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Kurakçıl peyzaj uygulamaları için bir tür; Onosma armena DC.’nın üretimi, ex-situ korunması ve süs bitkisi özellikleri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 135 - 148, 15.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1029524

Öz

İklim değişikliği ve flora üzerindeki antropojen etkiler nedeniyle endemik ve nadir türler üzerindeki baskı giderek artmaktadır. Ulusal mevzuat ve uluslararası antlaşmalar gereği bu türlerin korunması zorunluluktur. Onosma armena DC. bitki türü endemik olmasının yanısıra kötü ekolojik koşullara ve kuraklığa toleransı yüksek olan bir türdür. Estetik özellikleri bakımındanda yüksek süs bitkisi potansiyeli taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Onosma armena DC. bitki türünün, süs bitkisi olarak kullanımı ile ilgili bitkisel özelliklerinin, doğal ve kültürel koşullardaki gelişim performansının, tohumla üretim yöntemlerinin belirlenmesi ve türün ex-situ korumaya alınması amaçlanmıştır. Bulgulara göre, nisan-haziran döneminde ortalama 52 gün çiçekli kalan bitki, sarı çiçek rengi, çok sayıdaki çiçeği, yayılıcı bitki formu, doğal habitatındaki ekstrem stresli koşullardaki performansı ile kurakçıl peyzaj uygulamalarında kullanıma uygun bir türdür. Araştırmamızda 20 oC çimlenme ortamı ile üç ay 4 oC’de nemli soğuk katlama + 24 saat 600 ppm GA3 (%69,33) ve 4 ay 4 oC’de perlit içerisinde nemli soğuk katlama (%70,33) uygulamaları Onosma armena DC. tohumlarının çimlenmesi için en iyi uygulamalar olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen fidelerle kültür ortamında, genetik kaynak, tanıtım ve ex-situ (doğal yaşam alanı dışında koruma) muhafaza amaçlı bahçe oluşturularak bu tür korumaya alınmıştır. Bundan sonraki kültüre alma çalışmaları doğal popülasyonlardan tohum almadan bu bahçeden temin edilen tohumlarla ve bahçedeki bitkilerle yürütülecektir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Yalova Üniversitesi

Proje Numarası

2018/AP/0011

Teşekkür

Finansman desteği için Yalova Üniversitesi’ne arazi çalışmalarındaki destekleri için Doğa Koruma Milli Parklar Yalova Şube Müdürlüğü ve personeline teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

