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The effect of illumination with different light wavelengths on the orientation of Turkestan cockroach, Blatta lateralis (Walker, 1868) (Blattodea: Blattidae)

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 44 Sayı: 4, 477 - 486, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.774867

Öz

In this study, the effect of illumination with different light wavelengths (red, green, yellow, blue, white and a dark control) on the orientation of the Turkestan cockroach, Blatta lateralis (Walker,1868) (Blattodea: Blattidae) was investigated. The study was conducted under laboratory conditions in 2019 at Bursa Uludağ University. In orientation trials, adult cockroaches were exposed to three different light illuminances (25, 250 and 2500 lux). The trials were conducted in six- and two-arm choice arenas. In each trial, three replicates and 100 individuals were used. The data obtained show that the sensitivity to the illumination with different wavelengths may increase depending on light intensity. In particular, in the six-arm and two-arm trial, in the experiment where blue light of 2500 lux intensity was applied, the cockroach orientation was the lowest at 0.9% and 1.8%, respectively. In general, the highest orientation was against the dark (control) chamber in all trials. In addition, under all lux values, the orientation to red light was higher than with green, yellow, blue and white light. As a result of this study, it has been determined that blue light may have a repellent effect on cockroaches, and red light may be more attractive than other wavelengths. These studies can be useful in the development of an alternative method of control to replace chemicals used against cockroaches that would be harmless to human health and the environment.

Teşekkür

The authors thank the anonymous referees for their invaluable comments and suggestions which helped improve this manuscript.

