SPOR DALLARINDA SEVİNÇ RİTÜELLERİ VE BEDEN DİLİNİN ETKİLEŞİMİ: FUTBOLCULAR ÜZERİNE GÖSTERGEBİLİMSEL BİR ANALİZ
Öz
Bireylerin iletişimsel ve davranışsal eylem alanını tanımlayan beden dili, kimliğin önemli bir göstergesidir. Toplumsal yaşamda bir ifade biçimi olarak jest ve mimikler gibi önemli beden dili araçlarını anlamlı hale getiren duygusal tepkimeler, etkileşim konusunu da şekillendirmektedir. Beden dilinin etkin bir biçimde kullanıldığı önemli ortamlardan birisi sportif mücadelelerdir. Sportif branşlar içerisinde futbol, dünyada en yüksek katılım ve etkileşim düzeyine sahiptir. Futbolda, kulüpleri tanımlayan ögeler arasında şarkılar, kareografiler, maskotlar ile simgeleşmiş statlar yer almaktadır. Futbolcular, fiziksel yapıları, futbol yetenekleri ve başarılarının yanı sıra beden dilleri üzerinden marka değerlerini artırabilmektedir. Futbolun en yüksek duygusal anları ise gol ile biçimlenmektedir. Gol anında taraftarların yaşadığı sevinç ile futbolcuların sevinme biçimleri arasında anlamlı bir etkileşim bulunmaktadır. Futbolcuların gol sevinçleri, kimi zaman golün de önüne geçebilmektedir. Futbolcuların, farklı duygusal ve kültürel yapıda olmaları farklı sevinç ritüellerini de ortaya çıkarabilmektedir. Seyirci üzerinde motivasyon ve rahatlama sağlayan sevinç ritüelleri, futbolcuların marka ve patent değerlerinin yanı sıra reklam ve sponsorluk gibi diğer alanlar üzerinde de önemli katkılar sağlayabilmektedir. Ritüeller, mikro-sosyolojik bir alandan, kişisel marka yönetimi ve yan anlam düzeyinde etkileşimli anlatılara dönüşmektedir. Bu çalışmada, futbolcuların sevinç ritüellerini yansıtan ikonik fotoğraflar, göstergebilimsel çözümleme üzerinden incelenmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sevinç Ritüeli Beden Dili Sembolik Etkileşimcilik Kuramı C. Ronaldo Göstergebilimsel Analiz.
Kaynakça
- Akyol, Y. (2009). Dinsel ritüeller ve modern milliyetçilikte ritüel inşası: şehit cenazeleri, (Yayımlanmamış yüksek Lisans tezi), İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Kültürel İncelemeler Yüksek Lisans Programı.
- Argyle, M., & Beit-Hallahmi, B. (1975). The social psychology of religion. UK: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
- Bauer, HH., Stokburger-Sauer, N.E., & Exler, S. (2008), Brand Image and Fan Loyalty in Professional Team Sport: A Refined Model and Empirical Assessment, Journal of Sport Management, vol. 22, no. 2, 205-226.
- Bell, C. (2009). Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice. UK: Oxford University Press Inc.
- Bell, C. (1987). Discourse and dichotomies: The structure of ritual theory. Religion, vol.17, 95-118.
- Birrell, S., & Donnelly, P. (2004). Reclaiming Goffman: Erving Goffman’s Influence on the Sociology of Sport, 49-64, (in) Sport and Modern Social Theorists (ed) Richard Giulianotti. US:Palgrave Macmillan.
- Birrell, S. (1981). Sport as Ritual: Interpretations from Durkheim to Goffman Author(s): Susan Birrell. Social Forces, Vol. 60, No. 2, Special Issue (Dec., 1981), 354-376, London: Oxford University Press.
- Boorstin, D. (1992). The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America. 57-61, US: Random House.
- Bromberger, C. (1995). Football As World-View And As Ritual. French Cultural Studies, 1995 6: 293 DOI: 10.1177/095715589500601803
- Blumer, H. (1975). Comments on parsons as a symbolic interactionist. Sociological Inquiry, 45, 59-62.
- Bush, A.J., Martin, C.A., & Bush, V.D. (2004). Sports Celebrity Influence On the Behavioral Intentions of Generation Y, Journal of Advertising Research, 44, (1), 108-118.
- Cazeneuve, J. (1971). Sociologie Du Rite, France: PUF.
- Collins, R. (2004). Interaction Ritual Chains. US: Princeton University Press.
- Collins, R. (1990). Stratification, emotional energy, and the transient emotions, in T. Kemper, ed., Research Agendas in the Sociology of Emotions, US: State University of New York Press.
- Cooley, C. H. (1992). Human nature and the social order. US: Transaction Publishers.
- Debord, G. (1996). Gösteri toplumu. (Translated by Ayşen Emekçi and Okşan Taşkent), Ayrıntı Yayınları.