  • Aguirre, J.C., Velásquez, L.R.S., 2006. Seed ecology and germination treatments in Magnolia dealbata: An endangered species. Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 201(3), 227-232, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2005.07.004.
  • Alba, C., Moravcová, L., Pyšek, P., 2016. Geographic structuring and transgenerational maternal effects shape germination in native, but not in introduced, populations of a widespread plant invader. American Journal of Botany 103: 837–844. doi: 10.3732/ajb.1600099.
  • Bagheri, F., Tahvilian, R., Karimi, N., Chalabi, M., Azami, M., 2018. Shikonin Production by Callus Culture ofOnosma bulbotrichomas Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient. Iranian Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research: IJPR, 17(2), 495–504.
  • Baskin, C.C., Baskin, J.M., 2014. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination, second ed. Elsevier/Academic Press, San Diego.
  • Brzuszek, R.F., Harkess, R.L., Kelly, L., 2010. Survey of master gardener use of native plants in the Southeastern United States. HortTechnlogy 20: 462-466.
  • Bu, H., Du, G., Chen, X., Xu, X., Liu, K., & Wen, S., 2008. Community wide germination strategies in alpine meadow on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau: phylogenetic and life history correlates, Plant Ecology,195: 87-98.
  • Cerabolini, B., Ceriani, R.M., Caccianiga, M., Andreis, R.D., Raimondi, B., 2003. Seed size, shape and persistence in soil: a test on Italian flora from Alps to Mediterranean coasts. Seed Science Research, 13: 75–85.
  • Cesur, C., Coşge Şenkal, B., Uskutoğlu, T., Yaman, C., Yurteri, T., 2017. Pıtrak (Xanthium itrumarium L.) Tohumlarının En Uygun Çimlendirme Metotlarının Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma, TÜTAD. 4 (2): 124-130.
  • Chen, X., Yang, L., Zhang, N., Turpin, J.A., Buckheit, R.W., Osterling, C., Oppenheim, J.J., Howard, O.M., 2003. Shikonin, a component of chinese herbal medicine, inhibits chemokine receptor function and suppresses human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Sep; 47(9):2810-6.
  • Chen, S.Y., Shing-Rong, K., Ching-Te, C., 2008. Roles of gibberellins and abscisic acid in dormancy and germination of red bayberry (Myrica rubra) seeds. Tree Physioly 28: 1431-1439.
  • Chimonidou, D., Vlahos, J.C., Odysseos, M., Georgiou, K., Della, A., 2005. Evaluatıon Of Specıes From Cyprus Flora For Sustaınable Use In Commercıal Florıculture. Acta Horticulture. 683, 111-120 DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.683.10
  • Chung, B.Y., Lee, Y.B., Baek, M.H., Kim, J.H., Wi, S.G., Kim, J.S., 2006. Effects of low-dose gamma-irradiation on production of shikonin derivatives in callus cultures of Lithospermum erythrorhizon. Radiation Physics Chemistry 75:10 18–23.
  • Copeland, L.O., McDonald, M.B., 2001. Principles of Seed Science and Technology, 4th Edition. Springer Science+Business Media, New York.
  • Cousinse, S.R. Witkowski, T.F., Mycock, D.J., 2014. Seed storage and germination in kumara plicatilis, a tree aloe endemic to mountain fynbos in the boland, south-western cape, South Africa. South African Journal Of Botany, Volume 94, September 2014, p. 190-194
  • Dayan, S., Güler, N., Arda, H., Çolak, Ç., Aytaç, A., 2013. Yok Olmakta Olan Endemik Bellevalia edirnensis Özhatay & Mathew (Asparagaceae)’İn Mevcut Yayılışı ve Koruma Statüsü, Journal of Natural Sciences 14(2): 87-91, Issn 2147–0294.
  • De Pascale, S., Romano, D., 2019. Potential use of wild plants in floriculture. Acta Horticulture 1240, 87-98, DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2019.1240.15
  • Dietrich, S., 2008. Onosma rigida - New crop summary & recommendations series: ın; “new floricultural crops: formulation of production schedules for wild, nondomesticated species part of the requirements for horticultural science 5051: Plant Production II” University of Minnesota.
  • Doğan, S., Gündoğan, M., 2019. Evaluation of Changes Biological Activity of Onosma Sericeum Willd (Boraginaceae) Based on Collection Time and Extraction Solvent, and Determination of Its Mineral and Trace Element Composition. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry. 2019; 6(3): 355-364.
  • Adams, R.P., TeBeest, A.K., 2016. The effects of gibberellic acid (GA3), Ethrel, seed soaking and pre-treatment storage temperatures on seed germination of Helianthus annuus and H. petiolaris. Phytologia 98: 213-218.
  • Elias, S.G., Copeland, L.O., McDonald, M.B., 2012. Seed Testing-Principles and Practices. Michigan State University Press, Michigan.
  • Erken, K., Özzambak, M.E., 2011. Spartium junceum L.,Chamaecytisus hirsutus (L.) Link. veGenista lydia Boiss var. Lydia taksonlarının çoğaltım yöntemleri ve süs bitkisi özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir.
  • Erken, K., Özzambak, E., 2012. Spartium Junceum L.’de Tohum Çimlenmesi ve Süs Bitkisi Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi, Bahçe Dergisi 2012 (41)1, 9-23.
  • Eser, B., Saygılı, H., Gökçöl, A., İlker, E., 2005. Tohum Bilimi ve Teknolojisi. Cilt I-II, Ege Üniversitesi Tohum Teknolojisi Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Yayın No: 3, İzmir, 908 s.
  • Ge, F., Yuan, X., Wang, X., Zhao, B., Wang, Y., 2006. Cell growth and shikonin production of Arnebia euchroma in a periodically submerged airlift bioreactor. Biotechnology Letters 2006 Apr; 28(8):525-9.
