Araştırma Makalesi
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Variation in Soil Properties and Nutrient Stocks Under Different Forest Tree Species with Altitude, Aspect and Soil Depths

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2, 279 - 294, 15.08.2023

Temel Sarıyıldız Gamze Savacı

https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1256500

Öz

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of altitude, slope aspect, and tree species on soil macro (C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and micronutrient (Fe, Mn, Na, Cu, Zn, Al) concentrations and stocks. Four tree species (Scots pine, black pine, beech, and oak), three soil depths (0-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm), two aspect positions (sunny and shady), and two altitudes (1189 m and 871 m) were considered for this study. The results showed that beech had the highest C (57.7 ton/ha), N (3.32 ton/ha), and P (0.181 ton/ha) stocks and oak had the lowest (39.7-ton C ha-1; 2.37-ton N ha-1, 0.115-ton P ha-1). Among the tree species, the highest calcium stock was found in black pine (3.64 tons/ha) and oak (2.41 tons/ha), the lowest in Scotch pine (0.73 tons/ha) and beech (0.67 tons/ha), while the highest potassium was seen in scotch pine (3.60 tons/ha), followed by beech (2.92 tons/ha), black pine (2.16 tons/ha) and the lowest in oak (1.03 tons/ha). Macronutrient stocks also differed between upper and lower altitudes and shady and sunny aspects, but the direction of the differences varied according to tree species and macronutrient element. Differences in micronutrient stocks were generally in the same direction. Micronutrient stocks were higher in the upper altitudes and sunny aspect position. Among tree species, Scots pine and beech stands had more micronutrient stocks than black pine and oak stands.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Soil nutrient stocks topography deciduous trees coniferous trees aspect

Kaynakça

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Farklı Orman Ağaç Türleri Altındaki Toprak Özelliklerinin ve Besin Stoklarının Yükselti, Bakı ve Toprak Derinliğine Göre Değişimi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2, 279 - 294, 15.08.2023

Temel Sarıyıldız Gamze Savacı

https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1256500

Öz

Çalışma toprak makro (C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg) ve mikro (Fe, Mn, Na, Cu, Zn, Al) besin stoklarına, yükselti, bakı ve ağaç türlerinin etkisini araştırmak için Kastamonu ili Daday ilçesi ormanlarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, dört ağaç türünde (sarıçam, karaçam, kayın ve meşe) ve üç toprak derinliğinden (0-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm) olmak üzere iki bakı (güneşli ve gölgeli) ve iki yükselti basamağında (1189 m ve 871 m) örnek alanlar seçilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, türler arasında en yüksek C (57.7 ton/ha), N (3.32 ton/ha) ve P (0.181 ton/ha) stoku kayın, en düşük meşede (39.7-ton C ha-1; 2.37-ton N ha-1, 0.115-ton P ha-1) bulunmuştur. Ağaç türleri arasında ortalama değerlere göre en yüksek kalsiyum stoku karaçamda (3.64 ton/ha) ve meşede (2.41 ton/ha), en düşük sarıçam (0.73 ton/ha) ve kayında (0.67 ton/ha) tespit edilirken, en yüksek potasyum stoku sarıçamda (3.60 ton/ha), sonrasında kayında (2.92 ton/ha), karaçamda (2.16 ton/ha) ve en düşük meşede (1.03 ton/ha) tespit edilmiştir. Makro besin stoklarının yükselti ile bakıya bağlı olarak önemli değişiklik gösterdiği, fakat değişikliğin yönünün ağaç türü ve besin elementine göre farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Mikro besin stoklarında farklılıklar genel olarak aynı yönde değişim göstermiştir. Mikro besin stokları üst rakım ve güneşli bakılarda daha yüksek, türler arasında ise sarıçam ve kayında, karaçam ve meşeden daha fazla bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Toprak besin stokları topografya yapraklı türler iğne yapraklı türler bakı