Kaynakça

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  • Alkan, M., T. Atay, S. Ertürk & İ. Kepenekçi. 2019. Comparison of bioactivities of native diatomaceous earth against Turkestan cockroach [Blatta lateralis Walker (Blattodea: Blattidae)] nymphs. Applied Ecology and Environment Research, 17 (3): 5897-5994.
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  • Artyukhina, I., 1972. Ecology of Turkestan cockroaches (Shelfordella tartara) in some villages of the Uzber-SSR. Medicinskaya Parazitologiya i Parazitarnye Bolezina, 41 (1): 49-53.
  • Ashfaq, M., R. A. Khan, M. A. Khan, F. Rasheed & S. Hafeez, 2005. Insect orientation to various color lights in the agricultural biomes of Faisalabad. Pakistan Entomologist, 27 (1): 49-52.
  • Baggio-Deibler, M. V., M. da Costa Ferreira, A. C. Monteiro, A. de Souza Pollo & M. V. Franco Lemos, 2018. Management of the American cockroach’s oothecae: The potential of entomopathogenic fungi control. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 153 (March): 30-34.
  • Bueno-Marí, R., A. Bernués-Bañeres, F. J. Peris-Felipo, J. Moreno-Marí & R. Jiménez-Peydró, 2013. American cockroach control assays in the municipal sewerage system of Valencia (Spain). Polish Journal of Entomology, 82 (3): 143-150.
  • Collins, C. H., P. M. Lyne & J. M., Grange, 1995. Collins and Lyne’s Microbiological Methods. 7th Ed. Butterworth and Heinmann, London, 493 pp.
  • Cooter, R., 1975. Ocellus and ocellar nerves of Periplaneta americana L. (Orthoptera: Dictyoptera). International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology, 4 (3): 273-288.
  • Dean, K. A., 2017. Step into the light: How choosy are cockroaches about light? California State Science Fair 2017. Project Summary. Ap2/17, 1 p. (Web page: http://csef.usc.edu/History/2017/Projects/J2306.pdf) (Date accessed: 16 October 2020).
  • Demirsoy, A., 2014. Yaşamın Temel Kuralları Omurgasızlar/Böcekler Entomoloji. Hacettepe Yayınları, Ankara, 940s.
  • Etim, S. E., O. E. Okon, P. A. Akpan, G. I. Ukpong & E. E. Oku, 2013. Prevalence of cockroaches (Periplanata americana) in households in Calabar: Public health implications. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology, 5 (3): 149-152.
  • Fox, E. G. P. & S. Bressan-Nascimento, 2006. Biological characteristics of Evania appendigaster (L.) (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae) in different densities of Periplaneta americana (L.) oothecae (Blattodea: Blattidae). Biological Control, 36 (2): 183-188.
  • Gutierrez, A. C., J. A. Machado, R. Hubner-Campos, M. A. Pennisi, J. Rodrigues, C. C. López Lástra, J. J. García, É. K. Fernandes & C. Luz, 2016. New insights into the infection of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana nymphs with Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales). Journal of Applied Microbiology, 121 (5): 1373-1383.
  • Hernández-Ramírez, G., F. Hernández-Rosas, H. Sánchez-Arroyo & R. Alatorre-Rosas, 2007. Infectivity, age and relative humidity related with susceptibility on nymphs and adults of Periplaneta americana to Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales). Entomotropica, 22 (1): 27-36.
  • Hori, M., K. Shibuya, M. Sato & Y. Saito, 2014. Lethal effects of short-wavelength visible light on insects. Scientific Reports, 4 (7383): 1-6.
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  • Kim, M. G., J. Y. Yang & H. S. Lee, 2013. Phototactic behavior: repellent effects of cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), to light-emitting diodes. Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry, 56: 331-333.
  • Ko, A. E., D. N. Bierman, C. Schal & J. Silverman, 2015. Insecticide resistance and diminished secondary kill performance of bait formulations against German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Pest Management Science, 72 (9): 1778-1784.
  • Koehler, P. G., H. R. Agee, N. C. Leppla & R. S. Patterson, 1987. Spectral sensitivity and behavioral response to light quality in the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 80 (6): 820-822.
  • Lee, S. M., J. B. Lee & H. S. Lee, 2015. Controlling Tyrophagus putrescentiae adults in LED-equipped Y-maze chamber. Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry, 58 (2): 101-104.
  • Lipton, G. R. & D. J. Sutherland, 1970a. Activity rhythms in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Journal of Insect Physiology, 16 (8): 1555-1566.
  • Lipton, G. R. & D. J. Sutherland, 1970b. Feeding rhythms in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Journal of Insect Physiology, 16 (9): 1757-1767.
  • Maketon, M., A. Hominchan & D. Hotaka, 2010. Control of American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) and German cockroach (Blattella germanica) by entomopathogenic nematodes. Revista Colombiana de Entomología, 36 (2): 249-253.
  • Ogino, T., T. Uehara, T. Yamaguchi, T. Maeda, N. C. Yoshida & M. Shimoda, 2015. Spectral preference of the predatory bug Orius sauteri (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae). Japanese Jornal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 59 (1): 10-13.
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  • Özcan, K., H. Tunaz, A. A. Ișıkber & M. K. Er, 2018. Lethal effect of Turkish diatomaceous earth (Bgn-1) against adults of German cockroaches (Blattella germanica L.). Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 463 (2): 743-746.
  • Paranagama, P. A. & E. M. D. S. Ekanayake, 2004. Repellant proporties from essential oil of Alpinia calcarata Rosc. against the American cockroach, Periplanata americana. Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka, 32 (1&2): 1-12.
  • Park, J. H., S. M. Lee, S. G. Lee & H. S. Lee, 2014. Attractive effects efficiency of LED trap on controlling Plutella xylostella adults in greenhouse. Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry, 57 (3): 255-257.
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Farklı dalga boyuna sahip ışınların Türkistan hamamböceği, Blatta lateralis (Walker, 1868) (Blattodea: Blattidae)’in yönelimi üzerine etkisi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 44 Sayı: 4, 477 - 486, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.774867

