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The toxic effects of some acaricides on the tomato russet mite and its predator Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 47 Sayı: 1, 3 - 13, 25.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1171756

Öz

The tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici (Massee, 1937) (Acari: Eriophyidae) is a common pest of tomatoes. The predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae), can control A. lycopersici populations. To integrate biological and chemical control of A. lycopersici, side effects of the lethal concentrations of acaricides, as a predator, on A. swirskii should be considered. The lethal concentrations of 14 acaricides for A. lycopersici were determined under laboratory conditions at Bursa Uludağ University during 2017-2018. To understand the toxic impacts of the acaricides on juveniles and females of A. swirskii, the LC99 values for A. lycopersici of each acaricide were applied to A. swirskii. The reproduction reduction effects of the LC99 values were also assessed. Quite low concentrations of abamectin, milbemectin, pyridaben, azadirachtin and sulphur were found to be toxic for A. lycopersici. Based on the side effect scale, the LC99 values of abamectin, acequinocyl, bifenazate, fenproximate, fenbutatin oxide, hexythiazox, milbemectin and sulphur that killed A. lycopersici were found to be slightly toxic to both females and juveniles of A. swirskii. The results of this comparative toxicological study have showed that more field studies should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of using low concentrations of acaricides with A. swirskii in combination for controlling A. lycopersici.

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK TOVAG

Proje Numarası

117O377

Teşekkür

We thank the pesticide companies for purchased acaricides. We also thank to Prof. Dr. Sultan ÇOBANOĞLU for obtained the native A. swirskii population. This study is a part of Ayşenur KOLCU’s MSc thesis, which was performed at the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science of Bursa Uludağ University, Entomology Department between the years of 2017 and 2018. This project was supported by TUBITAK-TOVAG, Grant Project No. 117O377.

