Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 829 - 846, 16.12.2023
Öz
İş dünyası üç yıldır süren bir pandemi deneyimi yaşadı ve bu durum işgücünün verimliliği ve etkinliği üzerinde etkili oldu. Çalışanları refahı ve memnuniyeti etkili işgücü yönetimi için önemli olduğundan, kuruluşlar ve yetkililer, çalışanların refahını ve memnuniyetini pandemic sonrası dönemde bile ulaşılması gereken birincil hedef olarak belirlemektedir. Birçok ülke ve kuruluş, iş dünyasının ortaya çıkan gereksinimlerini karşılamak için stratejiler geliştirmiştir. Diğer ülkeler gibi, Türkiye'deki birçok çalışma grubu da evden çalışma uygulamalarını benimsemek zorunda kalmıştır. Performans, refah ve verimlilki konusunda önemli sayıda araştırma yapılmış olmasına rağmen, çalışanların evden çalışma memnuniyeti ve refahını inceleyen ampirik çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu tür çalışmalar, referans ve araştırma rehberi olarak kullanılmak üzere Türkiye’deki çalışanların evden çalışma memnuniyeti ve refahını incelemek ve ölçmek için bir anket tasarlanmış ve uygulanmıştır. Katılımcılar aralığı açısından, anket sonuçları, zorlukları, koşulları ve evden çalışma uygulamalarının yönlerini belirlemek için genelleştirilebilir ve Türkiye'deki uzaktan çalışma alanlarını tanımlayabilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Uzaktan çalışma çalışan konforu çalışma koşulları Covid-19 mekan özellikleri
Kaynakça
- Aaron, D. S., Dowling, B., Mugayar-Baldocchi, M. & Schaninger, B. (2021). ‘Great Attrition’ or ‘Great Attraction’? The choice is yours. McKinsey. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/people-and-organizational- performance/our-insights/great-attrition-or-great-attraction-the-choice-is-yours
- Bamberry, L., Neher, A., Jenkins, S., Sutton, C., Frost, M., Roberts, R., Dwivedi, A., Omeara, P. & Wong, A. (2022). A journal of the social and economic relations of work The impact of COVID-19 on the workplace well-being of police services in Australia. Labour & Industry: A Journal of the Social and Economic Relations of Work, 32(1), 28–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/10301763.2022.2034090
- BBC Worklife. (2020). Coronavirus: How the world of work may change forever. https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20201023-coronavirus-how-will-the-pandemic-change-the-way-we- work
- Bhushan, S., Brown, P., Stubbings, C., Mukherjee, C. & Davies, M. (2021). Hopes and fears 2021. Pwc. https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/upskilling/hopes-and-fears.html
- Billur, D. & Billur, İ. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemisi bağlamında sağlık mekanları üzerine bir değerlendirme. Mimarlık Bilimleri ve Uygulamaları Dergisi (MBUD), 5(2), 269–292. https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.735253
- Boyd, Mi., O’Keeffe, D. & Sheth, A. (2022). 5 keys to building a post-pandemic business. Fortune. https://fortune.com/2022/08/31/post-pandemic-business-guide-lessons/
- Craven, M., Staples, M. & Wilson, M. (2022). Ten lessons from the first two years of COVID-19. McKinsey. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare-systems-and-services/our-insights/ten-lessons-from-the- first-two-years-of-covid-19
- Cummins, C. & Johanson, S. (2020). Return to the office a whole new ball game: bring in the COVID captain. https://www.theage.com.au/business/companies/return-to-the-office-a-whole-new-ball-game-bring-in- the-covid-captain-20200504-p54pn6.html
- Dickler, J. (2021). For better or worse, working from home is here to stay. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/11/one- year-into-covid-working-from-home-is-here-to-stay.html
- Fida, R., Paciello, M., Watson, D. & Nayani, R. (2022). The protective role of work self-efficacy on wellbeing during COVID-19 pandemic : Results from a longitudinal year-long study. Personality and Individual Differences, 197(May), 111760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111760
- Francis, T., Madgavkar, A. & Smit, S. (2022). The path to sustainable and inclusive growth. McKinsey. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/the-path-to- sustainable-and-inclusive-growth
- George, T. J., Atwater, L. E., Maneethai, D. & Madera, J. M. (2022). Supporting the productivity and wellbeing of remote workers : Lessons from COVID-19. Organizational Dynamics, 51(2), 100869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2021.100869
- Hickok, H. (2021). Workers are heading back into the office, but men and women may not return to their desks equally. This could impact gender equality and advancement, keeping women behind in the workplace. https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20210503-are-men-dominated-offices-the-future-of-the-workplace
