Öz
Türkiye'de Orman Genel Müdürlüğü (OGM), yangınla mücadele, orman koruma, yaban hayatı yönetimi, transport ve diğer faaliyetler gibi çeşitli ormancılık faaliyetlerinde helikopterlerden yararlanmaktadır. Yangınla mücadele faaliyetlerinde, yangın sezonu boyunca OGM tarafından genellikle Rus üretimi “Mil Mi-8MTV-1” serisi helikopterler kiralanmaktadır. Bu yangın helikopterleri, 20 kişiye kadar personel ve altına takılı özel bir kova ile 2,5 ton su taşıyabilecek şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Bursa Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü (FRD) sınırındaki yangın helikopteri platformlarının konumunun değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çözüm sürecinde, ArcGIS yazılımında yakınlık analizi kullanılarak yangın helikopterlerinin kritik müdahale süresinde ulaştığı alanlar belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca verimli ormanlar ve bozuk ormanlar için ayrı ayrı erişilebilir alanlar bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar, yangın helikopterinin kritik müdahale süresi içinde toplam FRD alanının %85,97'sine ulaşıldığını, ormanlık alanlarda ise bu oranın %84,06 olduğunu göstermiştir. Yangına hassasiyet dereceleri açısından, birinci dereceden hassas ormanların %79,18'ine kritik müdahale süresi içerisinde ulaşılırken, ikinci ve üçüncü dereceden hassas ormanların tamamına zamanında ulaşılmıştır. Öte yandan, verimli ormanlar ve bozuk ormanlar için erişilebilir orman alanları sırasıyla % 85.61 ve % 81.21 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar, kritik müdahale süresinde helikopter filosunun verimliliğini artırmak ve ormanlık alana erişim sağlamak için yangın helikopteri konumlarının yeniden değerlendirilmesi ve olası yeni platformların Bursa FRD alanında yerleştirilmesi gerektiğini önermektedir. Bu süreçte, yangın helikopteri platformları için optimum konumları değerlendirmek için yangın yöneticileri tarafından CBS teknikleri kullanılmalıdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Akay, A.E., Serin, H., Yenilmez. N., (2008a). Health and Work Safety Problems of Pilots and other Crew Members Working in Helicopters Used in Forest Fire Activities. 14th National Congress of Ergonomics. October 30th- November 1st, Trabzon. 9 p.
- Akay, A.E., Acar, H.H., Sessions, J., (2008b). An Analysis of Utilizing Helicopter Logging in Turkish Forestry. Journal of Applied Sciences. 8(21): 3910-3916.
- Akay, A.E., Sivrikaya F., Şakar D., (2010). Evaluating the Efficiency of Fire Helicopter Located in Arsuz-Antakya in Fire Fighting Activities. The 1st International Symposium on Turkish & Japanese Environment and Forestry. 04-06 November. Trabzon, Turkey. pp. 431-445.
- Akay, A.E., Oğuz, H., Köse, O., (2011). Assessment of Initial Response Team Locations in GIS Environment. First National Mediterranean Forest and Environment Symposium, 24-26 October, Kahramanmaraş. pp. 1031-1038.
- Akay, A.E., Wing, G.M., Sivrikaya, F., Sakar, D., (2012). A GIS-based decision support system for determining the shortest and safest route to forest fires: a case study in Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 184(3):1391-1407.
- Ay, N., Ay, Z. (2011). Aircraft and Helicopter Usages in Forest Fires in Turkey (A Case Study: Antalya Region). 34th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment. 10-15 April, Sydney, Australia.
- GDF, (2008). Fire Action Plan. General Directorate of Forestry. Kahramanmaras Forest Regional Directorate, Kahramanmaras. 106 p.
- Gumusay, M.U. and Sahin, K., (2009). Visualization of forest fires interactively on the internet. Scientific Research and Essay, 4(11), pp. 1163-1174.
- Keenan, P., (2008). Modelling vehicle routing in GIS. Operational Research, 8(3): 201-218.
- Kiser, J., Solmie, D., Kellogg, L., Wing, M.G., (2005). Efficiencies of traditional and digital measurement technologies for forest operations. Western Journal of Applied Forestry, 20(2): 138-143.
- Kucuk, O., Unal, S., (2005). Determination of Fire Sensitivity Degree: A Case Study in Tasköprü State Forest Enterprise. Kafkas University Faculty of Forestry Journal, 6(1-2):28-34.
- Küçük, Ö., Bilgili, E., (2006). The Conveyance of Fire Behavior Characteristics into Practice by Using Geographical Information Sysyems (GIS): A Case Study in Kastamonu. Journal of Forestry Faculty, Kastamonu University. 6(2):262-273.
- Manussaridis, Z., Mamaloukas, Ch., Spartalis, S., (2007). A VRS Dimension Framework for Effective DSS Design, Applied Mathematical Sciences, 1(42): 2079-2090.
