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KABUK BÖCEĞİ DUYARLILIĞININ KALAN MEŞCERE ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 35 - 46, 30.04.2023

Gonca Özcan Korhan Enez Fatih Sivrikaya

https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1200445

Abstract

Ormanların sürdürülebilirliği için silvikültürel müdahaleler önemli bir araç olmasına rağmen üretim faaliyetleri aşamasında kalan meşcerede zarar oluşturabilmektedir. Meydana gelecek bu zararlar ormanların stabilitesini azaltacak, kabuk böceği zararlarına duyarlı ve bunun sonucunda da ekonomik kayıplara neden olacaktır. Bu çalışmada, üretim faaliyetlerinin kalan meşcereye verdiği zararın ortaya konulması ve kalan meşceredeki kabuk böceği duyarlılığının tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma alanındaki ağaçların %27,4’ünün yaralı, %5,5’inin kabuk böceği zararına uğramış ağaçlar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kabuk böceği zararının bulunduğu ağaç sayısı ile hem yaralı hem de böcek zararının bulunduğu ağaç sayısı arasında pozitif yönde orta düzeyde bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Üretim sonrasında kabuk böceği ve kalan meşcere zararının en fazla orta ağaçlık çağındaki ağaçlarda meydana geldiği belirlenmiştir. Üretim faaliyetleri aşamasında kalan meşecereye verilecek zararın minimuma indirecek gerekli tedbirler alınması ekonomik kayıp açısından önemlidir.

Keywords

Kalan meşcere yara kabuk böceği üretim

Thanks

Bu çalışmanın ilk gözlem sonuçları "2nd International Congress on Engineering and Life Science (ICELIS)” te sunulmuştur. Ayrıca arazi çalışmaları sırasındaki destekleri nedeniyle Daday Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü çalışanlarına teşekkür ederiz