Öz

Bu çalışmada, farklı dalga boylarına (kırmızı, yeşil, sarı, mavi, beyaz ve karanlık) sahip ışınların Türkistan hamamböceği, Blatta lateralis (Walker,1868) (Blattodea: Blattidae)’in yönelimi üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışma, 2019 yılında Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi’nde laboratuvar koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Yönelim denemelerinde, ergin hamamböcekleri üç farklı ışık şiddetine (25, 250 ve 2500 lüks) maruz bırakılmıştır. Denemeler 6-kollu ve 2-kollu seçimli olarak yürütülmüştür. Tüm denemelerde 3 tekerrür ve her tekerrürde 100 birey kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, ışık şiddetine bağlı olarak farklı dalga boyuna sahip ışınlara yönelim hassasiyetinin artabileceğini göstermektedir. Özellikle, altı -kollu ve iki -kollu denemede, 2500 lüks şiddetinde mavi ışık uygulandığında, hamamböceğinin yönelimi en düşük seviyede olup, sırasıyla, %0.9 ve %1.8 oranında olmuştur. Genel olarak en yüksek yönelim, tüm denemelerde karanlık (kontrol) odacığa olmuştur. Ayrıca tüm lüks değerleri altında kırmızı ışığa yönelim, yeşil, sarı, mavi ve beyaz ışığa göre daha fazla olmuştur. Bu çalışma sonucunda, mavi ışığın hamamböcekleri üzerinde kaçırıcı bir etki gösterebileceği, kırmızı ışığın ise diğer dalga boylarına göre daha çekici olabileceği tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan bu çalışmalar, hamamböceklerine karşı kullanılan kimyasalların yerini alabilecek insan sağlığına ve çevreye zararsız olan alternatif bir mücadele metodunun geliştirilmesinde faydalı olabilir.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, A., A. Ghosh, C. Schal & L. Zurek, 2011. Insects in confined swine operations carry a large antibiotic resistant and potentially virulence enterococcal community. BMC Microbiology, 11 (23): 1471-2180.
  • Alesho, N. A., 1997. Synathropic cockroaches of Russia. Proceedings of the International Colloquia on Social Insects, 3-4: 45-50.
  • Alkan, M., T. Atay, S. Ertürk & İ. Kepenekçi. 2019. Comparison of bioactivities of native diatomaceous earth against Turkestan cockroach [Blatta lateralis Walker (Blattodea: Blattidae)] nymphs. Applied Ecology and Environment Research, 17 (3): 5897-5994.
  • Anonymous, 2019. Antalya çekirge. (Web page: www.antalyacekirge.net) (Date accessed: 2 October 2020).
  • Artyukhina, I., 1972. Ecology of Turkestan cockroaches (Shelfordella tartara) in some villages of the Uzber-SSR. Medicinskaya Parazitologiya i Parazitarnye Bolezina, 41 (1): 49-53.
  • Ashfaq, M., R. A. Khan, M. A. Khan, F. Rasheed & S. Hafeez, 2005. Insect orientation to various color lights in the agricultural biomes of Faisalabad. Pakistan Entomologist, 27 (1): 49-52.
  • Baggio-Deibler, M. V., M. da Costa Ferreira, A. C. Monteiro, A. de Souza Pollo & M. V. Franco Lemos, 2018. Management of the American cockroach’s oothecae: The potential of entomopathogenic fungi control. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 153 (March): 30-34.
  • Bueno-Marí, R., A. Bernués-Bañeres, F. J. Peris-Felipo, J. Moreno-Marí & R. Jiménez-Peydró, 2013. American cockroach control assays in the municipal sewerage system of Valencia (Spain). Polish Journal of Entomology, 82 (3): 143-150.
  • Collins, C. H., P. M. Lyne & J. M., Grange, 1995. Collins and Lyne’s Microbiological Methods. 7th Ed. Butterworth and Heinmann, London, 493 pp.
  • Cooter, R., 1975. Ocellus and ocellar nerves of Periplaneta americana L. (Orthoptera: Dictyoptera). International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology, 4 (3): 273-288.
  • Dean, K. A., 2017. Step into the light: How choosy are cockroaches about light? California State Science Fair 2017. Project Summary. Ap2/17, 1 p. (Web page: http://csef.usc.edu/History/2017/Projects/J2306.pdf) (Date accessed: 16 October 2020).
  • Demirsoy, A., 2014. Yaşamın Temel Kuralları Omurgasızlar/Böcekler Entomoloji. Hacettepe Yayınları, Ankara, 940s.
  • Etim, S. E., O. E. Okon, P. A. Akpan, G. I. Ukpong & E. E. Oku, 2013. Prevalence of cockroaches (Periplanata americana) in households in Calabar: Public health implications. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology, 5 (3): 149-152.
  • Fox, E. G. P. & S. Bressan-Nascimento, 2006. Biological characteristics of Evania appendigaster (L.) (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae) in different densities of Periplaneta americana (L.) oothecae (Blattodea: Blattidae). Biological Control, 36 (2): 183-188.
  • Gutierrez, A. C., J. A. Machado, R. Hubner-Campos, M. A. Pennisi, J. Rodrigues, C. C. López Lástra, J. J. García, É. K. Fernandes & C. Luz, 2016. New insights into the infection of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana nymphs with Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales). Journal of Applied Microbiology, 121 (5): 1373-1383.
