Araştırma Makalesi
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Sosyal Medyada Gerçek Ötesi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 87 - 99, 31.12.2019

Öz

Son 20 yılda bilişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmelerin etkisiyle sosyal
medya, haber duyurusu ve takibi için özellikle mobil cihazlardam sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır.
Bu durum, üretilen bilgi sayısında da büyük bir artışa yol açmıştır. Dünya
genelinde, sosyal medyadaki bilgi/haber paylaşımı yapan sayfaların,
sayılamayacak kadar çok bilgi veya haber paylaştığı düşünüldüğünde,
erişildikten sonra doğrulanması gereken birçok haber kaynağı bulunmaktadır. Sosyal
medyadaki bilgilerin yayılımında, herhangi bir doğruluk filtrelemesi işlemi bulunmamakta
ve dolaysıyla doğruluğu ispatlanamayan haberler kitleleri çok kısa bir süre
içinde etkileyebilmektedir. Günümüzde sosyal medyada, kullanıcılar tarafından
bu tür bilgilere yönelik "gerçeklik kontrolü"nün yapılması önem arz
etmektedir. Çalışmada, Oxford Sözlüğü’nün 2016’da yılın kelimesi olarak seçtiği
“gerçek-ötesi” kavramının sosyal medyada nasıl karşılık bulduğu araştırılmaya
çalışılmıştır. “Gerçek-ötesi”, “sahte/yalan haber”,“doğru bilgiye erişim” ve
“sosyal medya kullanımın yayılması” gibi anahtar kelimeler kullanılarak; Bilgi
ve Belge Yönetimi, Yönetim Bilişim Sistemleri ile Medya ve İletişim literatüründeki
uluslararası veritabanlarından ve dergilerden yayınlara erişilmiş ve içerik
analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda, bu tür haber ve bilgilerden
kaçınmada çeşitli stratejiler geliştiren kurumların uygulamalarına yer
verilmiştir.  