Kaynakça

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  • Abou-Awad, B. A., 1979. The tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici (Massee) (Acari: Eriophyidae) in Egypt. Anzeiger für Schadlingskde., Pflanzenschutz, Umweltschutz, 52 (10): 153-156.
  • Abou-Awad, B. A. & E. M. El-Banhawy, 1985. Susceptibility of the tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici (Acari: Eriophyidae), in Egypt to methamidophos, pyridaphenthion, cypermethrin, dicofol and fenarimol. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 1 (1): 11-15.
  • Alinejad, M., K. Kheradmand & Y. Fathipour, 2016. Assessment of sublethal effects of spirodiclofen on biological performance of the predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii. Systematic and Applied Acarology, 21 (3): 1-10.
  • Arbabi, M., P. Baradaran, N. Jaliani & M. Khani, 2013. Study and Comparing Effects of Different GC-Mite Doses in Control of Tetranychus urticae and Aculops lycopersici in Greenhouses of Tehran Province. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection Project Report. (Web page: https://www.areeo.ac.ir/en-US/AREEO/1/page/Home) (Date accessed: September 2022) (in Farsi).
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  • Aysan, E. & N. A. Kumral, 2018. The tritrophic relationships among tomato varieties, tomato rust mite and its predators. Acarologia, 58 (S): 5-17.
  • Baradan-Anakari, P. & H. Daneshvar, 1992. Studies on the biology and chemical control of tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici (Acari: Eriophyidae), in Varamin. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 59 (1-2): 25-27.
  • BKU, 2021. Plant Protection Products Database. Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Agriculture and Forest, General Directorate of Food and Control, Department of Plant Protection Products. (Web page: https://bku.tarim.gov.tr) (Date accessed: September 2022) (in Turkish).
  • Blümel, S., C. Pertl & F. Bakker, 2000. Comparative trials on the effects of two fungicides on a predatory mite in the laboratory and in the field. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 97 (3): 321-330.
  • Calvo, F. J., M. Knapp, Y. M. van Houten, H. Hoogerbrugge & J. E. Belda, 2015. Amblyseius swirskii: what made this predatory mite such a successful biocontrol agent? Experimental and Applied Acarology, 65 (4): 419-433.
  • Cermelli, L. M., S. E. Doreste & L. V. Balen, 1982. Aculops lycopersici (Massee, 1937) (Acari, Eriophyidae) a new pest of tomato crops in Venezuela. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 12 (3/4): 227-234.
  • Chant, D. A. & J. A. McMurtry, 2007. Illustrated Keys and Diagnoses for the Genera and Subgenera of the Phytoseiidae of the World. West Bloomfield (MI, USA): Indira Publishing House, Canada, 220 pp.
  • Çobanoğlu, S. & N. A. Kumral, 2014. The biodiversity and population fluctuation of plant parasitic and beneficial mite species (Acari) in tomato fields of Ankara, Bursa and Yalova provinces. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 38 (2): 197-214.
  • Cuthbertson, A. G., J. J. Mathers, P. Croft, N. Nattriss, L. F. Blackburn, W. Luo, P. Northing, T. Murai, R. J. Jacobson & K. F. Walters, 2012. Prey consumption rates and compatibility with pesticides of four predatory mites from the family Phytoseiidae attacking Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Pest Management Science, 68 (9): 1289-1295.
  • Döker, I. & C. Kazak, 2019. Non-target effects of five acaricides on a native population of Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae). International Journal of Acarology, 45 (1-2): 69-74.
  • Duso, C., M. Castagnoli, S. Simoni & G. Angeli, 2010. The impact of eriophyoids on crops: recent issues on Aculus schlechtendali, Calepitrimerus vitis and Aculops lycopersici. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 51 (1-3): 151-168.
  • El-Banhawy, M., B. M. El-Sawaf & S. I. Afia, 2007. Resistance of the predacious mite, Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to the insecticide dimethoate in Egyptian citrus orchards. Acarologia, 47 (3-4): 103-107.
  • Elbert, A., E. Bruck, J. Melgarejo, H. J. Schnorbach & S. Sone, 2005. Field development of Oberon for whitefly and mite control in vegetables, cotton, corn, strawberries, ornamentals and tea. Pflanzenschutz-Nachrichten Bayer, 58 (3): 441-468.
  • Fernandez, M. D. M., I. Colomer, P. Medina, A. Fereres, P. Del Estal & E. Viñuela, 2017a. Efficacy of a long‐lasting bifenthrin‐treated net against horticultural pests and its compatibility with the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii and the parasitic wasp Eretmocerus mundus. Pest Management Science, 73 (8): 1689-1697.
  • Fernandez, M. M., P. Medina, A. Wanumen, P. Del Estal, G. Smagghe & E. Viñuela, 2017b. Compatibility of sulfoxaflor and other modern pesticides with adults of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii residual contact and persistence studies. BioControl, 62 (2): 197-208.
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  • Gazquez, J. C., J. C. López, E. J. Baeza, J. J. Pérez-Parra, C. Pérez, D. E. Meca & S. Navarro, 2011. Influence of the sulphur application method on pests, diseases and natural enemies in a greenhouse pepper crop. Acta Horticulturae, 893: 1309-1316.
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Bazı akarisitlerin domates pas akarı ve avcısı Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae)’ye toksik etkileri

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 47 Sayı: 1, 3 - 13, 25.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1171756

Öz

Domates pas akarı, Aculops lycopersici (Massee, 1937) (Acari: Eriophyidae) domatesin ana zararlılarından biridir. Avcı akar Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae), A. lycopersici popülasyonlarını baskı altında tutabilmektedir. Ancak, A. lycopersici’nin mücadelesinde biyolojik ve kimyasal yöntemleri birbiriyle entegre edebilmek için A. swirskii’ye akarisitlerin yan etkilerinin dikkate alınması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle, öncelikle A. lycopersici’ye 14 farklı akarisitin öldürücü konsantrasyonları 2017-2018 yılları arasında Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi’nde laboratuvar koşullarında belirlenmiştir. Bu akarisitlerin A. swirskii üzerindeki yan etkilerini anlamak için, A. lycopersici için belirlenen LC99 değerleri A. swirskii’nin hem ergin öncesi hem de dişi dönemlerine uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca, bu LC99 değerlerinin avcının üremesini azaltıcı etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada, abamectin, milbemectin, pyridaben, azadirachtin ve kükürtün çok düşük konsantrasyonları dahi A. lycopersici için oldukça zehirli bulunmuştur. Yan etki skalasına göre, abamectin, acequinocyl, bifenazate, fenproximate, fenbutatin oxide, hexythiazox, milbemectin ve kükürtün A. lycopersici için bulunan LC99 değerleri A. swirskii’nin ergin öncesi ve dişi dönemleri için hafif zehirli bulunmuştur. Bu karşılaştırmalı toksikoloji çalışmaya göre, A. lycopersici’nin mücadelesinde A. swirskii’nin birlikte kullanımı için akarisitlerin düşük konsantrasyonlarının kullanımının ileride yapılacak saha çalışmaları ile değerlendirilmelidir.

