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Dendrobranchiata Chitin Deacetylation Degree and its Potency as Iron (III) Ion Adsorbent from Aqueous Solution

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 4, 150 - 162, 24.12.2023

Oluwashina Gbenebor Patricia Popoola

https://doi.org/10.24107/ijeas.1350161

Öz

Poisoning of water with heavy metals majorly comes from frequent discharge from industrial wastes. This contaminates the soil, poisons plants and at large, tampers with human lives. Adsorption has been considered to be an effective and economical technique in purifying water from heavy metals. In this study, prawn chitin of different deacetylation degree (DDA) was characterized and used as adsorbent for Fe3+ from prepared FeCl3 solution. Ground prawn shells were demineralized with 1 M HCl while deproteinization was performed by reacting demineralized shells with 1 M NaOH at 100 oC for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 h. increasing deproteinization time raises DDA from 24.2 to 43.8 %. Thermal stability of chitin as measured from thermogravimetic analysis (TGA) reduces from 309 – 161oC at increasing deproteinization time. Crystallinity calculation rom X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that 84.5, 81.3, 78.3, 73.8 and 67.8 % are possessed by chitin produced from 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 h deproteinization times respectively. Considering factors such as pH and contact time, chitin with the highest DDA displays the best sorption capacity for Fe3+ and this can be ascribed to the fact that more amino groups (RNH2) are prevalent in chitin with increasing DDA.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Contact time chitin deacetylation iron pH

