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Technical, Economic and Environmental Optimization of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Integrated Photovoltaic Panel and Energy Storage with Different Climatic Characteristics

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 1913 - 1929, 24.10.2023

Alpaslan Demirci Zafer Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1248158

Öz

The increasing population in the world, the rapid development of technology, and the modern lifestyle leading society to more consumption increase the energy demand. Meeting the demand for energy widely from conventional sources creates many environmental and economic problems, especially global warming. Moreover, energy consumption devices' low efficiency and dependence on traditional resources further complicate the situation. Therefore, it is essential to electrify internal combustion vehicles, which have approximately 20% of fossil-based energy consumption, and to meet their energy demands with renewable energy systems (RES). In this study, the integration potential of electric vehicle (EV) charge stations with solar photovoltaic panels (PV) and energy storage systems (ESS) was investigated, and their technical, economic, and environmental effects were optimized. In addition, the effects of the proposed model in geographical regions with different climatic characteristics were determined by sensitivity analysis. The results showed that unit energy costs increased up to 21% due to climatic differences, and the best result was obtained in the province of Izmir with $0.046/kWh. ESSs used to reduce the clipped energy and increase clean energy consumption have caused the depreciation process to approach project life in cities with low solar radiation potential. On the other hand, the amortization period in hybrid models with PV decreased to 7.88 years. The results showed that PV-ESS-integrated EV charge stations might have different technical, economic, and environmental effects depending on the region's climatic characteristics. Developing infrastructure and investor incentive mechanisms is necessary by considering these situations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Electric vehicle charging station Hybrid power system Optimization Photovoltaic panel Zero carbon targets.

Kaynakça

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Farklı İklim Özelliklerine Sahip Fotovoltaik Panel ve Enerji Depolama Entegreli Elektrikli Araç Şarj İstasyonlarının Teknik, Ekonomik ve Çevresel Optimizasyonu

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 1913 - 1929, 24.10.2023

Alpaslan Demirci Zafer Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1248158

Öz

Dünya’da artan nüfus, teknolojinin hızla gelişimi ve modern yaşam şeklinin toplumu daha fazla tüketime yönlendirmesi enerjiye olan talebi artırmaktadır. Talep edilen enerjinin yaygın olarak konvansiyonel kaynaklardan karşılanması küresel ısınma başta olmak üzere birçok çevresel ve ekonomik problem oluşturmaktadır. Dahası enerji tüketim araçlarının verimliliklerinin düşük olması ve daha çok konvansiyonel kaynaklara bağımlılığı bu durumu daha da kötüleştirmektedir. Dolayısı ile özellikle fosil kaynaklı enerji tüketiminin yaklaşık %20’sine sahip içten yanmalı araçların elektrikli hale getirilmesi ve bunların enerji taleplerinin yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları (YEK) ile karşılanması çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmada elektrikli araç (EA) şarj istasyonlarının solar fotovoltaik panel (FV) ve enerji depolama sistemleri (EDS) ile entegrasyon potansiyeli araştırılmış ve teknik, ekonomik ve çevresel etkileri optimize edilmiştir. Ek olarak önerilen modelin farklı iklimsel özelliklere sahip coğrafi bölgelerdeki etkileri yapılan hassasiyet analizleri ile tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar birim enerji maliyetlerinin iklimsel farklılıklara bağlı olarak %21’e kadar artış gösterdiğini ve en iyi sonucun 0,046 $/kWh ile İzmir ilinde elde edildiğini göstermiştir. Kullanılamayan yenilenebilir enerji oranını azaltmak ve temiz enerji tüketimini artırmak amacıyla kullanılan EDS’ler, solar radyasyon potansiyeli düşük olan şehirlerde amortisman sürecinin proje ömrüne yaklaşmasına sebep olmuştur. Diğer taraftan FV’li hibrit modellerde amortisman süreci 7,88 yıla kadar düşmüştür. Sonuçlar FV-EDS entegreli EA şarj istasyonlarının bulundukları bölge iklim özelliklerine bağlı olarak farklı teknik, ekonomik ve çevresel etkilere sahip olabileceğini göstermiştir. Bu durumlar dikkate alınarak altyapı ve yatırımcı teşvik mekanizmalarının geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Elektrikli araç şarj istasyonları Fotovoltaik panel Hibrit güç sistemleri Optimizasyon Sıfır karbon hedefi