Proje Numarası

117O377

Kaynakça

  • Abbott, W. S., 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18 (2): 265-267.
  • Abou-Awad, B. A., 1979. The tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici (Massee) (Acari: Eriophyidae) in Egypt. Anzeiger für Schadlingskde., Pflanzenschutz, Umweltschutz, 52 (10): 153-156.
  • Abou-Awad, B. A. & E. M. El-Banhawy, 1985. Susceptibility of the tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici (Acari: Eriophyidae), in Egypt to methamidophos, pyridaphenthion, cypermethrin, dicofol and fenarimol. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 1 (1): 11-15.
  • Alinejad, M., K. Kheradmand & Y. Fathipour, 2016. Assessment of sublethal effects of spirodiclofen on biological performance of the predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii. Systematic and Applied Acarology, 21 (3): 1-10.
  • Arbabi, M., P. Baradaran, N. Jaliani & M. Khani, 2013. Study and Comparing Effects of Different GC-Mite Doses in Control of Tetranychus urticae and Aculops lycopersici in Greenhouses of Tehran Province. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection Project Report. (Web page: https://www.areeo.ac.ir/en-US/AREEO/1/page/Home) (Date accessed: September 2022) (in Farsi).
  • Atanasov, N. D., 1995. “Integrated control of mites on tomatoes, 546-550.” In: Proceedings of I. International Symposium on Solanacea for Fresh Market (Eds. R. Fernández-Muñoz, J. Cuartero & M. L. Gómez-Guillamón). ISHS Acta Horticulturae, Malaga, Spain, 562 pp.
  • Audenaert, J., M. Vissers & B. Gobin, 2014. Testing side-effects of common pesticides on A. swirskii under greenhouse circumstances. Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, 79 (2): 207-210.
  • Aysan, E. & N. A. Kumral, 2018. The tritrophic relationships among tomato varieties, tomato rust mite and its predators. Acarologia, 58 (S): 5-17.
  • Baradan-Anakari, P. & H. Daneshvar, 1992. Studies on the biology and chemical control of tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici (Acari: Eriophyidae), in Varamin. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 59 (1-2): 25-27.
  • BKU, 2021. Plant Protection Products Database. Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Agriculture and Forest, General Directorate of Food and Control, Department of Plant Protection Products. (Web page: https://bku.tarim.gov.tr) (Date accessed: September 2022) (in Turkish).
  • Blümel, S., C. Pertl & F. Bakker, 2000. Comparative trials on the effects of two fungicides on a predatory mite in the laboratory and in the field. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 97 (3): 321-330.
  • Calvo, F. J., M. Knapp, Y. M. van Houten, H. Hoogerbrugge & J. E. Belda, 2015. Amblyseius swirskii: what made this predatory mite such a successful biocontrol agent? Experimental and Applied Acarology, 65 (4): 419-433.
  • Cermelli, L. M., S. E. Doreste & L. V. Balen, 1982. Aculops lycopersici (Massee, 1937) (Acari, Eriophyidae) a new pest of tomato crops in Venezuela. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 12 (3/4): 227-234.
  • Chant, D. A. & J. A. McMurtry, 2007. Illustrated Keys and Diagnoses for the Genera and Subgenera of the Phytoseiidae of the World. West Bloomfield (MI, USA): Indira Publishing House, Canada, 220 pp.
  • Çobanoğlu, S. & N. A. Kumral, 2014. The biodiversity and population fluctuation of plant parasitic and beneficial mite species (Acari) in tomato fields of Ankara, Bursa and Yalova provinces. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 38 (2): 197-214.
  • Cuthbertson, A. G., J. J. Mathers, P. Croft, N. Nattriss, L. F. Blackburn, W. Luo, P. Northing, T. Murai, R. J. Jacobson & K. F. Walters, 2012. Prey consumption rates and compatibility with pesticides of four predatory mites from the family Phytoseiidae attacking Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Pest Management Science, 68 (9): 1289-1295.
  • Döker, I. & C. Kazak, 2019. Non-target effects of five acaricides on a native population of Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae). International Journal of Acarology, 45 (1-2): 69-74.
  • Duso, C., M. Castagnoli, S. Simoni & G. Angeli, 2010. The impact of eriophyoids on crops: recent issues on Aculus schlechtendali, Calepitrimerus vitis and Aculops lycopersici. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 51 (1-3): 151-168.
  • El-Banhawy, M., B. M. El-Sawaf & S. I. Afia, 2007. Resistance of the predacious mite, Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to the insecticide dimethoate in Egyptian citrus orchards. Acarologia, 47 (3-4): 103-107.