  • Hernández-Ramírez, G., F. Hernández-Rosas, H. Sánchez-Arroyo & R. Alatorre-Rosas, 2007. Infectivity, age and relative humidity related with susceptibility on nymphs and adults of Periplaneta americana to Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales). Entomotropica, 22 (1): 27-36.
  • Hori, M., K. Shibuya, M. Sato & Y. Saito, 2014. Lethal effects of short-wavelength visible light on insects. Scientific Reports, 4 (7383): 1-6.
  • Hubner-Campos, R. F., R. N. Leles, J. Rodrigues & C. Luz, 2013. Efficacy of entomopathogenic hypocrealean fungi against Periplaneta americana. Parasitology International, 62 (6): 517-521.
  • Jeon, Y. J. & H. S. Lee, 2016. Control effects of LED trap to Sitotroga cerealella and Plodia interpunctella in the granary. Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry, 59 (3): 203-206.
  • Jeon, J. H., M. S. Oh, K. S. Cho, & H. S. Lee, 2012. Phototactic responses of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), to light-emitting diodes. Journal of Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry, 55 (1): 35-39.
  • Johansen, N. S., I. Vänninen, D. M. Pinto, A. I. Nissinen & L. Shipp, 2011. In the light of new greenhouse technologies: 2. Direct effects of artificial lighting on arthropods and integrated pest management in greenhouse crops. Annals of Applied Biology, 159 (1): 1-27.
  • Kelly, K. M. & M. I. Mote, 1990. Electrophysiology and anatomy of medulla interneurons in the optic lobe of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 167 (6): 745-756.
  • Kim, T. & M. K. Rust, 2013. Life history and biology of the invasive Turkestan cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 106 (6): 2428-2432.
  • Kim, M. G., J. Y. Yang & H. S. Lee, 2013. Phototactic behavior: repellent effects of cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), to light-emitting diodes. Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry, 56: 331-333.
  • Ko, A. E., D. N. Bierman, C. Schal & J. Silverman, 2015. Insecticide resistance and diminished secondary kill performance of bait formulations against German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Pest Management Science, 72 (9): 1778-1784.
  • Koehler, P. G., H. R. Agee, N. C. Leppla & R. S. Patterson, 1987. Spectral sensitivity and behavioral response to light quality in the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 80 (6): 820-822.
  • Lee, S. M., J. B. Lee & H. S. Lee, 2015. Controlling Tyrophagus putrescentiae adults in LED-equipped Y-maze chamber. Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry, 58 (2): 101-104.
  • Lipton, G. R. & D. J. Sutherland, 1970a. Activity rhythms in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Journal of Insect Physiology, 16 (8): 1555-1566.
  • Lipton, G. R. & D. J. Sutherland, 1970b. Feeding rhythms in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Journal of Insect Physiology, 16 (9): 1757-1767.
  • Maketon, M., A. Hominchan & D. Hotaka, 2010. Control of American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) and German cockroach (Blattella germanica) by entomopathogenic nematodes. Revista Colombiana de Entomología, 36 (2): 249-253.
  • Ogino, T., T. Uehara, T. Yamaguchi, T. Maeda, N. C. Yoshida & M. Shimoda, 2015. Spectral preference of the predatory bug Orius sauteri (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae). Japanese Jornal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 59 (1): 10-13.
  • Okada, J. & Y. Toh, 1998. Shade response in the escape behaviour of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Zoological Science, 15 (6): 831-835.
  • Özcan, K., H. Tunaz, A. A. Ișıkber & M. K. Er, 2018. Lethal effect of Turkish diatomaceous earth (Bgn-1) against adults of German cockroaches (Blattella germanica L.). Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 463 (2): 743-746.
  • Paranagama, P. A. & E. M. D. S. Ekanayake, 2004. Repellant proporties from essential oil of Alpinia calcarata Rosc. against the American cockroach, Periplanata americana. Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka, 32 (1&2): 1-12.
  • Park, J. H., S. M. Lee, S. G. Lee & H. S. Lee, 2014. Attractive effects efficiency of LED trap on controlling Plutella xylostella adults in greenhouse. Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry, 57 (3): 255-257.
  • Pate, J. & A. Curtis, 2001. Insects response to different wavelengths of light in New River State Park, Ash County, North Carolina. Field Biology and Ecology, 12 (2): 4-8.