References

  • Alkan-Akıncı H, Özcan, G. E. & Eroğlu M. (2009) Impacts of site effects on losses of oriental spruce during Dendroctonus micans (Kug.) outbreaks in Turkey. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(16): 3934-3939.
  • Athanassiadis, D. (1997) Residual stand damage following cut-to-length harvesting operations with a farm tractor in two conifer stands. Silva Fennica, 31(4):461–467.
  • Baena, C. W., Andrés-Abellán, M., Lucas-Borja, M. E., Martínez-García, E., García-Morote, F. A., Rubio, E. & López-Serrano, F. R. (2013) Thinning and recovery effects on soil properties in two sites of a Mediterranean forest, in Cuenca Mountain (South-eastern of Spain). Forest Ecology and Management, 308, 223– 230.
  • Bentz, B. J., Régnière, J., Fettig, C. J., Hansen, E. M., Hayes, J. L., Hicke, J. A., Kelsey, R.G., Negron, J.F. & Seybold, S. J. (2010). Climate change and bark beetles of the western United States and Canada: direct and indirect effects. BioScience, 60(8), 602-613.
  • Bentz, B. J., & Jönsson, A. M. (2015) Modeling bark beetle responses to climate change (pp. 533– 553). InI. B. Beetles (Ed.). Elsevier
  • Bulut, S., Sivrikaya, F., & Günlü, A. (2022) Evaluating statistical and combine method to predict stand above-ground biomass using remotely sensed data. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 15(9), 1-14.
  • Buotte, P. C., Hicke, J. A., Preisler, H. K., Abatzoglou, J. T., Raffa, K. F., & Logan, J. A. (2017). Recent and future climate suitability for whitebark pine mortality from mountain pine beetles varies across the western US. Forest Ecology and Management, 399, 132-142.
  • Büyükterzi, A., Özcan, G. E. & Sakici, O. E. (2022) Variations in the attack pattern of Dendroctonus micans and the colonization rate of Rhizophagus grandis in Picea orientalis stands. Biologia, 1-11.
  • Camp, A. (2002) Damage to residual trees by four mechanized harvest systems operating in small-diameter, mixed-conifer forests on steep slopes in Northeastern Washington: a case study. Western Journal of Applied Forestry, 17(1), 14-22.
  • Colombari, F., Schroeder, M. L., Battisti, A. & Faccoli, M. (2013). Spatio-temporal dynamics of an Ips acuminatus outbreak and implications for management. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 15,34–42.
  • DeGomez, T. & Celaya, B (2013). The piñon ıps bark beetle. college of agriculture and life science. The University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
  • Enez, K., &Özcan, G.E. (2019) Assessment on the damage of harvesting in the residual stand. 2nd International Congress on Engineering and Life Science (ICELIS), 11-14 April, Abstract and Proceeding Book, 549-554, Kastamonu, Turkey.
  • Etxebeste, I., Lencina, J. L. & Pajares, J. (2013) Saproxylic community, guild and species responses to varying pheromone components of a pine bark beetle. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 103, 497–510.
  • Fettig, C. J. (2019) Socioecological impacts of the western pine beetle outbreak in southern California: Lessons for the future. Journal of Forestry, 117,138–143.
  • Foit, J., & Čermák, V. (2014) Colonization of disturbed Scots pine trees by bark- and wood-boring beetles. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 16, 184–195.
  • Fröding A. (1992) Gallringsskador - En studie av 403 bestånd i Sverige 1988. [Thinning damage - A study of 403 stands in Sweden in 1988]. Sweden: Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Institutionen för skogsteknik. Rapport 193.
  • Gilbert, M., Vouland, G. & Gregoire, J.-C. (2001) Past attacks influence host selection by the solitary bark beetle Dendroctonus micans. Ecological Entomology, 26, 133–142.
  • Gilbert, M., & Sauvard, D. (2007) The bawbilt database,” in bark and wood boring ınsects in living trees in europe, a Synthesis, eds F. Lieutier, K. R. Day, A. Battisti, J. C. Grégoire, and H. F. Evans (Dordrecht: Springer), 15–18.
  • Han, H. S. & Kellogg, L. D. (2000) Damage characteristics in young Douglas-fir stands from commercial thinning with four timber harvesting systems. Western Journal of Applied Forestry, 15(1), 27-33.
  • Hartman, J., (2007). Wound and wood decay of trees. Kentucy pest News Entomology, Plant Pathology, Weed Science.Number 1138
  • Hartsough, B. (2003) Economics of harvesting to maintain high structural diversity and resulting damage to residual trees. Western journal of applied forestry, 18(2), 133-142.
  • Hudler, G.W. (1984) Wound healing in bark of woody plants, Journal of Arboriculture, 10, 241–245.
  • Johnson, J.E., Miller, G.W., Baumgras, J.E. & Wes, C.D. (1998). Assessment of residual stand quality and regeneration following shelterwood cutting in central Appalachian hardwoods. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry, 15(4), 203–210.
  • Kausrud, K., Økland, B., Skarpaas, O., Grégoire, J.C., Erbilgin, N. & Stenseth, N.C. (2012) Population dynamics in changing environments: The case of an eruptive forest pest species. Biological Reviews, 87, 34–51.
  • Lieutier, F., Faure, T. & Garcia, J. (1988) Les attaques de scolytes et le dépérissement du pin sylvestre dans la région Provence Côte d’Azur. Revue Forestière Française, 40, 224–232.