  • Elbert, A., E. Bruck, J. Melgarejo, H. J. Schnorbach & S. Sone, 2005. Field development of Oberon for whitefly and mite control in vegetables, cotton, corn, strawberries, ornamentals and tea. Pflanzenschutz-Nachrichten Bayer, 58 (3): 441-468.
  • Fernandez, M. D. M., I. Colomer, P. Medina, A. Fereres, P. Del Estal & E. Viñuela, 2017a. Efficacy of a long‐lasting bifenthrin‐treated net against horticultural pests and its compatibility with the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii and the parasitic wasp Eretmocerus mundus. Pest Management Science, 73 (8): 1689-1697.
  • Fernandez, M. M., P. Medina, A. Wanumen, P. Del Estal, G. Smagghe & E. Viñuela, 2017b. Compatibility of sulfoxaflor and other modern pesticides with adults of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii residual contact and persistence studies. BioControl, 62 (2): 197-208.
  • Fiedler, Ż. & D. Sosnowska, 2012. Side effects of fungicides and insecticides on predatory mites, in laboratory conditions. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 54 (4): 349-353.
  • Finney, D. J., 1971. Probit Analysis, 3rd Edition. Cambridge University Press, London, UK, 333 pp.
  • Fischer, S. & F. Klötzli, 2015. Management of the tomato russet mite Aculops lycopersici (Acari, Eriophyidae). Revue Suisse de Viticulture Arboriculture Horticulture, 47 (2): 88-93.
  • Gazquez, J. C., J. C. López, E. J. Baeza, J. J. Pérez-Parra, C. Pérez, D. E. Meca & S. Navarro, 2011. Influence of the sulphur application method on pests, diseases and natural enemies in a greenhouse pepper crop. Acta Horticulturae, 893: 1309-1316.
  • Gerson, U., R. L. Smiley & R. Ochoa, 2003. Mites (Acari) in biological control. Blackwell Science, Oxford, Malden, MA, USA, 539 pp.
  • Gradish, A. E., C. D. Scott-Dupree, L. Shipp, C. R. Harris & G. Ferguson, 2011. Effect of reduced risk pesticides on greenhouse vegetable arthropod biological control agents. Pest Management Science, 67 (1): 82-86.
  • Hıncal, P., N. Yaşarakıncı & İ. Çınarlı, 2002. The researches on the population developments of Aculops lycopersici (Massee) (Acarina: Eriophyidae) and its natural enemies, the chemical control of the pest in İzmir. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 42 (1-4): 9-22.
  • IRAC, 2022. IRAC Insecticide Mode of Action. (Web page: https://irac-online.org/mode-of-action/) (Date accessed: September 2022).
  • Kashyap, L., D. C. Sharma & A. K. Sood, 2015. Infestation and management of russet mite, Aculops lycopersici in tomato, Solanum lycopersicum under protected environment in North-Western India. Environment and Ecology, 33 (1): 87-90.
  • Keskin, N. & N. A. Kumral, 2015. Screening tomato varietal resistance against the two-spotted spider mite [Tetranychus urticae (Koch)]. International Journal of Acarology, 41 (4): 300–309.
  • Kumral, N. A., S. Çobanoğlu, L. Tiedt & E. Ueckermann, 2014. “Domates pas akarının taramalı elektron mikroskobuyla dış morfolojisi ve domatesteki zarar belirtileri, 153-153”. Türkiye V. Bitki Koruma Kongresi, (3-5 Şubat 2014, Antalya, Turkey), XMAT Matbaa, 417 pp (in Turkish).
  • Kumral, N. A., S. Çobanoğlu, P. Hephızlı Göksel & A. Aksoy, 2021. Toxic effects of some acaricides on Aceria oleae (Nalepa, 1900) (Acari: Eriophyidae) and its predator Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor, 1954) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) under laboratory conditions. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 45 (4): 485-498.
  • Kumral N. A., S. Çobanoğlu, N. S. Gençer, N. Akbudak, N. Gök, G. Mertoğlu, Ç. Oylum, A. Aksoy, S. Ertaş, 2022. “Which phytoseiid species is more effective for the control of Aculops lycopersici? Amblyseius swirskii or Neoseiulus californicus” 29-29. IX Symposium of the European Association of Acarologists, (12-15 July, Bari, Italy), 94pp.
  • Kumral, N. A., S. Çobanoğlu, N. Akbudak & N. S. Gençer, 2023. Domates Pas Akarı Aculops lycopersici (Massee) (Acarina: Eriophyidae)’ye Karşı Kullanılma Potansiyeli Olan Farklı Phytoseiid Türlerinin Etkinliğine Domates Çeşit Farklılıklarının Etkisi. TÜBİTAK TOVAG 119O961 Project Unpublished Report, 164 pp (in Turkish with abstract in English).
  • Ky, I. R. & R. K. Shepherd, 1988. Chemical control of the tomato russet mite on tomatoes in the dry tropics of Queensland. Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences, 45 (1): 1-8.