Kaynakça

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  • Aitali, R., Snoussi, M., Kolker, A.S., Oujidi, B., Mhammdi, N. (2022). Effects of Land Use/Land Cover Changes on Carbon Storage in North African Coastal Wetlands. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 10, 364. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10030364
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  • Beets, P.N., Oliver, G.R., Clinton, P.W. (2002). Soil carbon protection in podocarp/ hardwood forest, and effects of conversion to pasture and exotic pine forest. Environmental Pollution. 116, 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00248-2
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  • Kitayama, K., Aiba, S.I. (2002). Ecosystem structure and productivity of tropical rain forests along altitudinal gradients with contrasting soil phosphorus pools on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. Journal of Ecology. 90(1), 37–51. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-0477.2001.00634.x
  • Koerselman, W., Meuleman, A.F.M. (1996). The Vegetation N:P Ratio: A New Tool to Detect the Nature of Nutrient Limitation. The Journal of Applied Ecology. 33, 1441-1450.https://doi.org/10.2307/2404783
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  • Lal, R. (2005). Forest soils and carbon sequestration. Forest Ecology and Management. 220, 242-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.08.015
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  • Maetouq, M.A.M. (2021). Farklı meşcerelerde toprakta ve ölü örtüde depolanan karbon miktarının belirlenmesi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Kastamonu Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 42 pages.
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  • Mısır, N., Mısır, M., Ülker, C. (2011). Karbon Depolama Kapasitesinin Belirlenmesi. I. Ulusal Akdeniz Orman ve Çevre Sempozyumu, 26-28 Ekim. Kahramanmaraş, s. 524-531.
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  • Moser, G., Hertel, D., Leuschner, C. (2007). Altitudinal change in LAI and stand leaf biomass in tropical montane forests: a transect study in Ecuador and a pantropical meta-analysis. Ecosystems. 10:924–935. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-007-9063-6
  • Mulder, C.P.H., Keall, S. (2001). Burrowing seabirds and reptiles: impacts on seeds, seedlings and soils in an island forest in New Zealand. Oecologia, 127, 350–360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420000600
  • Özdemir, N. (2019). Farklı topografik yapı ve arazi kullanım koşullarında hacim ağırlığı ile bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal toprak özellikleri arasındaki ilişkiler. Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi, 7(2), 86-91.
  • Post, W.M. Kwon, K.C. (2000). Soil Carbon Sequestration and Land-Use Change: Processes and Potential. Global Change Biology. 6, 317-327.http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00308.x
  • Post, W.M., Emanuel, W.R., Zinke, P.J., Stangenberger, A.G. (1982). Soil carbon pools and world life zones. Nature. 298, 155–159. https://doi.org/10.1038/298156a0
  • Raich, J.W., Russell, A.E., Kitayama, K., Parton, W.J., Vitousek, P.M. (2006). Temperature influences carbon accumulation in moist tropical forests. Ecology. 87, 76–87. https://doi.org/10.1890/05-0023
  • Rawlik, M., Kasprowicz, M., Jagodziński, A. M., Rawlik, K., Kaźmierowski, C. (2019). Slope exposure and forest stand type as crucial factors determining the decomposition rate of herbaceous litter on a reclaimed spoil heap. Catena. 175, 219–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2018.12.008
  • Rodrigues, A.C., Villa, P.M., Ferreira-Júnior, W.G. et al. (2021). Effects of topographic variability and forest attributes on fine-scale soil fertility in late-secondary succession of Atlantic Forest. Ecological Processes. 10, 62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-021-00333-1
  • Salinas, N., Malhi, Y., Meir, P., Silman, M., Roman Cuesta, R., Huaman, J., Salinas, D., Huaman, V., Gibaja, A., Mamani, M., et al. (2010). The sensitivity of tropical leaf litter decomposition to temperature: results from a large-scale leaf translocation experiment along an elevation gradient in Peruvian forests. New Phytologist. 89, 967–977. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03521.x
  • Sardans, J., Alonso, R., Janssens, I.A., Carnicer, J., Vereseglou, S., Rillig, M.C., et al. (2016). Foliar and soil concentrations and stoichiometry of nitrogen and phosphorous across European Pinus sylvestris forests: relationships with climate, N deposition and tree growth. Functional Ecology. 30(5), 676–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12541
  • Sariyildiz, T., Aygün, D.Ö., Parlak, S., Tani, M. (2022a). Effects of Land Use Types and soil Depths on Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen Stocks of Karacabey Floodplain Forests in Northwest Turkey. Wetlands. 42:102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-022-01612-z
  • Sarıyıldız, T., Savacı, G., Parlak, S., Gencal, B. (2022b). Uludağ Göknarı (Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmülleriana Mattf.) meşcerelerinin toprak organik karbon, toplam azot ve besin element konsantrasyonları ve stokları üzerinde bakı ve yükseltinin etkisi. Artvin Orman Fakültesi Dergisi. 23(2), 159-174. https://doi.org/10.17474/artvinofd.1117690
  • Sariyildiz, T., Anderson, J.M. (2006). Intra-specific variation in cell wall constituents of needle age classes of Pinus sylvestris in relation to soil fertility status in Southwest England. Silva Fennica. 40 (1), 15-26.
  • Sariyildiz, T., Anderson, J.M., Kucuk, M. (2005). Effects of tree species and topography on soil chemistry, litter quality and decomposition in Northeast Turkey. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 37 (9), 1695-1706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.02.004
  • Sariyildiz, T., Savaci, G., Kravkaz, I.S. (2015). Effects of tree species, stand age and land-use change on soil carbon and nitrogen stock rates in northwestern Turkey. iForest-Biogeosciences and Forestry, 9(1), 165-170. https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor1567-008