  • Lieutier, F., Day, K. R., Battisti, A., Grégoire, J. C., and Evans, H. F. (2004) Bark and wood boring ınsects in living trees in Europe, a Synthesis. Dordecht: Springer.
  • Liška J., Knížek M. & Véle A. (2021) Evaluation of insect pest occurrence in areas of calamitous mortality of Scots pine. Central European Forestry Journal, 67, 85–90.
  • Lombardero, M.J., Ayres, M.P., & Ayres, B.D. (2006). Effects of fire and mechanical wounding on Pinus resinosa resin defenses, beetle attacks, and pathogens. Forest Ecology and Management, 225, 349–358.
  • Mattson, W. J. & Haack, R.A. (1987) The role of drought in outbreaks of plant-eating insects. BioScience, 37, 110–118 Naghdi, R., Bagheri, I., Taheri, K. & Akef, M. (2009). Residual stand damage during cut to length harvesting method in Shafaroud forest of Guilan province. Iranian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 60, 931–947.
  • Nebeker, T.E., Hodges, J.D., Blanche, C.A. (1993). Host response to bark beetle and pathogen colonization, pp. 157–173. InSchowalter TD Filip GM (eds.), Beetle-pathogen interactions in conifer forests. Academic, London, United Kingdom
  • Nichols, M. T., Lemin, R.C., & Ostrofsky. W.D. (1994). The impact of two harvesting systems on residual stems in a partially cut stand of northern hardwoods. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 24, 350–357.
  • Nikooy, M., Tavankar, F., Naghdi, R., Ghorbani, A., Jourgholami, M., & Picchio, R. (2020) Soil impacts and residual stand damage from thinning operations. International Journal of Forest Engineering, 31(2), 126-137.
  • Oner, N., Simsek, Z., & Kondur, Y. (2006) Relationships between different growth parameters and damage of harmful insects in Crimean Pine of Ilgaz Mountain, Cankiri, Turkey. Journal of Biological Sciences, 6(6), 1071-1076.
  • Özcan, G. E., Eroğlu, M., & Alkan Akıncı, H. (2006) Pest status of Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and the effect of Rhizophagus grandis (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae) on the population of Dendroctonus micans in the oriental spruce forests of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 30 (1), 11-22.
  • Özcan, G. E., Eroğlu, M., & Alkan Akıncı, H. (2011) Use of pheromone-baited traps for monitoring Ips sexdentatus (Boerner) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in oriental spruce stands. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10 (72), 16351-16360.
  • Özcan, G. E., Sivrikaya, F., Sakici, O. E., & Enez, K. (2022). Determination of some factors leading to the infestation of Ips sexdentatus in crimean pine stands. Forest Ecology and Management, 519, 120316.
  • Özcan, G. E. (2017). Assessment of Ips sexdentatus population considering the capture in pheromone traps and their damages under non-epidemıc conditions. Šumarski List. 1-2, 47-56.
  • Öztürk, T., & Şentürk, N. (2017). Timber skidding with mules to karstic areas in Mediterranean region of Turkey. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 17(1), 209-214.
  • Price, T. S., Doggett, C., Pye, J.M., Smith, B . (1998) A history of southern pine beetle outbreaks in the southeastern United States. Georgia Forestry Commission, Atlanta, GA
  • Raffa, K. F.,Aukema, B. H., Bentz, B. J., Carroll, A. L., Hicke, J. A., Turner, M. G. & Romme, W. H. (2008) Cross-scale drivers of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: The dynamics of bark beetle eruptions. BioScience, 58(6), 501– 517.
  • Reeves, C. & J. Stringer. (2011). Wildland fires’ long-term costs to Kentucky’s woodlands. Kentucky Woodlands Magazine 6(3): 6–7. Schwarze, F.W.M.R., J. Engels and C. Mattheck. 2000. Fungal Strategies of Wood Decay in Trees. Springer-Verlag, 185 p
  • Romeo, F., Settineri, G., Sidari, M., Mallamaci, C., & Muscolo, A. (2020) Responses of soil quality indicators to innovative and traditional thinning in a beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 465, 118106.
  • Schowalter, T. D. (2012. Ecology and management of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in southern pine forests. Journal of Integrated Pest Management, 3(2), A1-A7.
  • Schwab, O., Maness, T., Bull, G. & Roberts, D. (2009) Modeling the effect of changing market conditions on mountain pine beetle salvage harvesting and structural changes in the British Columbia forest products industry. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 39, 1806–1820.
  • Smith, D.M., Larson, B.C., Kelty, M.J. & Ashton, P. M.S. (1997) The practice of silviculture. Applied Forest Ecology. 9th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 560
  • Smith, K. T. (2019) Hardwood management, tree wound response, and wood product value. The Forestry Chronicle, 94 (3), 292-306.
  • Tavankar, F., Bonyad, A. & Majnounian B. (2015) Affective factors on residual tree damage during selection cutting and cable-skidder logging in the Caspian forests, Northern Iran. Ecological Engineering, 83(8), 505–512.
  • Wermelinger, B. (2004) Ecology and management of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus – A review of recent research. Forest Ecology and Management, 202, 67–82