Kaynakça

  • Ball, J. (2017). Post-Truth: How Bullshit Conquered the World. La Vergne: Biteback Publishing
  • Bercovici, J. (2010, December 9). Who Coined “Social Media”? Web Pioneers Compete for Credit. Forbes. Retrieved from http://blogs.forbes.com/jeffbercovici/2010/12/09/who-coined-social-media-web-pioneers-compete-for-credit/
  • Boyd M. and Ellison, B. (2007). Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 13(1), 210-230.
  • Communications & Publicity. (2017). Connecting with Social Media: Personally, Professionally and Educationally. Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin. 83(4), 57-59.
  • Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers of Library of Congress. (1889, December 21). Retrieved from https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn93058750/1889-12-21/ed-1/seq-1/
  • Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers of Library of Congress. (1890, December 5). Retrieved from https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88061072/1890-12-05/ed-1/seq-1.pdf
  • Cooper, C. (2016, June 20). EU referendum: Immigration and Brexit - what lies have been spread? Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/eu-referendum-immigration-and-brexit-what-lies-have-been-spread-a7092521.html
  • Corner, J. (2017). Fake News, Post-Truth and Media-Political Change. Media, Culture & Society, 39(7), 1100-1107.
  • Dilmen, N. (2014). Yeni Medya Kavramı Çerçevesinde İnternet Günlükleri-Bloglar ve Gazeteciliğe Yansımaları. Marmara İletişim Dergisi. 12(12), 113-122.
  • Duranti, L. (2017). Entrusting Facts to Archival Theory: Documentary Truth in a Networked Environment in Maintaining the Facts Infrastructure in the Era of Post-Truth. Retrieved from https://sustain.ubc.ca/sites/sustain.ubc.ca/files/Sustainability%20Scholars/2017_Sustainability_Scholars/Final_Reports/Social%20Media%20Presence%20in%20a%20Post-Truth%20World_Evans_%202017%20SS.pdf.
  • Ela Area Public Library. (n.d.). Avoiding Fake News and Scams. Retrieved from https://eapl.org/sites/default/files/docs/AvoidingFakeNewsScams.pdf.
  • Enge, E. (2019, April 11). Where is the Mobile vs. Desktop Story Going? Retrieved from https://www.eapl.org/sites/default/files/docs/AvoidingFakeNewsScams.pdf
  • Garrigos‐Simon, F. J., Alcami, R. L. and Ribera, T.B. (2012). Social networks and Web 3.0: Their Impact on the Management and Marketing of Organizations. Management Decision. 50(10), 1880-1890.
  • Facebook publishes fake news ads in UK papers. (2017, May 8). Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-39840803
  • Forsyth, J. and Nelson, F. (2018, May 26). £350 million for the NHS: How the Brexit bus pledge is coming true. Retrieved from https://www.spectator.co.uk/2018/05/350-million-for-the-nhs-how-the-brexit-bus-pledge-is-coming-true/
  • Freedland, J. (2016, May 13). Post-Truth Politicians Such As Donald Trump and Boris Johnson Are No Joke. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/may/13/boris-johnson-donald-trump-post-truth-politician
  • Germany starts enforcing hate speech law. (2018, January 1). Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-42510868
  • Google Nose. (n.d.). Smelling is believing. Retrieved from https://archive.google.com/nose/
  • Grech, V. (2017). Fake News and Post-Truth Pronouncements in General and in Early Human Development. Early Human Development. 115, 118-120.
  • Google Trends Post-Truth Searching. (2018, October 20). Retrieved from https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=post%20truth
  • Hjorland, B. and Albrechtsen, H. (1995). Toward a New Horizon in Information Science: Domain Analysis, Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 46(6), 400-425.
  • Hopkin, J. and Rosamond, B. (2017). Post-Truth Politics, Bullshit and Bad Ideas: Deficit Fetishism in the UK. New Political Economy. 23(6), 641-655.
  • Hunt, E. (2017, January 24). ‘Fake news’ named Word of the Year by Macquarie Dictionary. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/jan/25/fake-news-named-word-of-the-year-by-macquarie-dictionary
  • Johnson, B. (2017). Information Literacy Is Dead: The Role of Libraries in a Post-Truth World. Information Today March 2017. 12-15.
  • Kaplan, A. M. and Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the World, Unite! The Challenges and Opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons. 53(1), 59-68.
