Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Evaluation of Detergent-Based Washing Machine Wastewater by LCA and EoL Analysis

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 21, 275 - 284, 31.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.824474

Öz

Environmental pollution studies have shown that the detergent problem in the structure of wastewater is increasing rapidly all over the world. Washing machine wastewater, high concentration detergents, surfactant, phosphate, suspended solids, oil, colour, etc. It appears as a part of urban wastewater containing pollutants. In this study, in order to obtain reliable data on the release of detergents and to determine the possible environmental effects of washing machine wastewater, real-scale washing trials were carried out on clothes using a household washing machine. At the end of the washing process, wastewater was collected separately for two different detergents and analyzed. Thus, the environmental impact of the detergent with boron content was also examined. In addition, environmental assessments were made for detergents and washing machine wastewater on the basis of the life cycle and EoL diagrams. As a result, according to the wastewater analysis and EoL diagram, the detergent with boron content in terms of surfactant (104.1 mg / L) and phosphate (1.506 mg / L) compared to the other detergent (MBAS = 220.4 mg/L, phosphate = 8.863 mg/L) proved to be better. 

Kaynakça

  • O. Lade, Z. Gbagba, “Sustainable water supply: Potential of recycling laundry wastewater for domestic use”, Journal of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, vol. 4 (2), 056-060, 2018.
  • A-M. Boulay, J-B. Bayart, C. Bulle, H. Franceschini, M. Motoshita, I. Munoz, S. Pfister, M. Margni, “Analysis of water use impact assessment methods (part B): applicability for water footprinting and decision making with a laundry case study”, International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, vol.20, 865-879, 2015.
  • O. Olabode.H, E. Idongesit.A, Y. Yahaya, A. Yahaya.M, S. Yakubu, B. Fatima.T, “Treatment of domestic laundry waste-water with analar grade activated charcoal and adsorption models with two (langmuir&freundich) and three (elovich) parameters isotherms”, IJCIRAS, vol. 2 (6), 1448, 2019.
  • S.K. Tripathi, U. Khan, “Removal efficiency and adsorption aspects of sand & bagasse for residual surfactant from laundry wastewater (LW)”, International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, vol. 8 (3), 7804-7808, 2019.
  • S. Veli, A. Arslan, Ç. Gülümser, E. Topkaya, H. Kurtkulak, Ş. Zeybek, A. Dimoglo, M. İşgören, “Advanced treatment of pre-treated commercial laundry wastewater by adsorption process: experimental design and cost evaluation”, MATEC Web of Conferences, vol. 280, 05002, 2019.
  • E. Siswoyo, A.W. Utari, L.G.N. Mungkari, “Adsorption combined phytoremediation system for treatment of laundry wastewater”, International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, vol. 8 (3), 7804-7808, 2019.
  • M.Y. Ashfaq, H. Qiblawey, “Laundry wastewater treatment using ultrafiltration under different operating conditions”, International AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 2022, 020002, 2018.
  • M. Dai, J. Guo, X. Xue, Y. Feng, “Preparation and investigation of high‑efficiency antibacterial Liquid dishwashing detergent”, Transactions of Tianjin University, vol. 25, 322-329, 2019.
  • K. Jardak, P. Drogui, R. Daghrir, “Surfactants in aquatic and terrestrial environment: occurrence, behavior, and treatment processes”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 23, 3195-3216, 2016.
  • M. Giagnorio, A. Amelio, H. Grüttner, A. Tiraferri, “Environmental impacts of detergents and benefits of their recovery in the laundering industry”, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 154, 593-601, 2017.
  • G.O. Bianchetti, C.L. Devlin, K.R. Seddon, “Bleaching systems in domestic laundry detergents: a review”, RSC Advances, vol. 5, 65365-65384, 2015.
  • TS EN ISO 14040, “Çevre yönetimi - Hayat boyu değerlendirme - İlkeler ve çerçeve”, 2007.
  • EPA, “LCA of Clothes Washing Options for City West Water’s Residential Customers” Life Cycle Assessment - Final Technical Report, 2007.
  • M. Ordu, “Çevresel etkinin zaman içerisindeki değişiminin yaşam döngüsü analiziyle değerlendirilmesi: Bursa organize sanayi bölgesi su üretim tesisi örneği”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2017.
  • P. Yapıcıoğlu, Ö. Demir, “Çamur arıtımının yaşam döngüsü değerlendirilmesi-genel bakış”, Harran Üniversitesi Mühendislik Dergisi, vol. 2, 78-92, 2017.
  • Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 23 edition, American Public Health Association, 2017.
  • V.V. Patil, P.R. Gogate, A.P. Bhat, P.K. Ghosh, “Treatment of laundry wastewater containing residual surfactants using combined approaches based on ozone, catalyst and cavitation”, Seperation and Purification Technology, vol. 239, 116594, 2020.
  • J. Burrows, R.J. Crawford, P.J. Norris, D.C. Thorley, Laundry detergent composition, US7078373B2, 2006. https://patents.google.com/patent/US7078373B2/en (accessed May 24, 2020).
  • M.A.L. Zavala, E. E. Estrada, “The contribution of the type of detergent to domestic laundry graywater composition and its effect on treatment performance”, Water, vol. 8, 214, 2016.
  • J.K. Braga, M.B.A. Varesche, “Commercial laundry water characterization”, American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, vol. 5, 8-164, 2014.
  • B.G. Choobar, M.A.A. Shahmirzadi, A. Kargari, M. Manouchehri, “Fouling mechanism identification and analysis in microfiltration of laundry wastewater”, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, vol. 7, 103030, 2019.
  • A.G.L. Moura, V.B. Centurion, D.Y. Okada, F. Motteran, T.P. Delforno, V.M. Oliveira, M.B.A. Varesche, “Laundry wastewater and domestic sewage pilot-scale anaerobic treatment: microbial community resilience regarding sulfide production”, Journal of Enviromental Management, vol. 251, 109495, 2019.
  • O. Turkay, S. Barışçı, M. Sillanpaa, “E-peroxone process for the treatment of laundry wastewater: A case study”, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, vol. 5, 4282-4290, 2017.
  • J.V.S.R. Lopes, R.J. Young, C.S. de Azevedo, “Effects of the neutral household detergent on the behaviour and personality of guppy Poecilia reticulata (Peters, 1859) (Osteichthyes: Poeciliidae)”, Acta Ethologica, vol. 22, 113-123, 2019.
  • F.D. Falco, E.D. Pace, M. Cocca, M. Avella, “The contribution of Washing processes of synthetic clothes to microplastic pollution”, Scientific Reports, vol. 9, 6633, 2019.
  • H.K. Mcılwraith, J. Lin, L.M. Erdle, N. Mallos, M.L. Diamond, C.M. Rochman, “Capturing microfibers – marketed technologies reduce microfiber emissions from washing machines”, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 139, 40-45, 2019.
  • R. Geyer, J.R. Jambeck, K.L. Law, “ Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made”, Science Advances, vol. 3 (7), e1700782, 2017.
  • J.C. Prata, “Microplastics in wastewater: state of the knowledge on sources, fate and solutions. Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 129, 262-265, 2018.
  • A.P.W. Barrows, S.E. Cathey, C.W. Petersen, “ Marine environment microfiber contamination: global patterns and the diversity of microparticle origins”, Environmental Pollution, vol. 237, 275-284, 2018.
  • A.C. Kogawa, B.G. Cernic, L.G.D. do Couto, H.R.N. Salgado, “Synthetic detergents: 100 years of history”, Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, vol. 25, 934-938, 2017.
  • R. Dris, J. Gasperi, V. Rocher, M. Saad, N. Renault, B. Tassin, “Microplastic contamination in an urban area: a case study in Greater Paris”, Environmental Chemistry, vol. 12 (5), 592-599, 2015.
  • I.E. Napper, A. Bakir, S.J. Rowland, R.C. Thompson, “Characterisation, quantity and sorptive properties of microplastics extracted from cosmetics”, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 99, 39-45, 2016.
  • I.E. Napper, R.C. Thompson, “Release of synthetic microplastic plastic fibres from domestic Washing machines: Effects of fabric type and washing conditions”, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 112 (5), 592-599, 2015.
  • A. Gallagher, A. Rees, R. Rowe, J. Stevens, P. Wright, “Microplastic in the Solent estuarine complex, UK: an initial assessment”, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 102 (2), 243-249, 2016.
  • J.A. Ivar do Sul, M.F. Costa, “The present and future of microplastic pollution in the marine environment”, Environmental Pollution, vol. 185, 352-364, 2014.
  • F.E. Duran, D.M. de Araujo, C. Do Nascimento Brito, E.V. Santos, S.O. Ganiyu, C.A. Martinez-Huitle, “Electrochemical technology for the treatment of real washing machine effluent at pre-pilot plant scale by using active and non-active anodes”, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, vol. 818, 216-222, 2018.
  • S.A. Mousavi, F. Khodadoost, “Effects of detergents on natural ecosystems and wastewater treatment processes: a review”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 26, 26439-26448, 2019.