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF BARK BEETLE SUSCEPTIBILITY ON REMAINING STAND

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 35 - 46, 30.04.2023

Gonca Özcan Korhan Enez Fatih Sivrikaya

https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1200445

Abstract

Although silvicultural prescriptions are an important tool for the sustainability of forest ecosystems, they can cause damage to the remaining stand during the harvesting activities. These damages will reduce the stability of the forests, be sensitive to bark beetle damage and cause economic losses as a result. In this study, it was aimed to reveal the damage caused by the harvesting activities to the remaining stand and to determine the susceptibility of bark beetle in the remaining stand. It was determined that 27.4% of the trees in the study area were wound and 5.5% were damaged by bark beetle. A moderate positive correlation was found between the number of trees with bark beetle damage and the number of trees with both wounded and beetle damage. It was determined that bark beetle and remaining stand damage occurred mostly in mature trees. Taking the necessary precautions to minimize the damage to the remaining stand during the harvesting activities is important in terms of economic loss.

Keywords

Residual stand wound bark beetle harvesting

References

  • Alkan-Akıncı H, Özcan, G. E. & Eroğlu M. (2009) Impacts of site effects on losses of oriental spruce during Dendroctonus micans (Kug.) outbreaks in Turkey. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(16): 3934-3939.
  • Athanassiadis, D. (1997) Residual stand damage following cut-to-length harvesting operations with a farm tractor in two conifer stands. Silva Fennica, 31(4):461–467.
  • Baena, C. W., Andrés-Abellán, M., Lucas-Borja, M. E., Martínez-García, E., García-Morote, F. A., Rubio, E. & López-Serrano, F. R. (2013) Thinning and recovery effects on soil properties in two sites of a Mediterranean forest, in Cuenca Mountain (South-eastern of Spain). Forest Ecology and Management, 308, 223– 230.
  • Bentz, B. J., Régnière, J., Fettig, C. J., Hansen, E. M., Hayes, J. L., Hicke, J. A., Kelsey, R.G., Negron, J.F. & Seybold, S. J. (2010). Climate change and bark beetles of the western United States and Canada: direct and indirect effects. BioScience, 60(8), 602-613.
  • Bentz, B. J., & Jönsson, A. M. (2015) Modeling bark beetle responses to climate change (pp. 533– 553). InI. B. Beetles (Ed.). Elsevier
  • Bulut, S., Sivrikaya, F., & Günlü, A. (2022) Evaluating statistical and combine method to predict stand above-ground biomass using remotely sensed data. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 15(9), 1-14.
  • Buotte, P. C., Hicke, J. A., Preisler, H. K., Abatzoglou, J. T., Raffa, K. F., & Logan, J. A. (2017). Recent and future climate suitability for whitebark pine mortality from mountain pine beetles varies across the western US. Forest Ecology and Management, 399, 132-142.
  • Büyükterzi, A., Özcan, G. E. & Sakici, O. E. (2022) Variations in the attack pattern of Dendroctonus micans and the colonization rate of Rhizophagus grandis in Picea orientalis stands. Biologia, 1-11.
  • Camp, A. (2002) Damage to residual trees by four mechanized harvest systems operating in small-diameter, mixed-conifer forests on steep slopes in Northeastern Washington: a case study. Western Journal of Applied Forestry, 17(1), 14-22.
  • Colombari, F., Schroeder, M. L., Battisti, A. & Faccoli, M. (2013). Spatio-temporal dynamics of an Ips acuminatus outbreak and implications for management. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 15,34–42.
  • DeGomez, T. & Celaya, B (2013). The piñon ıps bark beetle. college of agriculture and life science. The University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
  • Enez, K., &Özcan, G.E. (2019) Assessment on the damage of harvesting in the residual stand. 2nd International Congress on Engineering and Life Science (ICELIS), 11-14 April, Abstract and Proceeding Book, 549-554, Kastamonu, Turkey.
  • Etxebeste, I., Lencina, J. L. & Pajares, J. (2013) Saproxylic community, guild and species responses to varying pheromone components of a pine bark beetle. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 103, 497–510.
  • Fettig, C. J. (2019) Socioecological impacts of the western pine beetle outbreak in southern California: Lessons for the future. Journal of Forestry, 117,138–143.
  • Foit, J., & Čermák, V. (2014) Colonization of disturbed Scots pine trees by bark- and wood-boring beetles. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 16, 184–195.
  • Fröding A. (1992) Gallringsskador - En studie av 403 bestånd i Sverige 1988. [Thinning damage - A study of 403 stands in Sweden in 1988]. Sweden: Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Institutionen för skogsteknik. Rapport 193.
  • Gilbert, M., Vouland, G. & Gregoire, J.-C. (2001) Past attacks influence host selection by the solitary bark beetle Dendroctonus micans. Ecological Entomology, 26, 133–142.
