Öz
Due to the increasing demand for water resources worldwide, this commodity and its spatial and temporal properties are of the interest for decision makers and scientists. On the other hand, the accuracy in detecting the physical characteristics of the water flow such as velocity is among the most important aspects of the hydraulic studies. The pitot tube, which is not widely used in the open channel hydraulic practices, is one of the equipment used for determination of the flow velocity. In this study, we have addressed the design, fabrication, and laboratory experiments related to a pitot tube to investigate its applicability for open channel experiments. A 3D-printed pitot-tube is designed and used in a set of experiments carried out in an open channel, with different flow rates (three experiments). As a result, the relative error rates were interpreted by comparing the velocity rates obtained with the help of the water level difference in the differential manometer (Vm) and the velocity rates obtained from the flow continuity equation in the open channel (Vo). Results indicated a 50% bias, while the scatter analysis showed that the associated deviations match a linear equation and once used in the interpretation of the results, the linear transformation reveals a 3% bias in the experiments.
Anahtar Kelimeler
3D-printer Flow velocity Open channel hydraulics Pitot- tube design
Destekleyen Kurum
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Proje Numarası
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Kaynakça
- Cheng, N. S. (2007). Power-Law Index for Velocity Profiles in Open Channel Flows. Advances in Water Resources, 30(8), 1775-1784.
- Węcel, D., Chmielniak, T., & Kotowicz, J. (2008). Experimental and numerical investigations of the averaging Pitot tube and analysis of installation effects on the flow coefficient. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 19(5), 301-306.
- González, J. A., Melching, C. S., & Oberg, K. A. (1999). Analysis of open-channel velocity measurements collected with an acoustic Doppler current profiler. 1st International Conference on New/Emerging Concepts for Rivers, IWR Association. Chicago, USA, September.
- Hyun, B. S., Balachandar, R., Yu, K., & Patel, V. C. (2003). Assessment of Piv To Measure Mean Velocity And Turbulence in Open-Channel Flow. Experiments in Fluids, 35(3), 262-267.
- Araújo, J. C. D., & Chaudhry, F. H. (1998). Experimental Evaluation of 2-D Entropy Model For Open-Channel Flow. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 124(10), 1064-1067.
- Bagherimiyab, F., & Lemmin, U. (2013). Shear Velocity Estimates in Rough‐Bed Open‐Channel Flow. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 38(14), 1714-1724.
- Chiu, C. L., & Said, C. A. A. (1995). Maximum and Mean Velocities And Entropy in Open-Channel Flow. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 121(1), 26-35.
- Tarım Ve Orman Bakanlığı (2021). Hidrometrik Ölçüm Yönergesi. Ankara: Etüt, Planlama Ve Tahsisler.
- Yurtseven, B.R., & Kalkavan, S. (2013). Hidrometri (Su ölçümü) Uygulamalarında Debi Ölçümleri. DSİ, 2020.
- Meral, R., & Benli, A. (2013). Türkiye akarsuları akım ölçümlerinde mevcut durum ve alternatif yöntemlerin değerlendirilmesi. Sakarya University Journal of Science, 17(3), 477-481.
- Klopfenstein Jr, R. (1998). Air velocity and flow measurement using a Pitot tube. ISA transactions, 37(4), 257-263.
- Brown, G. O. (2003). Henry Darcy's perfection of the Pitot tube. Henry PG Darcy and other pioneers in hydraulics: contributions in celebration of the 200th birthday of Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, 14-23.
- Taylor, G. I. (1938). Measurements with a half-pitot tube. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 166(927), 476-481.
- Korkmaz, S., & Ghaznawi, N. A. (2019). Numerical and Experimental Modeling of Flow Over a Broad-Crested Weir. Sakarya University Journal of Sciences 23(2), 252-258.
- Care, I., & Fourneaux, F. (2020). Investigation of the pressure response of different Pitot tubes. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 72, 101714.
- Ghaznawi, N. A. (2019). Geniş Tepeli Savak Üzerinden Geçen Akımın Sayısal ve Deneysel Modeli. Yüksek Lisans Tezi . Bursa: T.C. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
- Demirel, İ. H. (2021). Küçük Akarsu Havzalarında Hidroenerji. Doktora Tezi. T.C. Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
- Folsom, R. G. (1956). Review of the Pitot tube. Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 78(7), 1447-1460.
- Berkün, M. (2019). Akışkanlar Mekaniği Ve Hidrolik. İstanbul: Literatür Yayınları.
- Al-Hadhrami, L. M., Shaahid, S. M., Tunde, L. O., & Al-Sarkhi, A. (2014). Experimental study on the flow regimes and pressure gradients of air-oil-water three-phase flow in horizontal pipes. The Scientific World Journal.
- Ghosh, S. N., & Roy, N. (1970). Boundary shear distribution in open channel flow. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 96(4), 967-994.