Kaynakça

  • Sankhla, M.S., Kumari, M., Nandan, M., Kumar, R. and Agrawal, P., Heavy Metals Contamination in Water and their Hazardous Effect on Human Health- A Review. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 5(10), 759-766, 2016.
  • Verma, R. and Dwivedi, P., Heavy Metal Water Pollution- A Case Study. Recent Research in Science and Technology, 5(5), 98-99, 2013.
  • Jaishankar, M., Tseten, T., Anbalagan, N., Mathew, B.B. and Beeregowda, K.N.,Toxicity, Mechanism and Health Effects of Some Heavy Metals. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 7(20), 60-72, 2014.
  • Anastopoulos, I., Bhatnagar, A., Bikiaris, D.N. and Kyzas, G.Z., Chitin Adsorbents for Toxic metals: A Review. International Journal of Material Sciences, 18(114), 1-111, 2017.
  • Morais S, Costa F.G, and Pereira, M.L., Heavy Metals and Human Health, Environmental health – emerging issues and practice, Chapter 10, 227–246, 2012.
  • Muchuweti, M., Birketi, J.W., Chinyanga, E., Zvauya, R., Scrimshaw, M.D. and Lester, J.N., Heavy Metal Contents of Vegetables Irrigated with Mixture of Wastewater and Sewage Sludge in Zimbabwe: Implications for Human Health. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 112, 41-48, 2006.
  • Zhao, Y., Ju, W.T., Jo, G.H., Jung, W.J. and Park, R.D., Perspectives of Chitin Deacetylase Research. Biothechnology of Polymers, 131-144, 2011.
  • Li, S., Li, X., Zheng, L., Ruiz-Hitzky, E., Xu, . and Wang, X., MXene-Enhanced Chitin Composite Sponges with Antibacterial and Hemostatic Activity for Wound Healing. Advanced Health Care Materials, 1-6, 2022.
  • Odili, C.C., Ilomuanya, M.O., Sekunowo, O.I., Gbenebor, O.P. and Adeosun, S.O., Knot Strength and Antimicrobial Evaluations of Partially Absorbable Suture. Progress in Biomaterials, 12, 51–59, 2023.
  • Gbenebor, O.P., Adeosun, S.O., Adegbite, A.A. and Akinwande A., Organic and Mineral Acid Demineralizations:Effects on Crangon and Liocarcinus Vernalis –Sourced Biopolymer Yield and Properties. Journal of Taibah University for Science, 12(6), 837-845, 2018.
  • Nam, Y.S., Park, W.H., Ihm, D. and Hudson, S.M., Effect of the Degree of Deacetylation on the Thermal Decomposition of Chitin and Chitosan Nanofibers. Carbohydrate Polymers. 80, 291-295, 2011.
  • Kim, S., Chitin, Chitosan, Oligosaccharides and their Derivatives; Biological and their Bpplications. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 3-633, 2011.
  • Jaafarzadeh, N., Mengelizadeh, N., Takdastan, A., Heidari-Farsani, M. and Niknam, N., Adsorption of Zn(II) from Aqueous Solution by using Chitin Extraction from Crustaceous Shell. Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research, 2, 110–119, 2014.
  • Jaafarzadeh, N., Mengelizadeh, N., Takdastan, A., Farsani, M.H., Niknam, N., Aalipour, M., Hadei, M. and Bahrami, P., Biosorption of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions onto Chitin. International Journal of Environmental Health Engineering, 4, 1–7, 2015.
  • Kocer, N.N., Uslu, G. and Cuci, Y., The adsorption of Zn(II) Ions onto Chitin: Determination of Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Parameters. Adsorption Science & Technology, 2 (26), 333–344, 2008.
  • Rana, M.M., Removal of Heavy Metal from Contaminated Water by Biopolymer Crab Chitosan. Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(15), 2762 - 2769, 2009.
  • Forutan, R., Ehsandoost, E., Hadipour, S., Mobaraki, Z., Saleki, M. and Mohebbi3, G., Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies on the Adsorption of Lead by the Chitin of Pink Shrimp (Solenocera melantho). Entomology and Applied Science, 33(3), 20-26, 2016.
  • Otuonye, U.C., Barminas, J.T., Magomya1, A.M., Kamba, E.A. and Andrew, C., Removal of Chromium (VI) as a Heavy Metal from Aqueous Solution using Chitin Obtained from Bargi Fish (Heterotis Miloticus) scale. Sci-Afric Journal of Scientific Issues, Research and Essays, 2 (3), 128-131, 2014.
  • Bhavani, K., Roshan, B.E., Selvakumar, S. and Shenbagarathai, R., Chitosan– A low Cost Adsorbent for Electroplating Waste Water Treatment. Journal of Bioremediation & Biodegradation, 7(3), 1-6, 2016.
