policies and the EU Perspective. Energy Policy 2012; 42:377–91.
  • Bazzi AM., Klein Z., Sweeney M., Kroeger KP., Shenoy PS, Krein PT. Solid-State Solar Simulator. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2012; 48(4):1195–1202.
  • Bennett M., R. Podlesny R. Two Source Simulator for Improved Solar Simulation. IEEE Conference on Photovoltaic Specialists. 1990, sayfa no: 1438-1442.
  • Bliss M., Betts TR., Gottschalg R. Advantages in Using LEDs as the Main Light Source in Solar Simulators for Measuring PV Device Characteristics. Proc. SPIE 7048, Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems, 704807 10 September 2008, San Diego, California, United States
  • Bliss, M.,Wendlandt S., Betts TR., Gottschalg R. Towards a Higher Power, All LED Solar Simulator Closely Matching Realistic Solar Spectra. 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, sayfa no: 3321-3326, Hamburg, Germany.
  • Brandhorst H., Hickey J., Curtis H., Ralph E. Interim Solar Cell Testing Procedures for Terrestrial Applications. 1975.
  • Çapik M., Yılmaz AO., Çavuşoğlu İ. Present Situation and Potential Role of Renewable Energy in Turkey. Renewable Energy 2012; 46:1–13.
  • Codd DS., Carlson A., Rees J., Slocum AH. A Low Cost High Flux Solar Simulator. Solar Energy 2010; 84(12):2202–12.
  • Dennis T., Schlager JB., Bertness KA. A Novel Solar Simulator Based on a Supercontinuum Laser for Solar Cell Device and Materials Characterization 2014. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 4(4):1119–27.
  • Dennis T., Schlager JB., Yuan HC., Wang Q., Friedman D. A Novel Solar Simulator Based on a Super-Continuum Laser. 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, sayfa no: 1845-1848, 2012, Austin, Teksas.
  • Ekman BM., Geoffrey Brooks G., Rhamdhani MA. Development of High Flux Solar Simulators for Solar Thermal Research. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2015; 141:436–46.
  • Esen V., Sağlam Ş., Oral B. Light Sources of Solar Simulators for Photovoltaic Devices: A Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2017; 77:1240–50.
  • Esen V., Sağlam Ş., Oral B., Esen ÖC. Spectrum Measurement of Variable Irradiance Controlled LED-Based Solar Simulator. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER) 2020; 10(1):109–16.
  • Esen V., Sağlam Ş., Oral B., Esen ÖC. Toward Class AAA LED Large Scale Solar Simulator With Active Cooling System for PV Module Tests’. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 2022; 12(1):364–71.
  • Georgescu A., Damache G., Gîrţu MA. Class A Small Area Solar Simulator for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Testing. Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials 2008; 10(11):3003–7.
  • Gök SG., Kavasoglu R. The Renewable Energy Policy of Turkey. 4th International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives, IEEE, sayfa no: 1334-1339, 2013.
  • Grandi G., Ienina A. Analysis and Realization of a Low-Cost Hybrid LED-Halogen Solar Simulator .International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA). IEEE. sayfa no: 794-799, 2013.
  • Irwan, YM., Leow WZ., Irwanto M., Amelia R., Gomesh N., Safwati I. Indoor Test Performance of PV Panel through Water Cooling Method. Energy Procedia 2015; 79:604–11.
  • Khan TQ., Bodrogi P., Vinh QT., Winkler H. LED Lighting: Technology and Perception. John Wiley & Sons. 2015.
  • KimKA., Dostart N., Huynh J., Krein PT. Low-Cost Solar Simulator Design for Multi-Junction Solar Cells in Space Applications. Power and Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI). IEEE, sayfa no: 1-6, 2014.
  • Kohraku S., Kurokawa K. New Methods for Solar Cells Measurement by LED Solar Simulator. 3rd World Conference onPhotovoltaic Energy Conversion, sayfa no: 1977-1980, 2003.
  • Kohraku S., Kurokawa K. A Fundamental Experiment for Discrete-Wavelength LED Solar Simulator. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2006; 90(18–19):3364–70.
  • Kolberg D., Schubert F., Klameth K, Spinner DM. Homogeneity and Lifetime Performance of a Tunable Close Match LED Solar Simulator. Energy Procedia 2012; 27:306–11.
  • Kolberg D., Schubert F, Lontke N., Zwigart A., Spinner DM. Development of Tunable Close Match LED Solar Simulator with Extended Spectral Range to UV and IR. Energy Procedia 2011; 8:100–105.
  • Krebs, FC., Sylvester‐Hvid KO., Jørgensen M. A Self‐calibrating Led‐based Solar Test Platform. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 2011; 19(1):97–112.
  • Krusi P., Schmid R. The CSI 1000 W Lamp as a Source for Solar Radiation Simulation. Solar Energy 1983; 30(5):455–62.
  • Liao CH., Ou HH., Lo SL., Chiueh PT., Yu YH. A Challenging Approach for Renewable Energy Market Development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2011; 15(1):787–93.
  • Linden KJ., Neal WR., Serreze HB. Adjustable Spectrum LED Solar Simulator. Light-Emitting Diodes: Materials, Devices, and Applications for Solid State Lighting XVIII, 2014, California, United States
  • Novickovas A., Baguckis A., Mekys A., Tamosiunas V. Compact Light-Emitting Diode-Based AAA Class Solar Simulator: Design and Application Peculiarities. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 2015; 5(4):1137–42.
  • Öcal O., ,Aslan A. Renewable Energy Consumption–Economic Growth Nexus in Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2013; 28:494–99. Plyta F., Betts TR., Gottschalg R. Potential for LED Solar Simulators. IEEE 39th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), sayfa no: 701-705, 2013.
  • PV Education, https://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunlight/air-mass (Erişim tarihi: 03.05.2022
  • Tracy R., Mosbrucker G., Petersen J., Osman M. Flexible Solar Simulator for Renewable Energy Instruction Laboratory. IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech). IEEE. sayfa no: 264-268, 2014.
  • Sopori BL., Marshall C. Design of a Fiber Optic Based Solar Simulator (for Solar Cell Testing). The Conference Record of the Twenty-Second IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, sayfa no:783-788, 1991.
  • Tavakoli M., Jahantigh F., Zarookian H. Adjustable High-Power-LED Solar Simulator with Extended Spectrum in UV Region. Solar Energy. 2020; 220:1130-1136
  • Tsuno Y., Kamisako K., Kurokawa K. New Generation of PV Module Rating by LED Solar Simulator - A Novel Approach and Its Capabilities. 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, sayfa no: 1-5, 2008.
  • Tükenmez M. Demireli E. Renewable Energy Policy in Turkey with the New Legal Regulations. Renewable Energy 2012; 39(1):1–9.
  • Twidell J., Weir T. Renewable Energy Resources. 2015 Routledge.
  • Wang W., Laumert B. Simulate a ‘Sun’for Solar Research: A Literature Review of Solar Simulator Technology. 2014.
  • Watjenatepin N. Design Construct and Evaluation of Six-Spectral LEDs-Based Solar Simulator Based on IEC 60904–9’. Inernational Journal of Engineering and Technology 2017. 9.
  • Xu, J., Woodyard JR. Investigation of Carbon Arc Source as an AM0 Solar Simulator for Use in Characterizing Multijunction Solar Cells. Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, sayfa no: 1324-27, 2000.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Elektrik Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri (RESEARCH ARTICLES)
Yazarlar