- Almeida, A. S., & Souza, V. C. B. D. (2017). An alternative method for measuring velocities in open-channel flows: performance evaluation of a Pitot tube compared to an acoustic meter (Technical Note). Brazilian Journal of Water Resources, 22(26), 1-14.
- Brown, G. O. (2003). Henry Darcy's perfection of the Pitot tube. In Henry PG Darcy and Other Pioneers in Hydraulics (pp. 14-23). ASCE Library, USA.
Öz
Proje Numarası
-
Kaynakça
- Cheng, N. S. (2007). Power-Law Index for Velocity Profiles in Open Channel Flows. Advances in Water Resources, 30(8), 1775-1784.
- Węcel, D., Chmielniak, T., & Kotowicz, J. (2008). Experimental and numerical investigations of the averaging Pitot tube and analysis of installation effects on the flow coefficient. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 19(5), 301-306.
- González, J. A., Melching, C. S., & Oberg, K. A. (1999). Analysis of open-channel velocity measurements collected with an acoustic Doppler current profiler. 1st International Conference on New/Emerging Concepts for Rivers, IWR Association. Chicago, USA, September.
- Hyun, B. S., Balachandar, R., Yu, K., & Patel, V. C. (2003). Assessment of Piv To Measure Mean Velocity And Turbulence in Open-Channel Flow. Experiments in Fluids, 35(3), 262-267.
- Araújo, J. C. D., & Chaudhry, F. H. (1998). Experimental Evaluation of 2-D Entropy Model For Open-Channel Flow. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 124(10), 1064-1067.
- Bagherimiyab, F., & Lemmin, U. (2013). Shear Velocity Estimates in Rough‐Bed Open‐Channel Flow. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 38(14), 1714-1724.
- Chiu, C. L., & Said, C. A. A. (1995). Maximum and Mean Velocities And Entropy in Open-Channel Flow. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 121(1), 26-35.
- Tarım Ve Orman Bakanlığı (2021). Hidrometrik Ölçüm Yönergesi. Ankara: Etüt, Planlama Ve Tahsisler.
- Yurtseven, B.R., & Kalkavan, S. (2013). Hidrometri (Su ölçümü) Uygulamalarında Debi Ölçümleri. DSİ, 2020.
- Meral, R., & Benli, A. (2013). Türkiye akarsuları akım ölçümlerinde mevcut durum ve alternatif yöntemlerin değerlendirilmesi. Sakarya University Journal of Science, 17(3), 477-481.
- Klopfenstein Jr, R. (1998). Air velocity and flow measurement using a Pitot tube. ISA transactions, 37(4), 257-263.
- Brown, G. O. (2003). Henry Darcy's perfection of the Pitot tube. Henry PG Darcy and other pioneers in hydraulics: contributions in celebration of the 200th birthday of Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, 14-23.
- Taylor, G. I. (1938). Measurements with a half-pitot tube. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 166(927), 476-481.
- Korkmaz, S., & Ghaznawi, N. A. (2019). Numerical and Experimental Modeling of Flow Over a Broad-Crested Weir. Sakarya University Journal of Sciences 23(2), 252-258.
- Care, I., & Fourneaux, F. (2020). Investigation of the pressure response of different Pitot tubes. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 72, 101714.
- Ghaznawi, N. A. (2019). Geniş Tepeli Savak Üzerinden Geçen Akımın Sayısal ve Deneysel Modeli. Yüksek Lisans Tezi . Bursa: T.C. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
- Demirel, İ. H. (2021). Küçük Akarsu Havzalarında Hidroenerji. Doktora Tezi. T.C. Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
- Folsom, R. G. (1956). Review of the Pitot tube. Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 78(7), 1447-1460.
- Berkün, M. (2019). Akışkanlar Mekaniği Ve Hidrolik. İstanbul: Literatür Yayınları.
- Al-Hadhrami, L. M., Shaahid, S. M., Tunde, L. O., & Al-Sarkhi, A. (2014). Experimental study on the flow regimes and pressure gradients of air-oil-water three-phase flow in horizontal pipes. The Scientific World Journal.
- Ghosh, S. N., & Roy, N. (1970). Boundary shear distribution in open channel flow. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 96(4), 967-994.
- Almeida, A. S., & Souza, V. C. B. D. (2017). An alternative method for measuring velocities in open-channel flows: performance evaluation of a Pitot tube compared to an acoustic meter (Technical Note). Brazilian Journal of Water Resources, 22(26), 1-14.
- Brown, G. O. (2003). Henry Darcy's perfection of the Pitot tube. In Henry PG Darcy and Other Pioneers in Hydraulics (pp. 14-23). ASCE Library, USA.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | İnşaat Mühendisliği, Hidromekanik |
| Bölüm | Research Articles |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | - |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 13 Ekim 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 20 Aralık 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2 |
Kaynak Göster
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