  • Gbenebor, O.P., Adeosun, S.O., Lawal, G.I., Jun, S. and Olaleye, S.A., Acetylation, Crystalline and Morphological Properties of Structural Polysaccharide from Shrimp Exoskeleton. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 20, 1155–1165, 2017a.
  • Gbenebor, O.P., Akpan, E.I. and Adeosun, S.O., Thermal, Structural and Acetylation Behavior of Snail and Periwinkle Shells Chitin. Progress in Biomaterials, 6, 97–111, 2017b.
  • Akpan, E.I., Gbenebor, O.P. and Adeosun, S.O., Synthesis and Characterization of Chitin from Periwinkle (Tympanotonus Fusatus (L.)) and Snail (Lissachatina Fulica (Bowdich)) Shells. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 106, 1080-1088, 2018.
  • Yamasaki, K. and Hagiwara, H., Excess Iron Inhibits Osteoblast Metabolism. Toxicology Letters, 191(2-3), 211-215, 2009.
  • Lee, H.J., Choi, J.S., Lee, H.J., Kim, W.H., Park, S.L. and Song, J., Effects of Excess Iron on Oxidative Stress and Gluconegenesis through Hepcidin During Mitochondrial Dysfunction. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 26(12), 414-1423, 2015.
  • Lee, H.J., Choi, J.S., Lee, H.J., Kim, W.H., Park, S.L. and Song, J., Effects of Excess Iron on Oxidative Stress and Gluconegenesis through Hepcidin During Mitochondrial Dysfunction. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 26(12), 414-1423, 2015.
  • Kaya, M., Seyyar, O., Baran, T. and Turkes, T., Bat Guano as New and Attractive Chitin and Chitosan Source.. Frontiers in Zoology. 11, 1-1-10, 2014.
  • Juarez-de la Rosa, B.A., Quintana, P., Ardisson, P.L., Ya´nez-Limon, J.M. and Alvarado-Gil, JJ., Effects of Thermal Treatments on the Structure of Two Black Coral Species Chitinous Exoskeleton. Journal of Materials Science, 47, 990–998, 2012. Al-Sagheer, F.A., Al-Sughayer, M.A., Muslim, S. and Elsabee, M.Z., Extraction and Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan from Marine Sources in Arabian Gulf. Carbohydrate Polymers, 77, 410–419, 2009.
  • Jaafarzadeh, N., Mengelizadeh, N. and Hormozinejad, M., Adsorption of Zn (II) Ion from Aqueous Solution by using Chitin Extracted from Shrimp Shells. Jentashapir Journal of Health Research, 5(3), 133 – 138, 2014.
  • Aranaz, I. , Mengíbar, M., Harris, R., Paños, I. Miralles, B., Acosta, N., Galed, G. and Heras, A., Functional Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan. Current Chemical Biology. 3, 203–230, 2009.
  • Juárez-de la Rosa, B.A., Crespo, J.M., Owen, Q., Gónzalez-Gómez, W.S.,Yañez-Limón, J.M., and Alvarado-Gil, J.J., Thermal Analysis and Structural Characterization of Chitinous Exoskeleton from Two Marine Invertebrates. Thermochimica Acta. 610, 16–22, 2015.
  • Kahdestani, S.A., Shahriari, M.H. and Abdouss, M., Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan Nanoparticles Containing Teicoplanin using Sol–Gel. Polymer Bulletin, 78, 1133–1148, 2021.
  • Gokila, S., Gomathi, T., Sudha, P.N. and Anil, S., Removal of the Heavy Metal ion Chromiuim(VI) using Chitosan and Alginate Nanocomposites., International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 104, 1459-1468, 2017.
  • Akinyeye, O.J., Ibigbam, T.B. and Odeja, O., Effect of Chitosan Powder Prepared from Snail Shells to Remove Lead (II) Ion and Nickel (II) Ion from Aqueous Solution and Its Adsorption Isotherm Model. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 4(4), 146-156, 2016.
  • Zhang, L., Zeng, Y. and Cheng, C., Removal of Heavy Metal ions using Chitosan and Modified Chitosan: A Review. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 214, 175-191, 2016.
  • Jeon, C. and Holl, W.H., Chemical Modification of Chitosan and Equilibrium Study for Mercury Ion Removal. Water Research, 37, 4770 – 4780, 2003.
  • Benavent, M., Moreno, L. and Martinez, J., Sorption of Heavy Metals from Gold mining Wastewater using Chitosan. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 42, 976-988, 2011.
  • Ngah, W.W., Teon, L.C. and Hanafiah, M.A.K.M., Adsorption of Dyes and Heavy Metal Ions by Chitosan Composites: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 83, 1446–1456, 2011.
  • Ahmadi, M., Rahmani, H., Ramavand, B. and Kakavandi, B., Removal of Nitrate from Aqueous Solution using Activated Carbon Modified with Fenton reagents. Desalination and Water Treatment, 76, 265–275, 2017.