- Dewey, J. (2010). John Dewey’s philosophy of spirit, with 1897 lecture on Hegel. (Ed.) Shook, John R., Good, James Allen. US: Fordham University Press.
- Dewey, J. (2008). The Latter Works, 1925-1953. Cilt 12, Logic, The Theory of Inquiry. Edt. Jo Ann Boydson. US: Southern Illinois University Press.
- Erikson, E. (1966). Ontogeny of ritualization in man, (in) J. Huxley (convenor), A Discussion of the Ritualization of Behaviour in Animals and Man. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 251, (772).
- Fichter, J. (1999). Sosyoloji nedir? (Translated by Nilgün Çelebi). İstanbul: Atilla Kitabevi
- Garland, R. (2010). Celebrity ancient and modern, Soc (2010) 47: 484–488. DOI 10.1007/s12115-010-9365-8
- Goffman, E. (2017). Etkileşim ritüelleri: Yüz Yüze Davranış Üzerine Denemeler. İstanbul: Heretik.
- Goffman, E. (2009). Günlük yaşamda benliğin sunumu (Translated by B. Cezar). İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
- Goffman, E. (1986). Frame analysis. US: Northeastern University Press.
- Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis. US: Harper and Row.
- Goffman, E. (1967). On face-work: An analysis of ritual elements in social interaction. Reflections, 4(3),7-13.
- Goffman, E. (1959). The Presentation of self in everyday life. US: Doubleday Anchor.
- Gokulu, G. (2019). Sembolik etkileşimci teorinin gündelik yaşam sosyolojisine katkıları, Ekev Akademi Dergisi, Yıl:23, Sayı: 80, Güz 2019, 173-190.
- Grimes, R.L. (1990). Ritual criticism. Columbia: University Of South Carolina Press.
- Hassan, D. (2013). Introduction: What makes a Sporting Icon, Sport in History, 33:4, 417-426, DOI: 10.1080/17460263.2013.850263
- Horton R. & Wohl, R. (1956). Mass communication and para-social interaction: observation on intimacy at a distance, Psychiatry, 19(3), 188-211.
- Hughes, Everett C. (1957). The American journal of society. US: The University of Chicago Press. Jones, M.J., & Schumann, D.W. (2000). The strategic use of celebrity athlete endorsers in Sports Illustrated: an historic perspective, Sport Marketing Quarterly, Vol. 9 No. 2, 65-76.
- Klimmt, C., Hartmann, T. & Schramm, H. (2011). Parasocial ınteractions and relationships. J. Bryant ve P. Vorderer (Der.). Psychology of Entertainment. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 291-314.
- McCracken, G. (1989). Who is the celebrity endorser? Cultural foundations of the endorsement process. Journal of Consumer Research 16 (3): 310-322.
- McDonald, M., & Walton, M. J. (2007). Cambridge companion to greek and roman theatre. London: Cambridge University Press.
- Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self, and society: from the standpoint of a social behaviorist. University of Chicago Press.
THE INTERACTION OF JOY RITUALS AND BODY LANGUAGE IN SPORTS BRANCHES: A SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS ON FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Öz
Body language, which defines the communicative and behavioral sphere of action of individuals, is an important indicator of identity. Emotional reactions that make important body language tools such as gestures and facial expressions meaningful as a form of expression in social life also shape the subject of interaction. One of the important environments in which body language is used effectively is sports struggles. Among the sports branches, football has the highest level of participation and interaction in the world. In football, the elements Deciphering clubs include songs, choreographies, mascots and symbolized stadiums. In addition to their physical structures, football abilities and achievements, football players can increase their brand values through their body language. The highest emotional moments of football are shaped by goals. There is a meaningful interaction between the joy experienced by the fans at the time of the goal and the Decency of the players. The goal joys of football players can sometimes get in the way of goals. The fact that football players have different emotional and cultural structures can also reveal different joy rituals. Joy rituals that provide motivation and relaxation on the audience can make important contributions to the brand and patent values of football players, as well as other areas such as advertising and sponsorship. Rituals are turning from a micro sociological field into interactive narratives at the level of personal brand management and side meaning. In this study, iconic photographs reflecting the joy rituals of football players are examined through semiotic analysis.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Joy Ritual Body Language Symbolic Interactionism Theory C. Ronaldo Semiotic Analysis.
Kaynakça
- Akyol, Y. (2009). Dinsel ritüeller ve modern milliyetçilikte ritüel inşası: şehit cenazeleri, (Yayımlanmamış yüksek Lisans tezi), İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Kültürel İncelemeler Yüksek Lisans Programı.
- Argyle, M., & Beit-Hallahmi, B. (1975). The social psychology of religion. UK: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
- Bauer, HH., Stokburger-Sauer, N.E., & Exler, S. (2008), Brand Image and Fan Loyalty in Professional Team Sport: A Refined Model and Empirical Assessment, Journal of Sport Management, vol. 22, no. 2, 205-226.