  • Sevgi, O. (2003), Bayramiç İşletmesi’nde (Kazdağları) Karaçam’ın (Pinus nigra Arnold.) Yükseltiye Göre Beslenme Büyüme İlişkileri, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Singh, S.L., Sahoo, U.K., Gogoi, A., Kenye, A. (2018). Effect of Land Use Changes on Carbon Stock Dynamics in Major Land Use Sectors of Mizoram, Northeast India. Journal of Environmental Protection. 9, 1262-1285. https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2018.912079
  • Staszel, K., Błońska, E., Lasota, J. (2021). Slope aspect and effect on selected soil organic matter characteristics in Beskid Mountains forest soils. Folia Forestalia Polonica. 63(3), 214-224. https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2021-0022
  • Sundqvist, M.K., Sanders, N.J., Wardle, D.A. (2013). Community and Ecosystem Responses to Elevational Gradients: Processes, Mechanisms, and Insights for Global Change. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics. 44 (1), 261–280.
  • Tahmaz, C. (2016). Mineral Toprakta Depolanan Karbon ve Azota Ağaç Türlerinin Etkisi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Kastamonu Üniversitesi, Fen Bil. Enst. Orman Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, 83 pages.
  • Tolunay, D. (2011). Total carbon stocks and carbon accumulation in living tree biomass in forest ecosystems of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 35(3), 265-279.
  • Tolunay, D., Çömez, A. (2008). Türkiye Ormanlarında toprak ve ölü örtüde depolanmış organik karbon miktarları. Hava Kirliliği ve Kontrolü Ulusal Sempozyumu. 22-25 Ekim 2008, Hatay. 750-765.
  • Tufekcioglu, A., Raich, J., Isenhart, T. et al. (2003). Biomass, carbon and nitrogen dynamics of multi-species riparian buffers within an agricultural watershed in Iowa, USA. Agroforestry Systems. 57, 187–198. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024898615284
  • Ullah, S., Frasier, R., King, L., Picotte-Anderson, N.P., Moore, T.R. (2008). Potential fluxes of N2O and CH4 from soils of three forest types in Eastern Canada. Soil Biolology and Biochemistry., 40, 986-994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.11.019
  • Wang, K., Zhang, C, Li., W. (2013). Predictive mapping of soil total nitrogen at a regional scale: A comparison between geographically weighted regression and cokriging. Applied Geography. 42, 73–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.04.002
  • Wiesmeier, M. Urbanski, L., Hobley, E., Lang, B., von Lützow, M., Marin-Spiotta, E., ... & Kögel-Knabner, I.. (2019). Soil organic carbon storage as a key function of soils-a review of drivers and indicators at various scales. Geoderma. 333, 149–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.07.026
  • Vieira, S.A., Alves, L.F., Duarte-Neto, P.J., Martins, S.C., Veiga, L.G., Scaranello, M.A., Picollo, M.C., Camargo, P.B., do Carmo, J.B., Neto, E.S., Santos, F.A., Joly, C.A., Martinelli, L.A. (2011). Stocks of carbon and nitrogen and partitioning between above- and belowground pools in the Brazilian coastal Atlantic Forest elevation range. Ecology and Evolution. 1(3):421-34. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.41
  • Vincent, A.G., Sundqvist, M.K., Wardle, D.A., Giesler, R. (2014). Bioavailable Soil Phosphorus Decreases with Increasing Elevation in a Subarctic Tundra Landscape. PLoS ONE. 9(3), e92942. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092942
  • Xu, Z., Chang, Y., Li, L., Luo, Q., Xu, Z., Li, X., et al. (2018). Climatic and topographic variables control soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and nitrogen: Phosphorus ratios in a Picea schrenkiana forest of the Tianshan Mountains. PLoS ONE. 13(11): e0204130. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204130
  • Yang, Q., Niu, Y., Jing, W. (2015). Distribution Characteristics of Total Phosphorus and Total Potassium for Soil in Picea crassifolia Plantation at Different Altitudes in Haxi Forest Area at the East Segment of Qilian Mountains. Protection Forest Science & Technology. (9), 14–7.
  • Ye, C.L., Chen, D.M., Hall, S.J., Pan, S., Yan, X.B., Bai, T.S., Guo, H., Zhang, Y., Bai, Y.F., Hu, S.J. (2018). Reconciling multiple impacts of nitrogen enrichment on soil carbon: Plant, microbial and geochemical controls. Ecolgy Letters. 21, 1162–1173. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13083
  • Yılmaz, O. (1981). Daday-Devrekani masifi Ebrek metamorfitinin petrografisi ve tümkayaç kimyası. Yerbilimleri. 8, 71-82.
  • Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Huffman, T. et al. (2011). Influence of topography and land management on soil nutrients variability in Northeast China. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. 89, 427–438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-010-9406-0
  • Zhang, X.-M., Wang, Y.-D., Zhao, Y., Xu, X.-W., Lei, J.-Q. Hill, R.L. (2017). Litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics of three woody halophytes in the Taklimakan Desert Highway Shelterbelt. Arid Land Research Management. 31, 335–351. https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2017.1300613
  • Zhang, Y-Y., Wu., W, Liu, H. (2019). Factors affecting variations of soil pH in different horizons in hilly regions. PLoS ONE. 14(6): e0218563. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218563
Toplam 70 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği, Ormancılık (Diğer)
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Temel Sarıyıldız 0000-0003-3451-3229

Gamze Savacı 0000-0003-4685-2797

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 18 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Sarıyıldız, T., & Savacı, G. (2023). Farklı Orman Ağaç Türleri Altındaki Toprak Özelliklerinin ve Besin Stoklarının Yükselti, Bakı ve Toprak Derinliğine Göre Değişimi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(2), 279-294. https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1256500
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