Kaynakça

  • [1] T. Igogo, K. Awuah-Offei, A. Newman, T. Lowder, and J. Engel-Cox, “Integrating renewable energy into mining operations: Opportunities, challenges, and enabling approaches,” Applied Energy, vol. 300, p. 117375, pp. 1-13, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117375.
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  • [3] O. Ekren, C. Hakan Canbaz, and Ç. B. Güvel, “Sizing of a solar-wind hybrid electric vehicle charging station by using HOMER software,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 279, p. 123615, pp. 1-13, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123615.
  • [4] M. Economidou, V. Todeschi, P. Bertoldi, D. D’Agostino, P. Zangheri, and L. Castellazzi, “Review of 50 years of EU energy efficiency policies for buildings,” Energy and Buildings, vol. 225, p. 110322, pp. 1-20, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110322.
  • [5] K. Ruamsuke, S. Dhakal, and C. O. P. Marpaung, “Energy and economic impacts of the global climate change policy on Southeast Asian countries: A general equilibrium analysis,” Energy, vol. 81, pp. 446–461, Mar. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2014.12.057.
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  • [18] S. S. Bilgilioğlu, “Site Selection for Electric Vehicle Charging Station with Geographic Information Systems and Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process,” Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Science and Engineering Sciences, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 165–174, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.35414/akufemubid.1013244.
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  • [28] U. Fretzen, M. Ansarin, and T. Brandt, “Temporal city-scale matching of solar photovoltaic generation and electric vehicle charging,” Applied Energy, vol. 282, p. 116160, pp. 1-13, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116160.
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  • [30] O. Hafez, and K. Bhattacharya, “Optimal design of electric vehicle charging stations considering various energy resources,” Renewable Energy, vol. 107, pp. 576–589, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2017.01.066.
  • [31] A. K. Mathur, C. Teja S, and P. K. Yemula, “Optimal Charging Schedule for Electric Vehicles in Parking Lot with Solar Power Generation,” in 2018 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT Asia), Singapore, May 2018, pp. 611–615, doi: 10.1109/ISGT-Asia.2018.8467916.
  • [32] A. Demirci, “Optimal Sizing of Solar-Based Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Considering Charging Demand and Economic Dynamics,” Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University Journal of Engineering Sciences, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.28948/ngumuh.1321628.
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  • [35] M. Suri, and T. Cebecauer. (2023, Jun 5). Global Solar Atlas Solargis [Online]. Available: https://solargis.com/maps-and-gis-data/download/turkey.
  • [36] HOMER Grid. (2023, Jun 2). Hybrid Optimization Model for Multiple Energy Resources Grid Help [Online]. Available: https://www.homerenergy.com/products/grid/docs/1.8/index.html.
  • [37] J. M. Clairand, M. Arriaga, C. A. Canizares, and C. Alvarez-Bel, “Power Generation Planning of Galapagos’ Microgrid Considering Electric Vehicles and Induction Stoves,” IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1916–1926, 2019, doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2018.2876059.
  • [38] A. Zervos, and E. Adlib, “Renewables 2021, Global Status Report,” Renewables (REN21), France (Paris), 2021.
  • [39] Z. Öztürk, and A. Demirci, “Optimization of Renewable Energy Hybrid Power Systems Under Different Penetration and Grid Tariffs,” Journal of Polytechnic, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 1267-1275, 2023, doi: 10.2339/politeknik.1246418.
  • [40] S. M. Tercan, A. Demirci, E. Gokalp, and U. Cali, “Maximizing self-consumption rates and power quality towards two-stage evaluation for solar energy and shared energy storage empowered microgrids,” Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 51, p. 104561, pp. 1-13, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.est.2022.104561.
  • [41] A. Demirci, Z. Öztürk, and S. M. Tercan, “Decision-making between hybrid renewable energy configurations and grid extension in rural areas for different climate zones,” Energy, vol. 262, p. 125402, pp. 1-14, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.125402.
  • [42] Z. Öztürk, S. Tosun, and A. Öztürk, “Modeling of a Sample Hybrid Renewable Energy System with HOMER, Economic and Technical Analysis,” Bayburt University Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 286–299, 2019.
  • [43] V. Boddapati, A. Rakesh Kumar, S. Arul Daniel, and S. Padmanaban, “Design and prospective assessment of a hybrid energy-based electric vehicle charging station,” Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 53, p. 102389, pp. 1-17, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2022.102389.
  • [44] Z. Öztürk, A. Demirci, S. Tosun, and A. Öztürk, “Technic and Economic Effects of Changes in the Location of Industrial Facilities in Industrializing Regions on Power Systems,” in 2021 13th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ELECO), Bursa (Türkiye), Nov. 2021, pp. 11–17, doi: 10.23919/ELECO54474.2021.9677827.
  • [45] Trading Economics. (2023, Jun 13). Inflation Rate (World) [Online]. Available: https://tradingeconomics.com/country-list/inflation-rate?continent=world.
  • [46] A. Demirci, Z. Öztürk, S. M. Tercan, and İ. Nakir, “Determination of photovoltaic inverter ratio minimizing energy clipping for electric vehicle charging station under different solar radiations,” in 2022 International Congress on Human-Computer Interaction, Optimization and Robotic Applications (HORA), Ankara (Türkiye), Jun. 2022, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/HORA55278.2022.9799890.
  • [47] F. L. Camera, “Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2020,” International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), Abu Dhabi, 2020.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Alpaslan Demirci 0000-0002-1038-7224