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 4, 150 - 162, 24.12.2023

Oluwashina Gbenebor Patricia Popoola

https://doi.org/10.24107/ijeas.1350161

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Sankhla, M.S., Kumari, M., Nandan, M., Kumar, R. and Agrawal, P., Heavy Metals Contamination in Water and their Hazardous Effect on Human Health- A Review. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 5(10), 759-766, 2016.
  • Verma, R. and Dwivedi, P., Heavy Metal Water Pollution- A Case Study. Recent Research in Science and Technology, 5(5), 98-99, 2013.
  • Jaishankar, M., Tseten, T., Anbalagan, N., Mathew, B.B. and Beeregowda, K.N.,Toxicity, Mechanism and Health Effects of Some Heavy Metals. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 7(20), 60-72, 2014.
  • Anastopoulos, I., Bhatnagar, A., Bikiaris, D.N. and Kyzas, G.Z., Chitin Adsorbents for Toxic metals: A Review. International Journal of Material Sciences, 18(114), 1-111, 2017.
  • Morais S, Costa F.G, and Pereira, M.L., Heavy Metals and Human Health, Environmental health – emerging issues and practice, Chapter 10, 227–246, 2012.
  • Muchuweti, M., Birketi, J.W., Chinyanga, E., Zvauya, R., Scrimshaw, M.D. and Lester, J.N., Heavy Metal Contents of Vegetables Irrigated with Mixture of Wastewater and Sewage Sludge in Zimbabwe: Implications for Human Health. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 112, 41-48, 2006.
  • Zhao, Y., Ju, W.T., Jo, G.H., Jung, W.J. and Park, R.D., Perspectives of Chitin Deacetylase Research. Biothechnology of Polymers, 131-144, 2011.
  • Li, S., Li, X., Zheng, L., Ruiz-Hitzky, E., Xu, . and Wang, X., MXene-Enhanced Chitin Composite Sponges with Antibacterial and Hemostatic Activity for Wound Healing. Advanced Health Care Materials, 1-6, 2022.
  • Odili, C.C., Ilomuanya, M.O., Sekunowo, O.I., Gbenebor, O.P. and Adeosun, S.O., Knot Strength and Antimicrobial Evaluations of Partially Absorbable Suture. Progress in Biomaterials, 12, 51–59, 2023.
  • Gbenebor, O.P., Adeosun, S.O., Adegbite, A.A. and Akinwande A., Organic and Mineral Acid Demineralizations:Effects on Crangon and Liocarcinus Vernalis –Sourced Biopolymer Yield and Properties. Journal of Taibah University for Science, 12(6), 837-845, 2018.
  • Nam, Y.S., Park, W.H., Ihm, D. and Hudson, S.M., Effect of the Degree of Deacetylation on the Thermal Decomposition of Chitin and Chitosan Nanofibers. Carbohydrate Polymers. 80, 291-295, 2011.
  • Kim, S., Chitin, Chitosan, Oligosaccharides and their Derivatives; Biological and their Bpplications. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 3-633, 2011.
  • Jaafarzadeh, N., Mengelizadeh, N., Takdastan, A., Heidari-Farsani, M. and Niknam, N., Adsorption of Zn(II) from Aqueous Solution by using Chitin Extraction from Crustaceous Shell. Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research, 2, 110–119, 2014.
  • Jaafarzadeh, N., Mengelizadeh, N., Takdastan, A., Farsani, M.H., Niknam, N., Aalipour, M., Hadei, M. and Bahrami, P., Biosorption of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions onto Chitin. International Journal of Environmental Health Engineering, 4, 1–7, 2015.
  • Kocer, N.N., Uslu, G. and Cuci, Y., The adsorption of Zn(II) Ions onto Chitin: Determination of Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Parameters. Adsorption Science & Technology, 2 (26), 333–344, 2008.
  • Rana, M.M., Removal of Heavy Metal from Contaminated Water by Biopolymer Crab Chitosan. Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(15), 2762 - 2769, 2009.
  • Forutan, R., Ehsandoost, E., Hadipour, S., Mobaraki, Z., Saleki, M. and Mohebbi3, G., Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies on the Adsorption of Lead by the Chitin of Pink Shrimp (Solenocera melantho). Entomology and Applied Science, 33(3), 20-26, 2016.
  • Otuonye, U.C., Barminas, J.T., Magomya1, A.M., Kamba, E.A. and Andrew, C., Removal of Chromium (VI) as a Heavy Metal from Aqueous Solution using Chitin Obtained from Bargi Fish (Heterotis Miloticus) scale. Sci-Afric Journal of Scientific Issues, Research and Essays, 2 (3), 128-131, 2014.
  • Bhavani, K., Roshan, B.E., Selvakumar, S. and Shenbagarathai, R., Chitosan– A low Cost Adsorbent for Electroplating Waste Water Treatment. Journal of Bioremediation & Biodegradation, 7(3), 1-6, 2016.