  • Genç, M., 2005. Süs Bitkisi Yetiştiriciliği. 1. Cilt, Temel Üretme Teknikleri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Yayını, No. 55, Isparta, 369 s.
  • Gresta, F., Cristaudo, A., Onofri, A., Restuccia, A., Avola, G., 2010. Germination response of four pasture species to temperature, light, and post-harvest period. Plant Biosystems 144(4): 849–856.
  • Hartman, T.H., Kester, E.D., Davıes, T. F., 1990. Plant Propagation Principles and Practices. Fifth Edition, Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. p:647.
  • Hiloğlu, M., Yücel, E., Kandemir, A., Sözen, E., 2016. In vitro seed germination study in endemic plant Onosma discedens. Biological Diversity and Conservation. Biodicon Vol.9 (1): 92-96.
  • Iglesias, R.G., Babiano, M.J., 1997. Endogenous abscisic acid during the germination of chickpea seed. Physiologia Plantarum 100: 500-504
  • IUCN, 2014. Nesli Tükenme Tehlikesi Altında Olan Türlerin Kırmızı Listesi. http://www.iucn.org
  • Kandemir, A., Türkmen, Z. 2010. A new species of Onosma (Boraginaceae) from eastern Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 34 (4): 277-282.
  • Karaguzel, O., Girmen, B.. 2009. Morphological variations of chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus L.) genotypes from southern Anatolia. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 37: 253-261.
  • Karlsson, L.M., Milberg, P.A., 2007. Comperative study of germination ecology of four Papaver taxa Annals of Botany 99: 935-946.
  • Karlsson, L.M., Tamado, T., Milberg, P., 2008. Inter-species comparison of seed dormancy and germination of six annual Asteraceae weeds in an ecological context, Seed Science Research 18: 35-45.
  • Kırmızı, S., Arslan, H., Güleryüz, G., 2019. Soğuk stratifikasyon uygulamalarının endemik Muscari bourgaei tohumlarında çimlenme üzerine etkisi, I. International Ornamental Plants Congress, 9 - 11 October 2019, Bursa, Türkiye s. 46-50.
  • Kırmızı, S., Güleryüz, G., Arslan, H., 2017. Effects of environmental and storage conditions on the germination of Allium species. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 63:3470-3478.
  • Kolarčik, V., Zozomová-Lihová, J., Mártonfi, P., 2010. Systematics and evolutionary history of the Asterotricha group of the genus Onosma (Boraginaceae) in central and southern Europe inferred from AFLP and nrDNA ITS data, Plant Systematics and Evolution 290:21–45.
  • Leite, I.T.A., Takaki, M., 2001. Phytochrome and temperature control of seed germination in Muntingia calabura L. (Elaeocarpaceae). Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 44(3), 297-302. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132001000300012.
  • Nadjafi, F., Bannayan, M., Tabrizi, L., Rastgoo, M., 2006. Seed germination and dormancy breaking techniques for Ferula gummosa and Teucrium polium. Journal of Arid Environments 64(3): 542–547.
  • Nielsen, K.K., 1988. Dormancy in seeds from different positions on individual plants. Acta Horticulturae 226: 255-261.
  • Núñez, M.R., Calvo, L., 2000. Effect of high temperatures on seed germination ofPinus sylvestris and Pinus halepensis. Forest Ecology and Management 2000, 131, 183–190.
  • Özcan, T. 2009. Characterization of Onosma bracteosum Hausskn & Bornm and Onosma thracicum Velen Based on fatty acid compositions and tocopherol contents of the seed oils. European Journal of Biology 68:75–83.
  • Öztürk, A., Yiğit, N., 2013. Türkiye’deki bazı endemik türler ve süs bitkisi olarak kullanım olanakları. V. Süs Bitkileri Kongresi 06–09 Mayıs 2013 Yalova, s.748-752.
  • Probert, R.J., 2000. The Role of Temperature in the Regulation of Seed Dormancy and Germination. In: Fenner, M., Ed., Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities, 2nd Edition, CAB International, Wallingford, 261-292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994321.0261.
  • Scheiber, S.M., Gilman, E.F., Sandrock, D.R., Paz, M., Wiese, C., Brennan, M., 2008. Postestablishment landscape performance of Florida native and exotic shrubs under irrigated and nonirrigated conditions. HortTechnology 18: 59-67.
  • Shen, S.K., Wang, Y.H., Ma, H.Y., 2010. Seed germination requirements and responses to desiccation and storage of Apterosperma oblata (Theaceae), an endangered tree from south-eastern China: Implications for restoration. Plant Species Biology 25, 158–163.
  • Șuteu, D., Băcilă, I., Ursu, T., Coldea, G., 2012. Genetic diversity assessment of the Romanian populations of Onosma pseudoarenaria and Onosma arenaria. Contributii Botanice Cilt 47: 49-57.
  • Tiwari, U.K, Adhikari, B.S, Rawat, G.S., 2011. On the recollection and rediscovery of Onosma pyramidale Hook. F., Boraginaceae from Chamoli, Uttarakhand. Asian Journal of Pharmacy & Life Science 2011;1:2231-423.
  • Wei, Y., Li, M., Cui, S., Wang, D., Zhang, C.Y., Zen, K., Li, L., 2016. Shikonin ınhibits the proliferation of human breast cancer cells by reducing tumor-derived exosomes. Molecules 2016 Jun 16; 21(6).
  • Weigend, M., Gottsschling, M., Selvi, F., Hilger, H.H., 2009. Marbleseeds are gromwells–Systematics and evolution of Lithospermum and Allies (Boraginaceae tribe Lithospermeae) based on molecular and morphological data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52: 755-768.