- Houweling, R., Power, A. & Smith, D. (2022). Parent health and well-being at home before and during COVID-19. Wellbeing, Space and Society, 3(April), 100082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wss.2022.100082
- Johanson, M. (2021). As companies shift to hybrid, the purpose of the office has changed. Workers will start seeing different floorplans, functions, and technologies. https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20210713- hybrid-work-what-the-office-could-look-like-now
- Jordan, T. & Baker, M. (2022). 9 Future of Work Trends Post Covid-19. Gartner.Com. https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/9-future-of-work-trends-post-covid-19
- Juchnowicz, M. & Kinowska, H. (2021). Employee well-being and digital work during the COVID-19 pandemic. Information (Switzerland), 12(8), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/info12080293
- Klein, K., Cameron, L. & Basiouny, A. (2022). Finding Balance in a Post-pandemic Workplace. Knowledge at Wharton Business Journal. https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/finding-balance-in-a-post- pandemic-workplace/
- Lemoine, P., Ebert, D., Koga, Y. & Bertin, C. (2022). Public interest and awareness regarding general health, sleep quality, and mental wellbeing during the early COVID-19 pandemic period: An exploration using Google trends. Sleep Epidemiology, 2(November 2021), 100017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleepe.2021.100017
- Lufkin, B. (2021). If the pandemic has taught us anything about work, it’s that we don’t need to be pulling long hours in an office to be productive. So, why is presenteeism still so important? https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20210604-why-presenteeism-always-wins-out-over-productivity
- Marczyk, G., DeMatteo, D. & Festinger, D. (2005). Essential of Research Design and Methodology. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Mars, L., Arroyo, R. & Ruiz, T. (2022). Mobility and well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown. Evidence from Spain. Transportatıon Research Part A, 161(May), 107–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2022.05.004
- McLaurin, J. P. (2022). 5 Trends Driving the New Post-Pandemic Workplace. Gensler.Com. https://www.gensler.com/blog/5-trends-driving-the-new-post-pandemic-workplace
- McMenamin, L. (2021). Some workers are calling for full-time remote work situations. But even with the chance to permanently work from home, some younger employees want time in the office, too. https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20210729-why-younger-workers-want-hybrid-work-most
- Morgan, K. (2021). Remote work is working. So, why do we need a physical space? https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20210721-whats-the-purpose-of-the-office-and-do-we-still-need-it
- Moss, J. (2022). The Pandemic Changed Us. Now Companies Have to Change Too. Harward Business Review. https://hbr.org/2022/07/the-pandemic-changed-us-now-companies-have-to-change-too
- Mostafa, B. A. (2021). The Effect of Remote Working on Employees Wellbeing and Work-Life Integration during Pandemic in Egypt. International Business Research, 14(3), 41. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v14n3p41
- O’Connor, B. (2021). Some companies want staff back in the office for more time than employees had anticipated. Workers like their set-ups, and even doubt bosses’ motives – so they’re resisting. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20210618-the-workers-pushing-back-on-the-return-to-the-office
- O’Connor, R. C., Wetherall, K., Cleare, S., McClelland, H., Melson, A. J., Niedzwiedz, C. L., O’Carroll, R. E., O’Connor, D. B., Platt, S., Scowcroft, E., Watson, B., Zortea, T., Ferguson, E. & Robb, K. A. (2021). Mental health and wellbeing during the Covid-19 pandemic: Longitudinal analysis of adults in the UK Covid-19 mental health & wellbeing study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 218, 326–333. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.212
- O'Connor, M., Conboy, K. & Dennehy, D. (2021). COVID-19 affected remote workers: a temporal analysis of information system development during the pandemic. Journal of Decision Systems, 00(00), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/12460125.2020.1861772
- Oğur, A. A., Özdede, S. & Kalonya, D. H. (2022). Post-Pandemic Urbanism from the Perspective of Healthy Cities : Evaluation of Urban Green Space Sufficiency in Denizli. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 7(1), 169–188. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1035878