  • Gbenebor, O.P., Adeosun, S.O., Lawal, G.I., Jun, S. and Olaleye, S.A., Acetylation, Crystalline and Morphological Properties of Structural Polysaccharide from Shrimp Exoskeleton. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 20, 1155–1165, 2017a.
  • Gbenebor, O.P., Akpan, E.I. and Adeosun, S.O., Thermal, Structural and Acetylation Behavior of Snail and Periwinkle Shells Chitin. Progress in Biomaterials, 6, 97–111, 2017b.
  • Akpan, E.I., Gbenebor, O.P. and Adeosun, S.O., Synthesis and Characterization of Chitin from Periwinkle (Tympanotonus Fusatus (L.)) and Snail (Lissachatina Fulica (Bowdich)) Shells. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 106, 1080-1088, 2018.
  • Yamasaki, K. and Hagiwara, H., Excess Iron Inhibits Osteoblast Metabolism. Toxicology Letters, 191(2-3), 211-215, 2009.
  • Lee, H.J., Choi, J.S., Lee, H.J., Kim, W.H., Park, S.L. and Song, J., Effects of Excess Iron on Oxidative Stress and Gluconegenesis through Hepcidin During Mitochondrial Dysfunction. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 26(12), 414-1423, 2015.
  • Lee, H.J., Choi, J.S., Lee, H.J., Kim, W.H., Park, S.L. and Song, J., Effects of Excess Iron on Oxidative Stress and Gluconegenesis through Hepcidin During Mitochondrial Dysfunction. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 26(12), 414-1423, 2015.
  • Kaya, M., Seyyar, O., Baran, T. and Turkes, T., Bat Guano as New and Attractive Chitin and Chitosan Source.. Frontiers in Zoology. 11, 1-1-10, 2014.
  • Juarez-de la Rosa, B.A., Quintana, P., Ardisson, P.L., Ya´nez-Limon, J.M. and Alvarado-Gil, JJ., Effects of Thermal Treatments on the Structure of Two Black Coral Species Chitinous Exoskeleton. Journal of Materials Science, 47, 990–998, 2012. Al-Sagheer, F.A., Al-Sughayer, M.A., Muslim, S. and Elsabee, M.Z., Extraction and Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan from Marine Sources in Arabian Gulf. Carbohydrate Polymers, 77, 410–419, 2009.
  • Jaafarzadeh, N., Mengelizadeh, N. and Hormozinejad, M., Adsorption of Zn (II) Ion from Aqueous Solution by using Chitin Extracted from Shrimp Shells. Jentashapir Journal of Health Research, 5(3), 133 – 138, 2014.
  • Aranaz, I. , Mengíbar, M., Harris, R., Paños, I. Miralles, B., Acosta, N., Galed, G. and Heras, A., Functional Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan. Current Chemical Biology. 3, 203–230, 2009.
  • Juárez-de la Rosa, B.A., Crespo, J.M., Owen, Q., Gónzalez-Gómez, W.S.,Yañez-Limón, J.M., and Alvarado-Gil, J.J., Thermal Analysis and Structural Characterization of Chitinous Exoskeleton from Two Marine Invertebrates. Thermochimica Acta. 610, 16–22, 2015.
  • Kahdestani, S.A., Shahriari, M.H. and Abdouss, M., Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan Nanoparticles Containing Teicoplanin using Sol–Gel. Polymer Bulletin, 78, 1133–1148, 2021.
  • Gokila, S., Gomathi, T., Sudha, P.N. and Anil, S., Removal of the Heavy Metal ion Chromiuim(VI) using Chitosan and Alginate Nanocomposites., International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 104, 1459-1468, 2017.
  • Akinyeye, O.J., Ibigbam, T.B. and Odeja, O., Effect of Chitosan Powder Prepared from Snail Shells to Remove Lead (II) Ion and Nickel (II) Ion from Aqueous Solution and Its Adsorption Isotherm Model. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 4(4), 146-156, 2016.
  • Zhang, L., Zeng, Y. and Cheng, C., Removal of Heavy Metal ions using Chitosan and Modified Chitosan: A Review. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 214, 175-191, 2016.
  • Jeon, C. and Holl, W.H., Chemical Modification of Chitosan and Equilibrium Study for Mercury Ion Removal. Water Research, 37, 4770 – 4780, 2003.
  • Benavent, M., Moreno, L. and Martinez, J., Sorption of Heavy Metals from Gold mining Wastewater using Chitosan. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 42, 976-988, 2011.
  • Ngah, W.W., Teon, L.C. and Hanafiah, M.A.K.M., Adsorption of Dyes and Heavy Metal Ions by Chitosan Composites: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 83, 1446–1456, 2011.
  • Ahmadi, M., Rahmani, H., Ramavand, B. and Kakavandi, B., Removal of Nitrate from Aqueous Solution using Activated Carbon Modified with Fenton reagents. Desalination and Water Treatment, 76, 265–275, 2017.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Malzeme Tasarım ve Davranışları
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Oluwashina Gbenebor 0000-0003-1693-4601