Zafer Öztürk 0000-0002-1947-9053

Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Ekim 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Demirci, A., & Öztürk, Z. (2023). Farklı İklim Özelliklerine Sahip Fotovoltaik Panel ve Enerji Depolama Entegreli Elektrikli Araç Şarj İstasyonlarının Teknik, Ekonomik ve Çevresel Optimizasyonu. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 11(4), 1913-1929. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1248158
AMA Demirci A, Öztürk Z. Farklı İklim Özelliklerine Sahip Fotovoltaik Panel ve Enerji Depolama Entegreli Elektrikli Araç Şarj İstasyonlarının Teknik, Ekonomik ve Çevresel Optimizasyonu. DÜBİTED. Ekim 2023;11(4):1913-1929. doi:10.29130/dubited.1248158
Chicago Demirci, Alpaslan, ve Zafer Öztürk. “Farklı İklim Özelliklerine Sahip Fotovoltaik Panel Ve Enerji Depolama Entegreli Elektrikli Araç Şarj İstasyonlarının Teknik, Ekonomik Ve Çevresel Optimizasyonu”. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi 11, sy. 4 (Ekim 2023): 1913-29. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1248158.
EndNote Demirci A, Öztürk Z (01 Ekim 2023) Farklı İklim Özelliklerine Sahip Fotovoltaik Panel ve Enerji Depolama Entegreli Elektrikli Araç Şarj İstasyonlarının Teknik, Ekonomik ve Çevresel Optimizasyonu. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 11 4 1913–1929.
IEEE A. Demirci ve Z. Öztürk, “Farklı İklim Özelliklerine Sahip Fotovoltaik Panel ve Enerji Depolama Entegreli Elektrikli Araç Şarj İstasyonlarının Teknik, Ekonomik ve Çevresel Optimizasyonu”, DÜBİTED, c. 11, sy. 4, ss. 1913–1929, 2023, doi: 10.29130/dubited.1248158.
ISNAD Demirci, Alpaslan - Öztürk, Zafer. “Farklı İklim Özelliklerine Sahip Fotovoltaik Panel Ve Enerji Depolama Entegreli Elektrikli Araç Şarj İstasyonlarının Teknik, Ekonomik Ve Çevresel Optimizasyonu”. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 11/4 (Ekim 2023), 1913-1929. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1248158.
JAMA Demirci A, Öztürk Z. Farklı İklim Özelliklerine Sahip Fotovoltaik Panel ve Enerji Depolama Entegreli Elektrikli Araç Şarj İstasyonlarının Teknik, Ekonomik ve Çevresel Optimizasyonu. DÜBİTED. 2023;11:1913–1929.
MLA Demirci, Alpaslan ve Zafer Öztürk. “Farklı İklim Özelliklerine Sahip Fotovoltaik Panel Ve Enerji Depolama Entegreli Elektrikli Araç Şarj İstasyonlarının Teknik, Ekonomik Ve Çevresel Optimizasyonu”. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, c. 11, sy. 4, 2023, ss. 1913-29, doi:10.29130/dubited.1248158.
Vancouver Demirci A, Öztürk Z. Farklı İklim Özelliklerine Sahip Fotovoltaik Panel ve Enerji Depolama Entegreli Elektrikli Araç Şarj İstasyonlarının Teknik, Ekonomik ve Çevresel Optimizasyonu. DÜBİTED. 2023;11(4):1913-29.
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