- Mol, T., (1994). The Fire Sensitivity Rank of Forest Enterprises in Turkey. Istanbul University, Faculty of Forestry Journal, Series A, 44, (2): 17-33.
- Wing, M.G., Eklund, A., Sessions, J., (2010). Applying LiDAR technology for tree measurements in burned landscapes. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 19: 104-114.
Öz
In Turkey, the General Directorate of Forestry (GDF) utilizes helicopters in various forestry activities such as firefighting, forest protection, wildlife management, shipping, and other activities. In firefighting activities, mostly Russian-designed “Mil Mi-8MTV-1” series helicopters are rented by the GDF during the fire season. These fire helicopters are designed to carry up to 20 people and 2.5 tons of water with a special bucket attached underneath. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the location of the fire helicopter platforms in the border of Bursa Forestry Regional Directorate (FRD). In the solution process, the areas reached by the fire helicopters in the critical response time was determined using proximity analysis in ArcGIS. Accessible areas were also found for productive forest and degraded forest separately. The results indicated that 85.97 % of the total area of FRD was reached by the fire helicopter within the critical response time while it was 84.06 % for the forested areas. In terms of fire sensitivity degrees, 79.18 % of the first degree sensitive forests were accessed within the critical response time, while all of the second and third degree sensitive forests were reached on time. On the other hand, the accessible forest areas were 85.61 % and 81.21 % for productive forest and degraded forest. These results suggested that location of the fire helicopter platforms should be re-evaluate and possible new platforms should be located in Bursa FRD in order to improve the efficiency of the helicopter fleet and access the forest area in the critical response time. In this process, GIS techniques should be employed by the fire managers to evaluate the optimum locations for the fire helicopter platforms.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Forest Fires Fire Helicopter GIS Visibility Analysis Orman Yangınları Yangın Helikopteri CBS Görünürlük Analizi
Kaynakça
- Akay, A.E., Serin, H., Yenilmez. N., (2008a). Health and Work Safety Problems of Pilots and other Crew Members Working in Helicopters Used in Forest Fire Activities. 14th National Congress of Ergonomics. October 30th- November 1st, Trabzon. 9 p.
- Akay, A.E., Acar, H.H., Sessions, J., (2008b). An Analysis of Utilizing Helicopter Logging in Turkish Forestry. Journal of Applied Sciences. 8(21): 3910-3916.
- Akay, A.E., Sivrikaya F., Şakar D., (2010). Evaluating the Efficiency of Fire Helicopter Located in Arsuz-Antakya in Fire Fighting Activities. The 1st International Symposium on Turkish & Japanese Environment and Forestry. 04-06 November. Trabzon, Turkey. pp. 431-445.
- Akay, A.E., Oğuz, H., Köse, O., (2011). Assessment of Initial Response Team Locations in GIS Environment. First National Mediterranean Forest and Environment Symposium, 24-26 October, Kahramanmaraş. pp. 1031-1038.
- Akay, A.E., Wing, G.M., Sivrikaya, F., Sakar, D., (2012). A GIS-based decision support system for determining the shortest and safest route to forest fires: a case study in Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 184(3):1391-1407.
- Ay, N., Ay, Z. (2011). Aircraft and Helicopter Usages in Forest Fires in Turkey (A Case Study: Antalya Region). 34th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment. 10-15 April, Sydney, Australia.
- GDF, (2008). Fire Action Plan. General Directorate of Forestry. Kahramanmaras Forest Regional Directorate, Kahramanmaras. 106 p.
- Gumusay, M.U. and Sahin, K., (2009). Visualization of forest fires interactively on the internet. Scientific Research and Essay, 4(11), pp. 1163-1174.
- Keenan, P., (2008). Modelling vehicle routing in GIS. Operational Research, 8(3): 201-218.
- Kiser, J., Solmie, D., Kellogg, L., Wing, M.G., (2005). Efficiencies of traditional and digital measurement technologies for forest operations. Western Journal of Applied Forestry, 20(2): 138-143.
- Kucuk, O., Unal, S., (2005). Determination of Fire Sensitivity Degree: A Case Study in Tasköprü State Forest Enterprise. Kafkas University Faculty of Forestry Journal, 6(1-2):28-34.
- Küçük, Ö., Bilgili, E., (2006). The Conveyance of Fire Behavior Characteristics into Practice by Using Geographical Information Sysyems (GIS): A Case Study in Kastamonu. Journal of Forestry Faculty, Kastamonu University. 6(2):262-273.
- Manussaridis, Z., Mamaloukas, Ch., Spartalis, S., (2007). A VRS Dimension Framework for Effective DSS Design, Applied Mathematical Sciences, 1(42): 2079-2090.
- Mol, T., (1994). The Fire Sensitivity Rank of Forest Enterprises in Turkey. Istanbul University, Faculty of Forestry Journal, Series A, 44, (2): 17-33.
- Wing, M.G., Eklund, A., Sessions, J., (2010). Applying LiDAR technology for tree measurements in burned landscapes. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 19: 104-114.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mühendislik |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Aralık 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2 |