A species for drought landscape applications; Production, ex-situ conservation and ornamental plant characteristics of Onosma armena DC.

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 135 - 148, 15.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1029524

Öz

Due to climate change and anthropogenic effects on the flora, the pressure on the endemic and rare species is increasing. Conservation of these species is necessary in accordance with national regulations and international agreements. Onosma armena DC. plant species is endemic and has a high tolerance to hard ecological conditions and drought. It has a high ornamental plant potential in terms of aesthetic properties. In this study, we aimed to determine the plant characteristics related to ornamental plant use, the development performance in natural and cultural conditions, the seed production methods, and the ex-situ conservation of Onosma armena DC. plant species. According to the findings, Onosma armena DC. plant species is suitable for use in xeriscape applications with an average of 52 days of flowering in the April-June period, with its yellow flower color, many flowers, spreading plant form, and performance in extremely dry conditions in its natural habitats. The best germination temperature was found to be at 20 °C. The best treatments for the germination of Onosma armena DC. seeds were determined as cold wet stratification at 40 °C for three months + soaking in 600 ppm GA3 (69.33%) solution for 24 hours and cold wet stratification (70.33%) in perlite at 4 °C for 4 months. With the seedlings obtained during the study, a garden was established for genetic resource, promotion, and ex-situ conservation in the culture medium, and the species was taken ex-situ conservation. The next cultivation studies will be carried out with the seeds and plants obtained from the resource garden without no more disturbing natural populations.