Deterjan bazlı çamaşır makinesi atık suyunun YDA ve EoL analizi ile değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 21, 275 - 284, 31.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.824474

Öz

Çevre kirliliği çalışmaları, tüm dünyada özellikle atıksuyun yapısında yer alan deterjan sorununun hızla arttığını göstermiştir. Çamaşır yıkamadan kaynaklı atıksularda bunlardan biri olup çamaşır makinesi atıksuyu, yüksek konsantrasyonlu deterjanlar, sürfaktan, fosfat, askıda katı maddeler, yağ, renk vb. kirleticileri içeren kentsel atıksuyun bir parçası olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, deterjanların salınımı hakkında güvenilir veriler elde etmek ve çamaşır makinesi atıksularının olası çevresel etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla, ev tipi çamaşır makinesi kullanılarak giysiler üzerinde gerçek ölçekte çamaşır makinesinde yıkama denemeleri yapılmıştır. Yıkama işlemi sonunda atıksular iki farklı deterjan için ayrı ayrı toplanıp analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu sayede bor içeriğine sahip deterjanın çevresel etki boyutu da incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, deterjanlar ve çamaşır makinesi atıksuyu için yaşam döngüsü ve EoL diyagramları temelinde çevresel değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Sonuçta, yapılan atıksu analizlerine ve EoL diyagramına göre bor içeriğine sahip deterjanın yüzey aktif madde (MBAS) (104.1 mg/L) ve fosfat (1.506 mg/L) açısından diğer deterjana (MBAS=220.4 mg/L, fosfat=8.863 mg/L) göre daha iyi olduğu ortaya konmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • O. Lade, Z. Gbagba, “Sustainable water supply: Potential of recycling laundry wastewater for domestic use”, Journal of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, vol. 4 (2), 056-060, 2018.
  • A-M. Boulay, J-B. Bayart, C. Bulle, H. Franceschini, M. Motoshita, I. Munoz, S. Pfister, M. Margni, “Analysis of water use impact assessment methods (part B): applicability for water footprinting and decision making with a laundry case study”, International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, vol.20, 865-879, 2015.
  • O. Olabode.H, E. Idongesit.A, Y. Yahaya, A. Yahaya.M, S. Yakubu, B. Fatima.T, “Treatment of domestic laundry waste-water with analar grade activated charcoal and adsorption models with two (langmuir&freundich) and three (elovich) parameters isotherms”, IJCIRAS, vol. 2 (6), 1448, 2019.
  • S.K. Tripathi, U. Khan, “Removal efficiency and adsorption aspects of sand & bagasse for residual surfactant from laundry wastewater (LW)”, International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, vol. 8 (3), 7804-7808, 2019.
  • S. Veli, A. Arslan, Ç. Gülümser, E. Topkaya, H. Kurtkulak, Ş. Zeybek, A. Dimoglo, M. İşgören, “Advanced treatment of pre-treated commercial laundry wastewater by adsorption process: experimental design and cost evaluation”, MATEC Web of Conferences, vol. 280, 05002, 2019.
  • E. Siswoyo, A.W. Utari, L.G.N. Mungkari, “Adsorption combined phytoremediation system for treatment of laundry wastewater”, International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, vol. 8 (3), 7804-7808, 2019.
  • M.Y. Ashfaq, H. Qiblawey, “Laundry wastewater treatment using ultrafiltration under different operating conditions”, International AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 2022, 020002, 2018.
  • M. Dai, J. Guo, X. Xue, Y. Feng, “Preparation and investigation of high‑efficiency antibacterial Liquid dishwashing detergent”, Transactions of Tianjin University, vol. 25, 322-329, 2019.
  • K. Jardak, P. Drogui, R. Daghrir, “Surfactants in aquatic and terrestrial environment: occurrence, behavior, and treatment processes”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 23, 3195-3216, 2016.
  • M. Giagnorio, A. Amelio, H. Grüttner, A. Tiraferri, “Environmental impacts of detergents and benefits of their recovery in the laundering industry”, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 154, 593-601, 2017.
  • G.O. Bianchetti, C.L. Devlin, K.R. Seddon, “Bleaching systems in domestic laundry detergents: a review”, RSC Advances, vol. 5, 65365-65384, 2015.
  • TS EN ISO 14040, “Çevre yönetimi - Hayat boyu değerlendirme - İlkeler ve çerçeve”, 2007.
  • EPA, “LCA of Clothes Washing Options for City West Water’s Residential Customers” Life Cycle Assessment - Final Technical Report, 2007.
  • M. Ordu, “Çevresel etkinin zaman içerisindeki değişiminin yaşam döngüsü analiziyle değerlendirilmesi: Bursa organize sanayi bölgesi su üretim tesisi örneği”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2017.
  • P. Yapıcıoğlu, Ö. Demir, “Çamur arıtımının yaşam döngüsü değerlendirilmesi-genel bakış”, Harran Üniversitesi Mühendislik Dergisi, vol. 2, 78-92, 2017.
  • Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 23 edition, American Public Health Association, 2017.