- Olsen, K. M., Hildrum, J., Kummen, K. & Leirdal, C. (2023). How do young employees perceive stress and job engagement while working from home ? Evidence from a telecom operator during COVID-19. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 45(3), 762–775. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-05-2022-0230
- Osibanjo, R. (2022). The Post-Pandemic Office: How To Win Employees Back. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/richardosibanjo/2022/06/30/the-post-pandemic-office-how-to-win- employees-back/?sh=76690a827495
- Parker, K., Horowitz, J. M. & Minkin, R. (2020). How the Coronavirus Outbreak Has – and Hasn’t – Changed the Way Americans Work. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2020/12/09/how- the-coronavirus-outbreak-has-and-hasnt-changed-the-way-americans-work/
- Rubinstein, P. (2021). Hybrid arrangements are new to us all. Working out how to divide our tasks between home and the office will be crucial to success. https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20210716-hybrid-work-how-to- maximise-your-in-office-days
- Schifano, S., Clark, A. E., Greiff, S., Vögele, C. & D’Ambrosio, C. (2021). Well-being and working from home during COVID-19. Information Technology and People, ahead-of-p(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-01- 2021-0033
- Schwab, K. & Sternfels, B. (2022). Three keys to a resilient post-pandemic recovery. McKinsey. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/risk-and-resilience/our-insights/three-keys-to-a-resilient- postpandemic-recovery
- Selvaraj, P., Krishnamoorthy, A., Vivekanandhan, S. & Manoharan, H. (2022). COVID-19: A crisis or fortune? Examining the relationship between nature-relatedness and mental wellbeing during the pandemic. Heliyon, 8(4), e09327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09327
- Şentürk Sipahi, G. & Yamaçlı, R. (2021). Geleceği İnşa Etmek: Konut Binalarında Gün Işığı ve COVID-19 Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Mimarlık Bilimleri ve Uygulamaları Dergisi (MBUD), 6(1), 374–383. https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.874426
- Yeung, P. (2021). We assume remote work is here to stay – but some of the loudest voices in the corporate world are rallying to get employees back in offices. https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20210323-the- bosses-who-want-us-back-in-the-office
- Zion, S. R., Louis, K., Horii, R., Leibowitz, K., Heathcote, L. C. & Crum, A. J. (2022). Social Science & Medicine Making sense of a pandemic : Mindsets influence emotions, behaviors, health, and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social Science & Medicine, 301(March), 114889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114889
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 829 - 846, 16.12.2023
Öz
The business world has experienced a pandemic for three years, affecting the workforce's productivity and efficiency. Since workers' well-being and satisfaction are crucial to effective workforce management, organizations and authorities make the employee's well-being and satisfaction the primary target to be achieved even in the post-pandemic period. Many countries and organizations have developed strategies to meet the emerging requirements of the business world. Like other countries, many of the workgroups in Türkiye were also forced to adopt working-from-home (WFH) practices. Although a substantial number of research studies were conducted for investigating well-being and productivity, there is still a need for empirical studies investigating WFH satisfaction and the well-being of workers to be used as a reference and guide for research. A survey was designed and implemented among employees from Türkiye to inspect and measure negative and positive relations between the physical work environment, well-being, and satisfaction of WFH workers. Regarding the range of participants, the survey results could be generalized to illustrate challenges, conditions, and aspects of working-from-home practices in Türkiye to define remote working spaces.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Remote working employee comfort working conditions Covid-19 space features
Teşekkür
The article complies with national and international research and publication ethics. Ethics Committee approval in the study was taken from the Ethics Committee of the University of Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt with the decision no 2022-05.