  • Lindquist, E. E., M. W. Sabelis & J. Bruin, 1996. Eriophyoid Mites - Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. World Crop Pests Volume 6. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 790 pp.
  • Lopez, L., H. A.Smith, M. A. Hoy & J. R. Bloomquist, 2015. Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of fenpyroximate to Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 108 (3): 1047-1053.
  • Masui, S., Y. Katai, Y. Tsuchida & M. Doi, 2014. Effects of agrochemical application on the density of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot on melon plants. Annual Rep Kansai Plant Protection, 56 (1): 21-27.
  • Momen, F. M., A. S. Reda, & S. A. A. Amer, 1997. Effect of Neem Azal-F on Tetranychus urticae and three predacious mites of the family Phytoseiidae. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 32 (3/4): 355-362.
  • Overmeer, W. P. J. & A. Q. Van Zon, 1982. A standardized method for testing the side effects of pesticides on the predacious mite, Amblyseius potentillae [Acarina: Phytoseiidae]. Entomophaga, 27 (4): 357-363.
  • Overmeer, W. P. J., 1985. “Rearing and Handling, 161-170”. In: Spider Mites, Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control (Eds. W. Helle & M. W. Sabelis). (Vol 1b), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 458 pp.
  • Pijnakker, J. & P. Ramakers, 2009. Effect of vaporizing sulphur on pest predators in greenhouses. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 49(1): 341-345.
  • Potter, C.,1952. An improved laboratory apparatus for applying direct sprays and surface films, with data on the electrostatic charge on atomized spray fluids. Annals of Applied Biology, 39 (1): 1-28.
  • Royalty, R. N. & T. M. Perring, 1987. Comparative toxicity of acaricides to Aculops lycopersici and Homeopronematus anconai (Acari: Eriophyidae, Tydeidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 80 (2): 348-351.
  • Şekeroğlu, E. & A. F. Özgür, 1984. A new tomato pest in Çukurova, Aculops lycopersici. Türkiye Bitki Koruma Dergisi, 8 (4): 211-213.
  • Silva, A. L. da, V. R. S. Veloso, R. M. C. de Silva & M. R. da Rocha, 1988. Assay for the control of the tomato mite Aculops lycopersici (Massee, 1937) (Acari: Eriophyidae) with a new acaricide. Anais das Escolas de Agronomia e Veterinária (Goiânia), 18 (1): 29-34.
  • Spasov, D., D. Spasova, B. Atanasova, M. Ilievski & M. Georgievski, 2014. Effectiveness of some insecticide-acaricide to the eradication of Aculops lycopersicae m. at tomatoes grown in greenhouses. Yearbook-Faculty of Agriculture, 12 (1): 93-100 p (in Russian with abstract in English).
  • Sterk, G., S. A. Hassan, M. Baillod, F. Bakker, F. Bigler, S. Blumel, H. Bogenschutz, E. Boller, B. Bromand, J. Brun, J. N. M. Calis J. Coremans-Pelseneer, C. Duso, A. Garrido, A. Grove, U. Heimbach, H. Hokkanen, J. Jacas, G. Lewis, L. Moreth, L. Polgar, L. Rovesti, L. Samsoe- Petersen, B. Sauphanor, L. Schaub, A. Staubli, J. J. Tuset, A. Vainio, M. Van DeVeire, G. Viggiani, E. Vinuela & H. Vogt, 1999. Results of the seventh joint pesticide testing programme carried out by the IOBC/WPRS-Working Group ‘‘Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms’’. Biocontrol, 44 (1): 99-117.
  • Swirski, E., S. Ragusa di Chiara & H. Tsolakis, 1998. Keys to the phytoseiid mites (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae) of Israel. Phytophaga, 8 (1): 85-154.
  • Trottin-Caudal, Y., J. M. Leyre, V. Baffert, C. Fournier & C. Chabriere, 2008. Protected cucumber crops: experimental studies on Typhlodromips (Amblyseius) swirskii. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 32 (1): 213-217.
  • van Houten, Y., M. Knapp, H. Hoogerbrugge & K. Bolckmans, 2013. The potential of Amblyseius swirskii as biocontrol agent for Aculops lycopersici on tomatoes. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 93 (1): 51-57.
  • van Leeuwen, T., J. Witters, R. Nauen, C. Duso & L. Tirry, 2010. The control of eriophyoid mites: state of the art and future challenges. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 51 (1-3): 205-224.
  • van Zon, A. Q., & M. Wysoki, 1978. The effect of some fungicides on Phytoseiulus persimilis [Acarina: Phytoseiidae]. Entomophaga, 23 (4): 371-378.
  • Vervaet, L., R. De Vis, P. De Clercq & T. Van Leeuwen, 2021. Is the emerging mite pest Aculops lycopersici controllable? Global and genome‐based insights in its biology and management. Pest Management Science, 77 (6): 2635-2644.
Toplam 56 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ayşenur Kolcu 0000-0002-3200-2057