- Bell, C. (2009). Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice. UK: Oxford University Press Inc.
- Bell, C. (1987). Discourse and dichotomies: The structure of ritual theory. Religion, vol.17, 95-118.
- Birrell, S., & Donnelly, P. (2004). Reclaiming Goffman: Erving Goffman’s Influence on the Sociology of Sport, 49-64, (in) Sport and Modern Social Theorists (ed) Richard Giulianotti. US:Palgrave Macmillan.
- Birrell, S. (1981). Sport as Ritual: Interpretations from Durkheim to Goffman Author(s): Susan Birrell. Social Forces, Vol. 60, No. 2, Special Issue (Dec., 1981), 354-376, London: Oxford University Press.
- Boorstin, D. (1992). The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America. 57-61, US: Random House.
- Bromberger, C. (1995). Football As World-View And As Ritual. French Cultural Studies, 1995 6: 293 DOI: 10.1177/095715589500601803
- Blumer, H. (1975). Comments on parsons as a symbolic interactionist. Sociological Inquiry, 45, 59-62.
- Bush, A.J., Martin, C.A., & Bush, V.D. (2004). Sports Celebrity Influence On the Behavioral Intentions of Generation Y, Journal of Advertising Research, 44, (1), 108-118.
- Cazeneuve, J. (1971). Sociologie Du Rite, France: PUF.
- Collins, R. (2004). Interaction Ritual Chains. US: Princeton University Press.
- Collins, R. (1990). Stratification, emotional energy, and the transient emotions, in T. Kemper, ed., Research Agendas in the Sociology of Emotions, US: State University of New York Press.
- Cooley, C. H. (1992). Human nature and the social order. US: Transaction Publishers.
- Debord, G. (1996). Gösteri toplumu. (Translated by Ayşen Emekçi and Okşan Taşkent), Ayrıntı Yayınları.
- Dewey, J. (2010). John Dewey’s philosophy of spirit, with 1897 lecture on Hegel. (Ed.) Shook, John R., Good, James Allen. US: Fordham University Press.
- Dewey, J. (2008). The Latter Works, 1925-1953. Cilt 12, Logic, The Theory of Inquiry. Edt. Jo Ann Boydson. US: Southern Illinois University Press.
- Erikson, E. (1966). Ontogeny of ritualization in man, (in) J. Huxley (convenor), A Discussion of the Ritualization of Behaviour in Animals and Man. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 251, (772).
- Fichter, J. (1999). Sosyoloji nedir? (Translated by Nilgün Çelebi). İstanbul: Atilla Kitabevi
- Garland, R. (2010). Celebrity ancient and modern, Soc (2010) 47: 484–488. DOI 10.1007/s12115-010-9365-8
- Goffman, E. (2017). Etkileşim ritüelleri: Yüz Yüze Davranış Üzerine Denemeler. İstanbul: Heretik.
- Goffman, E. (2009). Günlük yaşamda benliğin sunumu (Translated by B. Cezar). İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
- Goffman, E. (1986). Frame analysis. US: Northeastern University Press.
- Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis. US: Harper and Row.
- Goffman, E. (1967). On face-work: An analysis of ritual elements in social interaction. Reflections, 4(3),7-13.
- Goffman, E. (1959). The Presentation of self in everyday life. US: Doubleday Anchor.
- Gokulu, G. (2019). Sembolik etkileşimci teorinin gündelik yaşam sosyolojisine katkıları, Ekev Akademi Dergisi, Yıl:23, Sayı: 80, Güz 2019, 173-190.
- Grimes, R.L. (1990). Ritual criticism. Columbia: University Of South Carolina Press.
- Hassan, D. (2013). Introduction: What makes a Sporting Icon, Sport in History, 33:4, 417-426, DOI: 10.1080/17460263.2013.850263
- Horton R. & Wohl, R. (1956). Mass communication and para-social interaction: observation on intimacy at a distance, Psychiatry, 19(3), 188-211.
- Hughes, Everett C. (1957). The American journal of society. US: The University of Chicago Press. Jones, M.J., & Schumann, D.W. (2000). The strategic use of celebrity athlete endorsers in Sports Illustrated: an historic perspective, Sport Marketing Quarterly, Vol. 9 No. 2, 65-76.
- Klimmt, C., Hartmann, T. & Schramm, H. (2011). Parasocial ınteractions and relationships. J. Bryant ve P. Vorderer (Der.). Psychology of Entertainment. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 291-314.
- McCracken, G. (1989). Who is the celebrity endorser? Cultural foundations of the endorsement process. Journal of Consumer Research 16 (3): 310-322.
- McDonald, M., & Walton, M. J. (2007). Cambridge companion to greek and roman theatre. London: Cambridge University Press.
- Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self, and society: from the standpoint of a social behaviorist. University of Chicago Press.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Radyo-Televizyon |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 12 Haziran 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 15 Mart 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 42 |