Kaynakça
- Aaron, D. S., Dowling, B., Mugayar-Baldocchi, M. & Schaninger, B. (2021). ‘Great Attrition’ or ‘Great Attraction’? The choice is yours. McKinsey. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/people-and-organizational- performance/our-insights/great-attrition-or-great-attraction-the-choice-is-yours
- Bamberry, L., Neher, A., Jenkins, S., Sutton, C., Frost, M., Roberts, R., Dwivedi, A., Omeara, P. & Wong, A. (2022). A journal of the social and economic relations of work The impact of COVID-19 on the workplace well-being of police services in Australia. Labour & Industry: A Journal of the Social and Economic Relations of Work, 32(1), 28–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/10301763.2022.2034090
- BBC Worklife. (2020). Coronavirus: How the world of work may change forever. https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20201023-coronavirus-how-will-the-pandemic-change-the-way-we- work
- Bhushan, S., Brown, P., Stubbings, C., Mukherjee, C. & Davies, M. (2021). Hopes and fears 2021. Pwc. https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/upskilling/hopes-and-fears.html
- Billur, D. & Billur, İ. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemisi bağlamında sağlık mekanları üzerine bir değerlendirme. Mimarlık Bilimleri ve Uygulamaları Dergisi (MBUD), 5(2), 269–292. https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.735253
- Boyd, Mi., O’Keeffe, D. & Sheth, A. (2022). 5 keys to building a post-pandemic business. Fortune. https://fortune.com/2022/08/31/post-pandemic-business-guide-lessons/
- Craven, M., Staples, M. & Wilson, M. (2022). Ten lessons from the first two years of COVID-19. McKinsey. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare-systems-and-services/our-insights/ten-lessons-from-the- first-two-years-of-covid-19
- Cummins, C. & Johanson, S. (2020). Return to the office a whole new ball game: bring in the COVID captain. https://www.theage.com.au/business/companies/return-to-the-office-a-whole-new-ball-game-bring-in- the-covid-captain-20200504-p54pn6.html
- Dickler, J. (2021). For better or worse, working from home is here to stay. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/11/one- year-into-covid-working-from-home-is-here-to-stay.html
- Fida, R., Paciello, M., Watson, D. & Nayani, R. (2022). The protective role of work self-efficacy on wellbeing during COVID-19 pandemic : Results from a longitudinal year-long study. Personality and Individual Differences, 197(May), 111760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111760
- Francis, T., Madgavkar, A. & Smit, S. (2022). The path to sustainable and inclusive growth. McKinsey. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/the-path-to- sustainable-and-inclusive-growth
- George, T. J., Atwater, L. E., Maneethai, D. & Madera, J. M. (2022). Supporting the productivity and wellbeing of remote workers : Lessons from COVID-19. Organizational Dynamics, 51(2), 100869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2021.100869
- Hickok, H. (2021). Workers are heading back into the office, but men and women may not return to their desks equally. This could impact gender equality and advancement, keeping women behind in the workplace. https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20210503-are-men-dominated-offices-the-future-of-the-workplace
- Houweling, R., Power, A. & Smith, D. (2022). Parent health and well-being at home before and during COVID-19. Wellbeing, Space and Society, 3(April), 100082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wss.2022.100082
- Johanson, M. (2021). As companies shift to hybrid, the purpose of the office has changed. Workers will start seeing different floorplans, functions, and technologies. https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20210713- hybrid-work-what-the-office-could-look-like-now
- Jordan, T. & Baker, M. (2022). 9 Future of Work Trends Post Covid-19. Gartner.Com. https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/9-future-of-work-trends-post-covid-19
- Juchnowicz, M. & Kinowska, H. (2021). Employee well-being and digital work during the COVID-19 pandemic. Information (Switzerland), 12(8), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/info12080293
- Klein, K., Cameron, L. & Basiouny, A. (2022). Finding Balance in a Post-pandemic Workplace. Knowledge at Wharton Business Journal. https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/finding-balance-in-a-post- pandemic-workplace/
- Lemoine, P., Ebert, D., Koga, Y. & Bertin, C. (2022). Public interest and awareness regarding general health, sleep quality, and mental wellbeing during the early COVID-19 pandemic period: An exploration using Google trends. Sleep Epidemiology, 2(November 2021), 100017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleepe.2021.100017
- Lufkin, B. (2021). If the pandemic has taught us anything about work, it’s that we don’t need to be pulling long hours in an office to be productive. So, why is presenteeism still so important? https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20210604-why-presenteeism-always-wins-out-over-productivity
- Marczyk, G., DeMatteo, D. & Festinger, D. (2005). Essential of Research Design and Methodology. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Mars, L., Arroyo, R. & Ruiz, T. (2022). Mobility and well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown. Evidence from Spain. Transportatıon Research Part A, 161(May), 107–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2022.05.004