  • Prakash, S., C. P. Srivastava, S. Kumar, K. S. Pandey, M. P. Kaushik & K. M. Rao, 1990. N, N-diethylphenyl acetamide-a new repellent for Periplaneta americana (Dictyoptera: Blattidae), Blattella germanica and Supella longipalpa (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 27 (6): 962-967.
  • Rehn, J. A. G., 1945. Man’s uninvited fellow traveler: the cockroach. Science Monthly, 61: 265-276.
  • Rosenstrich, D. L., P. Eggleston, M. Kattan, D. Baker, R.G. Slavin, P. Gergen & F. Malveaux, 1997. The role of cockroach allergy and exposure to cockroach allergen in causing morbidity among inner-city children with asthma. The New England Journal of Medicine, 336 (19): 1356-1363.
  • Rust, M. K., J. M. Owens & D. A. Reierson, 1995. Understanding and Controlling the German cockroach. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 419 pp.
  • Sandhu, G. S. & A. S. Sohi, 1981. Occurrence of different species of cockroaches at Ludhiana Punjab India. The Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 78 (1): 179-181.
  • Seelinger, G., 1984. Sex-specifc activity patterns in Periplaneta americana and their relation to mate-fnding. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 65 (5): 309-326.
  • Shibuya, K., S. Onodera & M. Hori, 2018. Toxic wavelength of blue light changes as insects grow. PloS one, 13 (6): 199-266.
  • Shimoda, M. & K. I. Honda, 2013. Insect reactions to light and its applications to pest management. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 48 (4): 413-421.
  • Tatfeng, Y. M., M. U. Usuanlele, A. Orukpe, A. K. Digban, M. Okodua, F. Oviasogie & A. A. Turay, 2005. Mechanical transmission of pathogenic organisms: role of cockroaches. Journal of Vectore Borne Diseases, 42 (4): 129-134.
  • Tee, H. S., A. R. Saad & C. Y. Lee, 2011. Evaluation of Aprostocetus hagenowii (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) for the control of American cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) in sewers and crevices around buildings. Journal of Economic Entomology, 104 (6): 2031-2038.
  • Toh, Y. & H. Sagara, 1984. Dorsal ocellar system of the American cockroach: I. Structure of the ocellus and ocellar nerve. Journal of Ultrastructure Research, 86 (2): 119-134.
  • Tokushima, Y., T. Uehara, T. Yamaguchi, K. Arikawa, Y. Kainoh & M. Shimoda, 2016. Broadband photoreceptors are involved in violet light preference in the parasitoid fly Exorista japonica. PLOS ONE, 11 (8): 1-16.
  • Uluca, M. & İ. Karaca, 2016. Blatta lateralis Walker (Blattodea: Blattidae) üzerine ultrasonik zararlı kovucuların performansının ölçülmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20 (3): 558-565.
  • Van Langevelde, F., J. A. Ettema, M. Donners, M. F. Wallis DeVries & D. Groenendijk, 2011. Effect of spectral composition of artificial light on the attraction of moths. Biological Conservation, 144 (9): 2274-2281.
  • Vishniakova, V. N., 1982. Yurskie tarakanovye semyeistva Blattulidae fam. nov. (Insecta: Blattida) [Jurassic cockroaches of the family Blattulidae fam. nov. (Insecta: Blattida)]. Paleontological Journal, (2): 69-79.
  • Vršanský, P., 2005. Insect in a drilling core-cockroach Kridla stastia sp.nov. from the Verkhne-Bureinskaya depression in Eastern Russia. Entomological Problems, 35 (2): 115-116.
  • Vršanský, P., 2008. A complete larva of a Mesozoic (Early Cenomanian) cockroach from the Sisteron amber. Geologica Carpathica, 59 (3): 269-272.
  • Wang, S., X. L. Tan, J. P. Michaud, F. Zhang & X. Guo, 2013. Light intensity and wavelength influence development, reproduction and locomotor activity in the predatory flower bug Orius sauteri (Poppius) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). BioControl, 58 (5): 667-674.
  • Weber, G. & M., Renner, 1976. The ocellus of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Blattariae). Cell and Tissue Research, 168 (2): 209-222.
  • Yang, J. Y., B. K. Sung & H. S. Lee, 2015. Phototactic behavior 8: phototactic behavioral responses of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), to light-emitting diodes. Journal of Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry, 58 (3): 359-363.
  • Yilmaz, Y. B. & H. Tunaz, 2013. Fumigant toxicity of some plant essential oils and their selected monoterpenoid components against adult American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Dictyoptera: Blattidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 37 (3): 319-328.
  • Zhukovskaya, M., E. Novikova, P. Saari & R. V. Frolov, 2017. Behavioral responses to visual overstimulation in the cockroach Periplaneta americana L. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 203 (12): 1007-1015.
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Abdullah Burhan Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-9991-2867