Proje Numarası

2018/AP/0011

Kaynakça

  • Aguirre, J.C., Velásquez, L.R.S., 2006. Seed ecology and germination treatments in Magnolia dealbata: An endangered species. Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 201(3), 227-232, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2005.07.004.
  • Alba, C., Moravcová, L., Pyšek, P., 2016. Geographic structuring and transgenerational maternal effects shape germination in native, but not in introduced, populations of a widespread plant invader. American Journal of Botany 103: 837–844. doi: 10.3732/ajb.1600099.
  • Bagheri, F., Tahvilian, R., Karimi, N., Chalabi, M., Azami, M., 2018. Shikonin Production by Callus Culture ofOnosma bulbotrichomas Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient. Iranian Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research: IJPR, 17(2), 495–504.
  • Baskin, C.C., Baskin, J.M., 2014. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination, second ed. Elsevier/Academic Press, San Diego.
  • Brzuszek, R.F., Harkess, R.L., Kelly, L., 2010. Survey of master gardener use of native plants in the Southeastern United States. HortTechnlogy 20: 462-466.
  • Bu, H., Du, G., Chen, X., Xu, X., Liu, K., & Wen, S., 2008. Community wide germination strategies in alpine meadow on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau: phylogenetic and life history correlates, Plant Ecology,195: 87-98.
  • Cerabolini, B., Ceriani, R.M., Caccianiga, M., Andreis, R.D., Raimondi, B., 2003. Seed size, shape and persistence in soil: a test on Italian flora from Alps to Mediterranean coasts. Seed Science Research, 13: 75–85.
  • Cesur, C., Coşge Şenkal, B., Uskutoğlu, T., Yaman, C., Yurteri, T., 2017. Pıtrak (Xanthium itrumarium L.) Tohumlarının En Uygun Çimlendirme Metotlarının Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma, TÜTAD. 4 (2): 124-130.
  • Chen, X., Yang, L., Zhang, N., Turpin, J.A., Buckheit, R.W., Osterling, C., Oppenheim, J.J., Howard, O.M., 2003. Shikonin, a component of chinese herbal medicine, inhibits chemokine receptor function and suppresses human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Sep; 47(9):2810-6.
  • Chen, S.Y., Shing-Rong, K., Ching-Te, C., 2008. Roles of gibberellins and abscisic acid in dormancy and germination of red bayberry (Myrica rubra) seeds. Tree Physioly 28: 1431-1439.
  • Chimonidou, D., Vlahos, J.C., Odysseos, M., Georgiou, K., Della, A., 2005. Evaluatıon Of Specıes From Cyprus Flora For Sustaınable Use In Commercıal Florıculture. Acta Horticulture. 683, 111-120 DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.683.10
  • Chung, B.Y., Lee, Y.B., Baek, M.H., Kim, J.H., Wi, S.G., Kim, J.S., 2006. Effects of low-dose gamma-irradiation on production of shikonin derivatives in callus cultures of Lithospermum erythrorhizon. Radiation Physics Chemistry 75:10 18–23.
  • Copeland, L.O., McDonald, M.B., 2001. Principles of Seed Science and Technology, 4th Edition. Springer Science+Business Media, New York.
  • Cousinse, S.R. Witkowski, T.F., Mycock, D.J., 2014. Seed storage and germination in kumara plicatilis, a tree aloe endemic to mountain fynbos in the boland, south-western cape, South Africa. South African Journal Of Botany, Volume 94, September 2014, p. 190-194
  • Dayan, S., Güler, N., Arda, H., Çolak, Ç., Aytaç, A., 2013. Yok Olmakta Olan Endemik Bellevalia edirnensis Özhatay & Mathew (Asparagaceae)’İn Mevcut Yayılışı ve Koruma Statüsü, Journal of Natural Sciences 14(2): 87-91, Issn 2147–0294.
  • De Pascale, S., Romano, D., 2019. Potential use of wild plants in floriculture. Acta Horticulture 1240, 87-98, DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2019.1240.15