- McLaurin, J. P. (2022). 5 Trends Driving the New Post-Pandemic Workplace. Gensler.Com. https://www.gensler.com/blog/5-trends-driving-the-new-post-pandemic-workplace
- McMenamin, L. (2021). Some workers are calling for full-time remote work situations. But even with the chance to permanently work from home, some younger employees want time in the office, too. https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20210729-why-younger-workers-want-hybrid-work-most
- Morgan, K. (2021). Remote work is working. So, why do we need a physical space? https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20210721-whats-the-purpose-of-the-office-and-do-we-still-need-it
- Moss, J. (2022). The Pandemic Changed Us. Now Companies Have to Change Too. Harward Business Review. https://hbr.org/2022/07/the-pandemic-changed-us-now-companies-have-to-change-too
- Mostafa, B. A. (2021). The Effect of Remote Working on Employees Wellbeing and Work-Life Integration during Pandemic in Egypt. International Business Research, 14(3), 41. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v14n3p41
- O’Connor, B. (2021). Some companies want staff back in the office for more time than employees had anticipated. Workers like their set-ups, and even doubt bosses’ motives – so they’re resisting. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20210618-the-workers-pushing-back-on-the-return-to-the-office
- O’Connor, R. C., Wetherall, K., Cleare, S., McClelland, H., Melson, A. J., Niedzwiedz, C. L., O’Carroll, R. E., O’Connor, D. B., Platt, S., Scowcroft, E., Watson, B., Zortea, T., Ferguson, E. & Robb, K. A. (2021). Mental health and wellbeing during the Covid-19 pandemic: Longitudinal analysis of adults in the UK Covid-19 mental health & wellbeing study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 218, 326–333. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.212
- O'Connor, M., Conboy, K. & Dennehy, D. (2021). COVID-19 affected remote workers: a temporal analysis of information system development during the pandemic. Journal of Decision Systems, 00(00), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/12460125.2020.1861772
- Oğur, A. A., Özdede, S. & Kalonya, D. H. (2022). Post-Pandemic Urbanism from the Perspective of Healthy Cities : Evaluation of Urban Green Space Sufficiency in Denizli. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 7(1), 169–188. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1035878
- Olsen, K. M., Hildrum, J., Kummen, K. & Leirdal, C. (2023). How do young employees perceive stress and job engagement while working from home ? Evidence from a telecom operator during COVID-19. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 45(3), 762–775. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-05-2022-0230
- Osibanjo, R. (2022). The Post-Pandemic Office: How To Win Employees Back. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/richardosibanjo/2022/06/30/the-post-pandemic-office-how-to-win- employees-back/?sh=76690a827495
- Parker, K., Horowitz, J. M. & Minkin, R. (2020). How the Coronavirus Outbreak Has – and Hasn’t – Changed the Way Americans Work. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2020/12/09/how- the-coronavirus-outbreak-has-and-hasnt-changed-the-way-americans-work/
- Rubinstein, P. (2021). Hybrid arrangements are new to us all. Working out how to divide our tasks between home and the office will be crucial to success. https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20210716-hybrid-work-how-to- maximise-your-in-office-days
- Schifano, S., Clark, A. E., Greiff, S., Vögele, C. & D’Ambrosio, C. (2021). Well-being and working from home during COVID-19. Information Technology and People, ahead-of-p(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-01- 2021-0033
- Schwab, K. & Sternfels, B. (2022). Three keys to a resilient post-pandemic recovery. McKinsey. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/risk-and-resilience/our-insights/three-keys-to-a-resilient- postpandemic-recovery
- Selvaraj, P., Krishnamoorthy, A., Vivekanandhan, S. & Manoharan, H. (2022). COVID-19: A crisis or fortune? Examining the relationship between nature-relatedness and mental wellbeing during the pandemic. Heliyon, 8(4), e09327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09327
- Şentürk Sipahi, G. & Yamaçlı, R. (2021). Geleceği İnşa Etmek: Konut Binalarında Gün Işığı ve COVID-19 Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Mimarlık Bilimleri ve Uygulamaları Dergisi (MBUD), 6(1), 374–383. https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.874426
- Yeung, P. (2021). We assume remote work is here to stay – but some of the loudest voices in the corporate world are rallying to get employees back in offices. https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20210323-the- bosses-who-want-us-back-in-the-office
- Zion, S. R., Louis, K., Horii, R., Leibowitz, K., Heathcote, L. C. & Crum, A. J. (2022). Social Science & Medicine Making sense of a pandemic : Mindsets influence emotions, behaviors, health, and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social Science & Medicine, 301(March), 114889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114889
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mimarlık (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 16 Aralık 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 22 Mayıs 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2 |