  • Köseoğlu, C. (2010). Enformasyon Kaynağının İnanılırlığı Açısından Duyurum ve Reklamın Karşılaştırılmasına Yönelik Bir Araştırma. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi. 38, 91-120.
  • Levine, M. A. (2017). Journalism Ethics and the Goldwater Rule in a “Post-Truth” Media World. Journal of American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. 45, 241-248.
  • Lewandowsky, S., Ecker, U. K. H. and Cook, J. (2017). Beyond Misinformation: Understanding and Coping with the “Post-Truth” Era. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. 6(4), 353-369.
  • Living in a Post-Truth World. (2016, Ocotber 18). Geography e-Review. Retrieved from https://www.hoddereducation.co.uk/getmedia/160709ff-2fba-48b8-85d6-af55e286c05d/e-review-Geog-D2016?ext=.pdf
  • Logan, R. K. (2010). Understanding New Media: Extending Marshall McLuhan. New York: Peter Lang
  • McCormick, R. (2016, November 13). Donald Trump says Facebook and Twitter Helped Him Win. Retrieved from https://www.theverge.com/2016/11/13/13619148/trump-facebook-twitter-helped-win
  • Miroshnichenko, A. (2017, February 22). The Post-Pruth World: How Social Media Destroy the Absolutism of the “Objective” Truth. Retrieved from https://human-as-media.com/2017/02/22/the-post-truth-world-how-social-media-destroy-the-absolutism-of-the-objective-truth/
  • Mozur, P. and Scott, M. (2016, November 17). Fake News in U.S. Election? Elsewhere, That’s Nothing New. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/18/technology/fake-news-on-facebook-in-foreign-elections-thats-not-new.html?smid=tw-nytimestech&smtyp=cur&referer=https://t.co/3KmHK6KVEf&gt
  • Number of monthly active Twitter users. (2019, August 14). Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/282087/number-of-monthly-active-twitter-users/
  • Number of monthly active Facebook users. (2019, August 9). Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/264810/number-of-monthly-active-facebook-users-worldwide/
  • Obar, J. A. and Wildman, S. (2015). Social Media Definition and the Governance Challenge: An Introduction to the Special Issue. Telecommunications Policy. 39(9), 745-750.
  • Olsson, M. (2013). Gently to Hear, Kindly to Judge: The Affective Information Practices of Theatre Professionals and Journalists. Information Research. 18(3), 1-12.
  • Oxford Dictionaries (2016). Word of the Year 2016 is Post-Truth. Retrieved from https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/word-of-the-year/word-of-the-year-2016
  • Parmar, I. (2012). US Presidential Election 2012: Post-Truth Politics. Political Insight. 3(2), 4-7.
  • Rochlin, N. (2017). Fake News: Nelief in Post-Truth. Library Hi-Tech. 35(3), 386-392.
  • Salgado, S. (2018). Online Media Impact on Politics .Views on Post-Truth Politics and Post-Postmodernism. International Journal of Media&Cultural Politics, 14(3), 317-331.
  • Savolainen, R. (2007). Information Behaviour and Information Practice: Reviewing the “Umbrella Concepts” of Information-Seeking Studies. Library Quarterly. 77(2), 109-132.
  • Schlesinger, P. (2017). Book review of John Nerone: the media and public life: a history. Media, Culture & Society, 39(4), 603-606.
  • Solis, B. and Breakenridge, D. K. (2009). Putting the Public Back in Public Relations: How Social Media is Reinventing the Aging Business of PR. New Jersey: FT Press.
  • Talja, S., Tuominen, K. and Savolainen, R. (2005). ”ISMS” in Information Science: Constructivism, Collectivism and Constructionism. Journal of Documentation. 61(1), 79-101.
  • Tesich, S. (1992). A Government of Lies. The Nation. 1992, 12-13.
  • Thompson, J. B. (1995). The Media and Modernity: A Social Theory of the Media. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Treem, J. W., Dailey, S. L., Pierce, C. S. and Biffl, D. (2016). What We Are Talking About When We Talk About Social Media: A Framework for Study. Sociology Compass. 10, 768-784.
  • Veltman, K. H. (2006). Understanding New Media: Augmented Knowledge & Culture. University of Calgary Press: Calgary.
  • Word of the Year 2016. (2016). Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved from https://languages.oup.com/word-of-the-year/word-of-the-year-2016
  • Yalçınkaya, B., Dönmez, A. H., Aydın, F. and Kayalı, N. (2018). A Survey About Universiy Students' Perception of Post-truth On Social Media. Journal of Awareness, 3(4), 53-64.
  • Ying, M. (2012). Sosyal Medya Platformları Üzerinden Pazarlama ve Bu Mecrayı Etkin Kullanan Sektörler. Yüksek Lisans Tezi: Kadir Has Üniversitesi, İstanbul.