  • Dietrich, S., 2008. Onosma rigida - New crop summary & recommendations series: ın; “new floricultural crops: formulation of production schedules for wild, nondomesticated species part of the requirements for horticultural science 5051: Plant Production II” University of Minnesota.
  • Doğan, S., Gündoğan, M., 2019. Evaluation of Changes Biological Activity of Onosma Sericeum Willd (Boraginaceae) Based on Collection Time and Extraction Solvent, and Determination of Its Mineral and Trace Element Composition. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry. 2019; 6(3): 355-364.
  • Adams, R.P., TeBeest, A.K., 2016. The effects of gibberellic acid (GA3), Ethrel, seed soaking and pre-treatment storage temperatures on seed germination of Helianthus annuus and H. petiolaris. Phytologia 98: 213-218.
  • Elias, S.G., Copeland, L.O., McDonald, M.B., 2012. Seed Testing-Principles and Practices. Michigan State University Press, Michigan.
  • Erken, K., Özzambak, M.E., 2011. Spartium junceum L.,Chamaecytisus hirsutus (L.) Link. veGenista lydia Boiss var. Lydia taksonlarının çoğaltım yöntemleri ve süs bitkisi özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir.
  • Erken, K., Özzambak, E., 2012. Spartium Junceum L.’de Tohum Çimlenmesi ve Süs Bitkisi Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi, Bahçe Dergisi 2012 (41)1, 9-23.
  • Eser, B., Saygılı, H., Gökçöl, A., İlker, E., 2005. Tohum Bilimi ve Teknolojisi. Cilt I-II, Ege Üniversitesi Tohum Teknolojisi Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Yayın No: 3, İzmir, 908 s.
  • Ge, F., Yuan, X., Wang, X., Zhao, B., Wang, Y., 2006. Cell growth and shikonin production of Arnebia euchroma in a periodically submerged airlift bioreactor. Biotechnology Letters 2006 Apr; 28(8):525-9.
  • Genç, M., 2005. Süs Bitkisi Yetiştiriciliği. 1. Cilt, Temel Üretme Teknikleri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Yayını, No. 55, Isparta, 369 s.
  • Gresta, F., Cristaudo, A., Onofri, A., Restuccia, A., Avola, G., 2010. Germination response of four pasture species to temperature, light, and post-harvest period. Plant Biosystems 144(4): 849–856.
  • Hartman, T.H., Kester, E.D., Davıes, T. F., 1990. Plant Propagation Principles and Practices. Fifth Edition, Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. p:647.
  • Hiloğlu, M., Yücel, E., Kandemir, A., Sözen, E., 2016. In vitro seed germination study in endemic plant Onosma discedens. Biological Diversity and Conservation. Biodicon Vol.9 (1): 92-96.
  • Iglesias, R.G., Babiano, M.J., 1997. Endogenous abscisic acid during the germination of chickpea seed. Physiologia Plantarum 100: 500-504
  • IUCN, 2014. Nesli Tükenme Tehlikesi Altında Olan Türlerin Kırmızı Listesi. http://www.iucn.org
  • Kandemir, A., Türkmen, Z. 2010. A new species of Onosma (Boraginaceae) from eastern Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 34 (4): 277-282.
  • Karaguzel, O., Girmen, B.. 2009. Morphological variations of chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus L.) genotypes from southern Anatolia. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 37: 253-261.
  • Karlsson, L.M., Milberg, P.A., 2007. Comperative study of germination ecology of four Papaver taxa Annals of Botany 99: 935-946.
  • Karlsson, L.M., Tamado, T., Milberg, P., 2008. Inter-species comparison of seed dormancy and germination of six annual Asteraceae weeds in an ecological context, Seed Science Research 18: 35-45.
  • Kırmızı, S., Arslan, H., Güleryüz, G., 2019. Soğuk stratifikasyon uygulamalarının endemik Muscari bourgaei tohumlarında çimlenme üzerine etkisi, I. International Ornamental Plants Congress, 9 - 11 October 2019, Bursa, Türkiye s. 46-50.
  • Kırmızı, S., Güleryüz, G., Arslan, H., 2017. Effects of environmental and storage conditions on the germination of Allium species. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 63:3470-3478.
