Mobile Data Collection in Smart City Applications: The Impact of Precedence-based Route Planning on Data Latency
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 22 - 34, 15.06.2020
İzzet Fatih Şentürk
,
Siratigui Coulıbaly
Öz
Data collection is one of the key building blocks of smart city applications. Sheer number of sensors deployed across the city generate huge amount of data continuously. Due to their limited transmission range, sensors form a sensor network with a base station. The base station acts as a gateway between the network and the remote user and the generated data is collected by the base station. However, due to sensor locations and the transmission range the network may consist of several partitions. A typical solution is employing one or more mobile element(s) to collect data from partitions periodically. Mobile data collection enables intermittent connectivity between sensors and the base station. The major drawback of mobile data collection is increased data latency depending on the velocity of the mobiles. Another challenge is specifying importance for individual sensors in a smart city application. This study evaluates the impact of precedence-based routing of mobiles on data latency in a realistic manner through employing spatial data obtained from a geographic information system. Precedence levels for sensors are determined based on the amenity type of the building they monitor. Mobility of the mobiles is restricted with the drivable road network. The impact of the precedence-based routing according to total path length, maximum data collection delay, and the maximum data latency is evaluated. Obtained results indicate an increase in total path length up to 14% when precedence-based routing is applied. The results also suggest that precedence-based routing increases maximum data collection delay unless the amenity type has fewer points of interest to monitor.
Destekleyen Kurum
TÜBİTAK
Teşekkür
This work was supported by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under Grant No. EEEAG-117E050. Map data copyrighted OpenStreetMap contributors and available from https://www.openstreetmap.org
Kaynakça
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Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 22 - 34, 15.06.2020
İzzet Fatih Şentürk
,
Siratigui Coulıbaly
Kaynakça
- [1] Senturk, I., F, and Gaoussou, Y. K. (2019). A New Approach to Simulating Node Deployment for Smart City Applications Using Geospatial Data, International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC), pp. 1-5. IEEE, 2019.
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[7] Şentürk, İ. F., and Bilgin., M. (2018) Network Connectivity and Data Quality in Crowd-Assisted Networks. In Crowd Assisted Networking and Computing, pp. 137-159. CRC Press,
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- [9] Zhang., X. (2018). Design of a Novel Map POI Data Collection Model. In 2018 International Conference on Network, Communication, Computer Engineering (NCCE 2018). Atlantis Press.
[10] OpenStreetMap contributors. Planet dump retrieved from https://planet.osm.org. https://www.openstreetmap.org, Accessed: 02/04/2020.
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- [15] Vargas-Munoz, John E.,Marcos,D., Lobry, S., A. dos Santos, J., Falcão, A. X.., and Tuia,. D. (2018). Correcting misaligned rural building annotations in open street map using convolutional neural networks evidence. In IGARSS 2018-2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, pp. 1284-1287. IEEE, 2018.
- [16] Siriaraya, P., Takumi,K.,, Yukiko, K., and Shinsuke, N. (2018). Using Open Data to Create Smart Auditory based Pervasive Game Environments. In Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play Companion Extended Abstracts, pp. 611-617. ACM.
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[18] Boeing, G. (2017). OSMnx: New methods for acquiring, constructing, analyzing, and visualizing complex street networks. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 65: 126-139.
- [19] Pasolini, G., Buratti,C., Feltrin, L., Zabini, F., Castro, C.D.,Verdone, R. and Andrisano, O. (2018). Smart city pilot projects using LoRa and IEEE802. 15.4 technologies. Sensors 18, no. 4: 1118.
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- [21] Gartner. (2020). Forecast: Internet of Things Endpoints and Associated Services, Worldwide, 2017. https://www.gartner.com/en/documents/3840665/forecast-internet-of-things-endpoints-and-associated-ser, Accessed: 02/04/2020.
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- [23] Rathorea, M.M., Awais, A., Anand, P., and Seungmin, R.(2016). Urban planning and building smart cities based on the internet of things using big data analytics. Computer Networks, 101: 63-80.
- [24] Taleb, T., Sunny, D., Ksentini,A., Muddesar, I., and Hannu, F.(2017). Mobile edge computing potential in making cities smarter. IEEE Communications Magazine, 55(3): 38-43.
- [25] Wikipedia (2020).Metropolitan Municipalities in Turkey.https://en.wikipedia.org Metropolitan _municipalities _in_Turkey. Accessed:02/04/2020.
- [26] OR-Tools. https://developers.google.com/optimization, Accessed: 02/04/2020.