Nimet Gençer 0000-0001-8053-5002

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Temmuz 2020
Kabul Tarihi 20 Ekim 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 44 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Burhan, A., & Gençer, N. (2020). The effect of illumination with different light wavelengths on the orientation of Turkestan cockroach, Blatta lateralis (Walker, 1868) (Blattodea: Blattidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 44(4), 477-486. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.774867
AMA Burhan A, Gençer N. The effect of illumination with different light wavelengths on the orientation of Turkestan cockroach, Blatta lateralis (Walker, 1868) (Blattodea: Blattidae). TED. Aralık 2020;44(4):477-486. doi:10.16970/entoted.774867
Chicago Burhan, Abdullah, ve Nimet Gençer. “The Effect of Illumination With Different Light Wavelengths on the Orientation of Turkestan Cockroach, Blatta Lateralis (Walker, 1868) (Blattodea: Blattidae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 44, sy. 4 (Aralık 2020): 477-86. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.774867.
EndNote Burhan A, Gençer N (01 Aralık 2020) The effect of illumination with different light wavelengths on the orientation of Turkestan cockroach, Blatta lateralis (Walker, 1868) (Blattodea: Blattidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology 44 4 477–486.
IEEE A. Burhan ve N. Gençer, “The effect of illumination with different light wavelengths on the orientation of Turkestan cockroach, Blatta lateralis (Walker, 1868) (Blattodea: Blattidae)”, TED, c. 44, sy. 4, ss. 477–486, 2020, doi: 10.16970/entoted.774867.
ISNAD Burhan, Abdullah - Gençer, Nimet. “The Effect of Illumination With Different Light Wavelengths on the Orientation of Turkestan Cockroach, Blatta Lateralis (Walker, 1868) (Blattodea: Blattidae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 44/4 (Aralık 2020), 477-486. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.774867.
JAMA Burhan A, Gençer N. The effect of illumination with different light wavelengths on the orientation of Turkestan cockroach, Blatta lateralis (Walker, 1868) (Blattodea: Blattidae). TED. 2020;44:477–486.
MLA Burhan, Abdullah ve Nimet Gençer. “The Effect of Illumination With Different Light Wavelengths on the Orientation of Turkestan Cockroach, Blatta Lateralis (Walker, 1868) (Blattodea: Blattidae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology, c. 44, sy. 4, 2020, ss. 477-86, doi:10.16970/entoted.774867.
Vancouver Burhan A, Gençer N. The effect of illumination with different light wavelengths on the orientation of Turkestan cockroach, Blatta lateralis (Walker, 1868) (Blattodea: Blattidae). TED. 2020;44(4):477-86.