  • V.V. Patil, P.R. Gogate, A.P. Bhat, P.K. Ghosh, “Treatment of laundry wastewater containing residual surfactants using combined approaches based on ozone, catalyst and cavitation”, Seperation and Purification Technology, vol. 239, 116594, 2020.
  • J. Burrows, R.J. Crawford, P.J. Norris, D.C. Thorley, Laundry detergent composition, US7078373B2, 2006. https://patents.google.com/patent/US7078373B2/en (accessed May 24, 2020).
  • M.A.L. Zavala, E. E. Estrada, “The contribution of the type of detergent to domestic laundry graywater composition and its effect on treatment performance”, Water, vol. 8, 214, 2016.
  • J.K. Braga, M.B.A. Varesche, “Commercial laundry water characterization”, American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, vol. 5, 8-164, 2014.
  • B.G. Choobar, M.A.A. Shahmirzadi, A. Kargari, M. Manouchehri, “Fouling mechanism identification and analysis in microfiltration of laundry wastewater”, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, vol. 7, 103030, 2019.
  • A.G.L. Moura, V.B. Centurion, D.Y. Okada, F. Motteran, T.P. Delforno, V.M. Oliveira, M.B.A. Varesche, “Laundry wastewater and domestic sewage pilot-scale anaerobic treatment: microbial community resilience regarding sulfide production”, Journal of Enviromental Management, vol. 251, 109495, 2019.
  • O. Turkay, S. Barışçı, M. Sillanpaa, “E-peroxone process for the treatment of laundry wastewater: A case study”, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, vol. 5, 4282-4290, 2017.
  • J.V.S.R. Lopes, R.J. Young, C.S. de Azevedo, “Effects of the neutral household detergent on the behaviour and personality of guppy Poecilia reticulata (Peters, 1859) (Osteichthyes: Poeciliidae)”, Acta Ethologica, vol. 22, 113-123, 2019.
  • F.D. Falco, E.D. Pace, M. Cocca, M. Avella, “The contribution of Washing processes of synthetic clothes to microplastic pollution”, Scientific Reports, vol. 9, 6633, 2019.
  • H.K. Mcılwraith, J. Lin, L.M. Erdle, N. Mallos, M.L. Diamond, C.M. Rochman, “Capturing microfibers – marketed technologies reduce microfiber emissions from washing machines”, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 139, 40-45, 2019.
  • R. Geyer, J.R. Jambeck, K.L. Law, “ Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made”, Science Advances, vol. 3 (7), e1700782, 2017.
  • J.C. Prata, “Microplastics in wastewater: state of the knowledge on sources, fate and solutions. Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 129, 262-265, 2018.
  • A.P.W. Barrows, S.E. Cathey, C.W. Petersen, “ Marine environment microfiber contamination: global patterns and the diversity of microparticle origins”, Environmental Pollution, vol. 237, 275-284, 2018.
  • A.C. Kogawa, B.G. Cernic, L.G.D. do Couto, H.R.N. Salgado, “Synthetic detergents: 100 years of history”, Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, vol. 25, 934-938, 2017.
  • R. Dris, J. Gasperi, V. Rocher, M. Saad, N. Renault, B. Tassin, “Microplastic contamination in an urban area: a case study in Greater Paris”, Environmental Chemistry, vol. 12 (5), 592-599, 2015.
  • I.E. Napper, A. Bakir, S.J. Rowland, R.C. Thompson, “Characterisation, quantity and sorptive properties of microplastics extracted from cosmetics”, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 99, 39-45, 2016.
  • I.E. Napper, R.C. Thompson, “Release of synthetic microplastic plastic fibres from domestic Washing machines: Effects of fabric type and washing conditions”, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 112 (5), 592-599, 2015.
  • A. Gallagher, A. Rees, R. Rowe, J. Stevens, P. Wright, “Microplastic in the Solent estuarine complex, UK: an initial assessment”, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 102 (2), 243-249, 2016.
  • J.A. Ivar do Sul, M.F. Costa, “The present and future of microplastic pollution in the marine environment”, Environmental Pollution, vol. 185, 352-364, 2014.
  • F.E. Duran, D.M. de Araujo, C. Do Nascimento Brito, E.V. Santos, S.O. Ganiyu, C.A. Martinez-Huitle, “Electrochemical technology for the treatment of real washing machine effluent at pre-pilot plant scale by using active and non-active anodes”, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, vol. 818, 216-222, 2018.
  • S.A. Mousavi, F. Khodadoost, “Effects of detergents on natural ecosystems and wastewater treatment processes: a review”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 26, 26439-26448, 2019.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hakan Çelebi 0000-0002-7726-128X

Tolga Bahadır 0000-0001-9647-0338

İsmail Şimşek 0000-0003-1950-5159

Şevket Tulun 0000-0002-0570-7617

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 21

Kaynak Göster

APA Çelebi, H., Bahadır, T., Şimşek, İ., Tulun, Ş. (2021). Deterjan bazlı çamaşır makinesi atık suyunun YDA ve EoL analizi ile değerlendirilmesi. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(21), 275-284. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.824474