Patricia Popoola 0000-0003-4447-8551

Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Aralık 2023
Kabul Tarihi 11 Kasım 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Gbenebor, O., & Popoola, P. (2023). Dendrobranchiata Chitin Deacetylation Degree and its Potency as Iron (III) Ion Adsorbent from Aqueous Solution. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 15(4), 150-162. https://doi.org/10.24107/ijeas.1350161
AMA Gbenebor O, Popoola P. Dendrobranchiata Chitin Deacetylation Degree and its Potency as Iron (III) Ion Adsorbent from Aqueous Solution. IJEAS. Aralık 2023;15(4):150-162. doi:10.24107/ijeas.1350161
Chicago Gbenebor, Oluwashina, ve Patricia Popoola. “Dendrobranchiata Chitin Deacetylation Degree and Its Potency As Iron (III) Ion Adsorbent from Aqueous Solution”. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 15, sy. 4 (Aralık 2023): 150-62. https://doi.org/10.24107/ijeas.1350161.
EndNote Gbenebor O, Popoola P (01 Aralık 2023) Dendrobranchiata Chitin Deacetylation Degree and its Potency as Iron (III) Ion Adsorbent from Aqueous Solution. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 15 4 150–162.
IEEE O. Gbenebor ve P. Popoola, “Dendrobranchiata Chitin Deacetylation Degree and its Potency as Iron (III) Ion Adsorbent from Aqueous Solution”, IJEAS, c. 15, sy. 4, ss. 150–162, 2023, doi: 10.24107/ijeas.1350161.
ISNAD Gbenebor, Oluwashina - Popoola, Patricia. “Dendrobranchiata Chitin Deacetylation Degree and Its Potency As Iron (III) Ion Adsorbent from Aqueous Solution”. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 15/4 (Aralık 2023), 150-162. https://doi.org/10.24107/ijeas.1350161.
JAMA Gbenebor O, Popoola P. Dendrobranchiata Chitin Deacetylation Degree and its Potency as Iron (III) Ion Adsorbent from Aqueous Solution. IJEAS. 2023;15:150–162.
MLA Gbenebor, Oluwashina ve Patricia Popoola. “Dendrobranchiata Chitin Deacetylation Degree and Its Potency As Iron (III) Ion Adsorbent from Aqueous Solution”. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, c. 15, sy. 4, 2023, ss. 150-62, doi:10.24107/ijeas.1350161.
Vancouver Gbenebor O, Popoola P. Dendrobranchiata Chitin Deacetylation Degree and its Potency as Iron (III) Ion Adsorbent from Aqueous Solution. IJEAS. 2023;15(4):150-62.
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