Post-Truth in Social Media

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 87 - 99, 31.12.2019

Öz

Due to the developments in
information technologies in the last 20 years, social media is frequently used
especially for mobile devices for news announcement and follow-up. This has led
to a large increase in the number of information produced, too. Considering
information/news sharing pages on social media around the world and
sharing/posting too much information or news, there are many news sources that
need to be verified after accessed.
There is no accuracy filtering process in the dissemination of
information on social media and therefore, unverifiable news can affect the
masses in a very short time. Nowadays, it is important that users check the
reality of such information in social media. In this study, it is tried to
investigate how the post-truth concept which the Oxford Dictionary has chosen as
the word of the year in 2016 in social media. By using keywords such as “post-truth”,
“fake/false news”, “access to accurate information” and “the diffusion of
social media use” in the literature of “Information and Records Management”, “Management
Information Systems” and “Media and Communication” in international databases
and journals; content analysis was performed. At the end of the study, the implications
of the institutions that developed various strategies to avoid such news and
information were included.

Kaynakça

  • Ball, J. (2017). Post-Truth: How Bullshit Conquered the World. La Vergne: Biteback Publishing
  • Bercovici, J. (2010, December 9). Who Coined “Social Media”? Web Pioneers Compete for Credit. Forbes. Retrieved from http://blogs.forbes.com/jeffbercovici/2010/12/09/who-coined-social-media-web-pioneers-compete-for-credit/
  • Boyd M. and Ellison, B. (2007). Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 13(1), 210-230.
  • Communications & Publicity. (2017). Connecting with Social Media: Personally, Professionally and Educationally. Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin. 83(4), 57-59.
  • Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers of Library of Congress. (1889, December 21). Retrieved from https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn93058750/1889-12-21/ed-1/seq-1/
  • Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers of Library of Congress. (1890, December 5). Retrieved from https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88061072/1890-12-05/ed-1/seq-1.pdf
  • Cooper, C. (2016, June 20). EU referendum: Immigration and Brexit - what lies have been spread? Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/eu-referendum-immigration-and-brexit-what-lies-have-been-spread-a7092521.html
  • Corner, J. (2017). Fake News, Post-Truth and Media-Political Change. Media, Culture & Society, 39(7), 1100-1107.
  • Dilmen, N. (2014). Yeni Medya Kavramı Çerçevesinde İnternet Günlükleri-Bloglar ve Gazeteciliğe Yansımaları. Marmara İletişim Dergisi. 12(12), 113-122.
  • Duranti, L. (2017). Entrusting Facts to Archival Theory: Documentary Truth in a Networked Environment in Maintaining the Facts Infrastructure in the Era of Post-Truth. Retrieved from https://sustain.ubc.ca/sites/sustain.ubc.ca/files/Sustainability%20Scholars/2017_Sustainability_Scholars/Final_Reports/Social%20Media%20Presence%20in%20a%20Post-Truth%20World_Evans_%202017%20SS.pdf.
  • Ela Area Public Library. (n.d.). Avoiding Fake News and Scams. Retrieved from https://eapl.org/sites/default/files/docs/AvoidingFakeNewsScams.pdf.
  • Enge, E. (2019, April 11). Where is the Mobile vs. Desktop Story Going? Retrieved from https://www.eapl.org/sites/default/files/docs/AvoidingFakeNewsScams.pdf
  • Garrigos‐Simon, F. J., Alcami, R. L. and Ribera, T.B. (2012). Social networks and Web 3.0: Their Impact on the Management and Marketing of Organizations. Management Decision. 50(10), 1880-1890.
  • Facebook publishes fake news ads in UK papers. (2017, May 8). Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-39840803
  • Forsyth, J. and Nelson, F. (2018, May 26). £350 million for the NHS: How the Brexit bus pledge is coming true. Retrieved from https://www.spectator.co.uk/2018/05/350-million-for-the-nhs-how-the-brexit-bus-pledge-is-coming-true/
  • Freedland, J. (2016, May 13). Post-Truth Politicians Such As Donald Trump and Boris Johnson Are No Joke. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/may/13/boris-johnson-donald-trump-post-truth-politician
  • Germany starts enforcing hate speech law. (2018, January 1). Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-42510868
  • Google Nose. (n.d.). Smelling is believing. Retrieved from https://archive.google.com/nose/
  • Grech, V. (2017). Fake News and Post-Truth Pronouncements in General and in Early Human Development. Early Human Development. 115, 118-120.
  • Google Trends Post-Truth Searching. (2018, October 20). Retrieved from https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=post%20truth
  • Hjorland, B. and Albrechtsen, H. (1995). Toward a New Horizon in Information Science: Domain Analysis, Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 46(6), 400-425.
  • Hopkin, J. and Rosamond, B. (2017). Post-Truth Politics, Bullshit and Bad Ideas: Deficit Fetishism in the UK. New Political Economy. 23(6), 641-655.