  • Kolarčik, V., Zozomová-Lihová, J., Mártonfi, P., 2010. Systematics and evolutionary history of the Asterotricha group of the genus Onosma (Boraginaceae) in central and southern Europe inferred from AFLP and nrDNA ITS data, Plant Systematics and Evolution 290:21–45.
  • Leite, I.T.A., Takaki, M., 2001. Phytochrome and temperature control of seed germination in Muntingia calabura L. (Elaeocarpaceae). Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 44(3), 297-302. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132001000300012.
  • Nadjafi, F., Bannayan, M., Tabrizi, L., Rastgoo, M., 2006. Seed germination and dormancy breaking techniques for Ferula gummosa and Teucrium polium. Journal of Arid Environments 64(3): 542–547.
  • Nielsen, K.K., 1988. Dormancy in seeds from different positions on individual plants. Acta Horticulturae 226: 255-261.
  • Núñez, M.R., Calvo, L., 2000. Effect of high temperatures on seed germination ofPinus sylvestris and Pinus halepensis. Forest Ecology and Management 2000, 131, 183–190.
  • Özcan, T. 2009. Characterization of Onosma bracteosum Hausskn & Bornm and Onosma thracicum Velen Based on fatty acid compositions and tocopherol contents of the seed oils. European Journal of Biology 68:75–83.
  • Öztürk, A., Yiğit, N., 2013. Türkiye’deki bazı endemik türler ve süs bitkisi olarak kullanım olanakları. V. Süs Bitkileri Kongresi 06–09 Mayıs 2013 Yalova, s.748-752.
  • Probert, R.J., 2000. The Role of Temperature in the Regulation of Seed Dormancy and Germination. In: Fenner, M., Ed., Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities, 2nd Edition, CAB International, Wallingford, 261-292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994321.0261.
  • Scheiber, S.M., Gilman, E.F., Sandrock, D.R., Paz, M., Wiese, C., Brennan, M., 2008. Postestablishment landscape performance of Florida native and exotic shrubs under irrigated and nonirrigated conditions. HortTechnology 18: 59-67.
  • Shen, S.K., Wang, Y.H., Ma, H.Y., 2010. Seed germination requirements and responses to desiccation and storage of Apterosperma oblata (Theaceae), an endangered tree from south-eastern China: Implications for restoration. Plant Species Biology 25, 158–163.
  • Șuteu, D., Băcilă, I., Ursu, T., Coldea, G., 2012. Genetic diversity assessment of the Romanian populations of Onosma pseudoarenaria and Onosma arenaria. Contributii Botanice Cilt 47: 49-57.
  • Tiwari, U.K, Adhikari, B.S, Rawat, G.S., 2011. On the recollection and rediscovery of Onosma pyramidale Hook. F., Boraginaceae from Chamoli, Uttarakhand. Asian Journal of Pharmacy & Life Science 2011;1:2231-423.
  • Wei, Y., Li, M., Cui, S., Wang, D., Zhang, C.Y., Zen, K., Li, L., 2016. Shikonin ınhibits the proliferation of human breast cancer cells by reducing tumor-derived exosomes. Molecules 2016 Jun 16; 21(6).
  • Weigend, M., Gottsschling, M., Selvi, F., Hilger, H.H., 2009. Marbleseeds are gromwells–Systematics and evolution of Lithospermum and Allies (Boraginaceae tribe Lithospermeae) based on molecular and morphological data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52: 755-768.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği
Bölüm Yetiştirme
Yazarlar

Gül Yücel 0000-0003-3722-6479

Kamil Erken 0000-0003-3492-7683

Proje Numarası 2018/AP/0011
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Kasım 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yücel, G., & Erken, K. (2022). Kurakçıl peyzaj uygulamaları için bir tür; Onosma armena DC.’nın üretimi, ex-situ korunması ve süs bitkisi özellikleri. Ormancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 9(2), 135-148. https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1029524