Nabi Alper Kumral 0000-0001-9442-483X

Proje Numarası 117O377
Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Nisan 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Eylül 2022
Kabul Tarihi 21 Mart 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 47 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kolcu, A., & Kumral, N. A. (2023). The toxic effects of some acaricides on the tomato russet mite and its predator Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 47(1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1171756
AMA Kolcu A, Kumral NA. The toxic effects of some acaricides on the tomato russet mite and its predator Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae). TED. Nisan 2023;47(1):3-13. doi:10.16970/entoted.1171756
Chicago Kolcu, Ayşenur, ve Nabi Alper Kumral. “The Toxic Effects of Some Acaricides on the Tomato Russet Mite and Its Predator Amblyseius Swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 47, sy. 1 (Nisan 2023): 3-13. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1171756.
EndNote Kolcu A, Kumral NA (01 Nisan 2023) The toxic effects of some acaricides on the tomato russet mite and its predator Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology 47 1 3–13.
IEEE A. Kolcu ve N. A. Kumral, “The toxic effects of some acaricides on the tomato russet mite and its predator Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae)”, TED, c. 47, sy. 1, ss. 3–13, 2023, doi: 10.16970/entoted.1171756.
ISNAD Kolcu, Ayşenur - Kumral, Nabi Alper. “The Toxic Effects of Some Acaricides on the Tomato Russet Mite and Its Predator Amblyseius Swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 47/1 (Nisan 2023), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1171756.
JAMA Kolcu A, Kumral NA. The toxic effects of some acaricides on the tomato russet mite and its predator Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae). TED. 2023;47:3–13.
MLA Kolcu, Ayşenur ve Nabi Alper Kumral. “The Toxic Effects of Some Acaricides on the Tomato Russet Mite and Its Predator Amblyseius Swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology, c. 47, sy. 1, 2023, ss. 3-13, doi:10.16970/entoted.1171756.
Vancouver Kolcu A, Kumral NA. The toxic effects of some acaricides on the tomato russet mite and its predator Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae). TED. 2023;47(1):3-13.