Ali Samet Sarkın 0000-0001-6261-0531

Taner Dindar 0000-0002-4112-2114

Vedat Esen 0000-0001-6230-6070

Yasin Cengiz 0000-0003-0186-6319

Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Mayıs 2022
Kabul Tarihi 5 Eylül 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Sarkın, A. S., Dindar, T., Esen, V., Cengiz, Y. (2022). LED Işık Kaynaklı Solar Simülatörler Üzerine İnceleme. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(3), 1438-1452. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1123341
AMA Sarkın AS, Dindar T, Esen V, Cengiz Y. LED Işık Kaynaklı Solar Simülatörler Üzerine İnceleme. OKÜ Fen Bil. Ens. Dergisi ((OKU Journal of Nat. & App. Sci). Aralık 2022;5(3):1438-1452. doi:10.47495/okufbed.1123341
Chicago Sarkın, Ali Samet, Taner Dindar, Vedat Esen, ve Yasin Cengiz. “LED Işık Kaynaklı Solar Simülatörler Üzerine İnceleme”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5, sy. 3 (Aralık 2022): 1438-52. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1123341.
EndNote Sarkın AS, Dindar T, Esen V, Cengiz Y (01 Aralık 2022) LED Işık Kaynaklı Solar Simülatörler Üzerine İnceleme. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5 3 1438–1452.
IEEE A. S. Sarkın, T. Dindar, V. Esen, ve Y. Cengiz, “LED Işık Kaynaklı Solar Simülatörler Üzerine İnceleme”, OKÜ Fen Bil. Ens. Dergisi ((OKU Journal of Nat. & App. Sci), c. 5, sy. 3, ss. 1438–1452, 2022, doi: 10.47495/okufbed.1123341.
ISNAD Sarkın, Ali Samet vd. “LED Işık Kaynaklı Solar Simülatörler Üzerine İnceleme”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5/3 (Aralık 2022), 1438-1452. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1123341.
JAMA Sarkın AS, Dindar T, Esen V, Cengiz Y. LED Işık Kaynaklı Solar Simülatörler Üzerine İnceleme. OKÜ Fen Bil. Ens. Dergisi ((OKU Journal of Nat. & App. Sci). 2022;5:1438–1452.
MLA Sarkın, Ali Samet vd. “LED Işık Kaynaklı Solar Simülatörler Üzerine İnceleme”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 5, sy. 3, 2022, ss. 1438-52, doi:10.47495/okufbed.1123341.
Vancouver Sarkın AS, Dindar T, Esen V, Cengiz Y. LED Işık Kaynaklı Solar Simülatörler Üzerine İnceleme. OKÜ Fen Bil. Ens. Dergisi ((OKU Journal of Nat. & App. Sci). 2022;5(3):1438-52.

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