  • Hunt, E. (2017, January 24). ‘Fake news’ named Word of the Year by Macquarie Dictionary. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/jan/25/fake-news-named-word-of-the-year-by-macquarie-dictionary
  • Johnson, B. (2017). Information Literacy Is Dead: The Role of Libraries in a Post-Truth World. Information Today March 2017. 12-15.
  • Kaplan, A. M. and Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the World, Unite! The Challenges and Opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons. 53(1), 59-68.
  • Köseoğlu, C. (2010). Enformasyon Kaynağının İnanılırlığı Açısından Duyurum ve Reklamın Karşılaştırılmasına Yönelik Bir Araştırma. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi. 38, 91-120.
  • Levine, M. A. (2017). Journalism Ethics and the Goldwater Rule in a “Post-Truth” Media World. Journal of American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. 45, 241-248.
  • Lewandowsky, S., Ecker, U. K. H. and Cook, J. (2017). Beyond Misinformation: Understanding and Coping with the “Post-Truth” Era. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. 6(4), 353-369.
  • Living in a Post-Truth World. (2016, Ocotber 18). Geography e-Review. Retrieved from https://www.hoddereducation.co.uk/getmedia/160709ff-2fba-48b8-85d6-af55e286c05d/e-review-Geog-D2016?ext=.pdf
  • Logan, R. K. (2010). Understanding New Media: Extending Marshall McLuhan. New York: Peter Lang
  • McCormick, R. (2016, November 13). Donald Trump says Facebook and Twitter Helped Him Win. Retrieved from https://www.theverge.com/2016/11/13/13619148/trump-facebook-twitter-helped-win
  • Miroshnichenko, A. (2017, February 22). The Post-Pruth World: How Social Media Destroy the Absolutism of the “Objective” Truth. Retrieved from https://human-as-media.com/2017/02/22/the-post-truth-world-how-social-media-destroy-the-absolutism-of-the-objective-truth/
  • Mozur, P. and Scott, M. (2016, November 17). Fake News in U.S. Election? Elsewhere, That’s Nothing New. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/18/technology/fake-news-on-facebook-in-foreign-elections-thats-not-new.html?smid=tw-nytimestech&smtyp=cur&referer=https://t.co/3KmHK6KVEf&gt
  • Number of monthly active Twitter users. (2019, August 14). Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/282087/number-of-monthly-active-twitter-users/
  • Number of monthly active Facebook users. (2019, August 9). Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/264810/number-of-monthly-active-facebook-users-worldwide/
  • Obar, J. A. and Wildman, S. (2015). Social Media Definition and the Governance Challenge: An Introduction to the Special Issue. Telecommunications Policy. 39(9), 745-750.
  • Olsson, M. (2013). Gently to Hear, Kindly to Judge: The Affective Information Practices of Theatre Professionals and Journalists. Information Research. 18(3), 1-12.
  • Oxford Dictionaries (2016). Word of the Year 2016 is Post-Truth. Retrieved from https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/word-of-the-year/word-of-the-year-2016
  • Parmar, I. (2012). US Presidential Election 2012: Post-Truth Politics. Political Insight. 3(2), 4-7.
  • Rochlin, N. (2017). Fake News: Nelief in Post-Truth. Library Hi-Tech. 35(3), 386-392.
  • Salgado, S. (2018). Online Media Impact on Politics .Views on Post-Truth Politics and Post-Postmodernism. International Journal of Media&Cultural Politics, 14(3), 317-331.
  • Savolainen, R. (2007). Information Behaviour and Information Practice: Reviewing the “Umbrella Concepts” of Information-Seeking Studies. Library Quarterly. 77(2), 109-132.
  • Schlesinger, P. (2017). Book review of John Nerone: the media and public life: a history. Media, Culture & Society, 39(4), 603-606.
  • Solis, B. and Breakenridge, D. K. (2009). Putting the Public Back in Public Relations: How Social Media is Reinventing the Aging Business of PR. New Jersey: FT Press.
  • Talja, S., Tuominen, K. and Savolainen, R. (2005). ”ISMS” in Information Science: Constructivism, Collectivism and Constructionism. Journal of Documentation. 61(1), 79-101.
  • Tesich, S. (1992). A Government of Lies. The Nation. 1992, 12-13.
  • Thompson, J. B. (1995). The Media and Modernity: A Social Theory of the Media. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Treem, J. W., Dailey, S. L., Pierce, C. S. and Biffl, D. (2016). What We Are Talking About When We Talk About Social Media: A Framework for Study. Sociology Compass. 10, 768-784.
  • Veltman, K. H. (2006). Understanding New Media: Augmented Knowledge & Culture. University of Calgary Press: Calgary.
  • Word of the Year 2016. (2016). Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved from https://languages.oup.com/word-of-the-year/word-of-the-year-2016
  • Yalçınkaya, B., Dönmez, A. H., Aydın, F. and Kayalı, N. (2018). A Survey About Universiy Students' Perception of Post-truth On Social Media. Journal of Awareness, 3(4), 53-64.
  • Ying, M. (2012). Sosyal Medya Platformları Üzerinden Pazarlama ve Bu Mecrayı Etkin Kullanan Sektörler. Yüksek Lisans Tezi: Kadir Has Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kütüphane ve Bilgi Çalışmaları
Bölüm Hakemli Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mehmet Oytun Cibaroğlu 0000-0002-5763-0770

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2019
Kabul Tarihi 30 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Cibaroğlu, M. O. (2019). Post-Truth in Social Media. Arşiv Dünyası, 6(2), 87-99.

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