  • Gilbert, M., & Sauvard, D. (2007) The bawbilt database,” in bark and wood boring ınsects in living trees in europe, a Synthesis, eds F. Lieutier, K. R. Day, A. Battisti, J. C. Grégoire, and H. F. Evans (Dordrecht: Springer), 15–18.
  • Han, H. S. & Kellogg, L. D. (2000) Damage characteristics in young Douglas-fir stands from commercial thinning with four timber harvesting systems. Western Journal of Applied Forestry, 15(1), 27-33.
  • Hartman, J., (2007). Wound and wood decay of trees. Kentucy pest News Entomology, Plant Pathology, Weed Science.Number 1138
  • Hartsough, B. (2003) Economics of harvesting to maintain high structural diversity and resulting damage to residual trees. Western journal of applied forestry, 18(2), 133-142.
  • Hudler, G.W. (1984) Wound healing in bark of woody plants, Journal of Arboriculture, 10, 241–245.
  • Johnson, J.E., Miller, G.W., Baumgras, J.E. & Wes, C.D. (1998). Assessment of residual stand quality and regeneration following shelterwood cutting in central Appalachian hardwoods. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry, 15(4), 203–210.
  • Kausrud, K., Økland, B., Skarpaas, O., Grégoire, J.C., Erbilgin, N. & Stenseth, N.C. (2012) Population dynamics in changing environments: The case of an eruptive forest pest species. Biological Reviews, 87, 34–51.
  • Lieutier, F., Faure, T. & Garcia, J. (1988) Les attaques de scolytes et le dépérissement du pin sylvestre dans la région Provence Côte d’Azur. Revue Forestière Française, 40, 224–232.
  • Lieutier, F., Day, K. R., Battisti, A., Grégoire, J. C., and Evans, H. F. (2004) Bark and wood boring ınsects in living trees in Europe, a Synthesis. Dordecht: Springer.
  • Liška J., Knížek M. & Véle A. (2021) Evaluation of insect pest occurrence in areas of calamitous mortality of Scots pine. Central European Forestry Journal, 67, 85–90.
  • Lombardero, M.J., Ayres, M.P., & Ayres, B.D. (2006). Effects of fire and mechanical wounding on Pinus resinosa resin defenses, beetle attacks, and pathogens. Forest Ecology and Management, 225, 349–358.
  • Mattson, W. J. & Haack, R.A. (1987) The role of drought in outbreaks of plant-eating insects. BioScience, 37, 110–118 Naghdi, R., Bagheri, I., Taheri, K. & Akef, M. (2009). Residual stand damage during cut to length harvesting method in Shafaroud forest of Guilan province. Iranian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 60, 931–947.
  • Nebeker, T.E., Hodges, J.D., Blanche, C.A. (1993). Host response to bark beetle and pathogen colonization, pp. 157–173. InSchowalter TD Filip GM (eds.), Beetle-pathogen interactions in conifer forests. Academic, London, United Kingdom
  • Nichols, M. T., Lemin, R.C., & Ostrofsky. W.D. (1994). The impact of two harvesting systems on residual stems in a partially cut stand of northern hardwoods. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 24, 350–357.
  • Nikooy, M., Tavankar, F., Naghdi, R., Ghorbani, A., Jourgholami, M., & Picchio, R. (2020) Soil impacts and residual stand damage from thinning operations. International Journal of Forest Engineering, 31(2), 126-137.
  • Oner, N., Simsek, Z., & Kondur, Y. (2006) Relationships between different growth parameters and damage of harmful insects in Crimean Pine of Ilgaz Mountain, Cankiri, Turkey. Journal of Biological Sciences, 6(6), 1071-1076.
  • Özcan, G. E., Eroğlu, M., & Alkan Akıncı, H. (2006) Pest status of Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and the effect of Rhizophagus grandis (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae) on the population of Dendroctonus micans in the oriental spruce forests of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 30 (1), 11-22.
  • Özcan, G. E., Eroğlu, M., & Alkan Akıncı, H. (2011) Use of pheromone-baited traps for monitoring Ips sexdentatus (Boerner) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in oriental spruce stands. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10 (72), 16351-16360.
  • Özcan, G. E., Sivrikaya, F., Sakici, O. E., & Enez, K. (2022). Determination of some factors leading to the infestation of Ips sexdentatus in crimean pine stands. Forest Ecology and Management, 519, 120316.
  • Özcan, G. E. (2017). Assessment of Ips sexdentatus population considering the capture in pheromone traps and their damages under non-epidemıc conditions. Šumarski List. 1-2, 47-56.
  • Öztürk, T., & Şentürk, N. (2017). Timber skidding with mules to karstic areas in Mediterranean region of Turkey. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 17(1), 209-214.
  • Price, T. S., Doggett, C., Pye, J.M., Smith, B . (1998) A history of southern pine beetle outbreaks in the southeastern United States. Georgia Forestry Commission, Atlanta, GA
  • Raffa, K. F.,Aukema, B. H., Bentz, B. J., Carroll, A. L., Hicke, J. A., Turner, M. G. & Romme, W. H. (2008) Cross-scale drivers of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: The dynamics of bark beetle eruptions. BioScience, 58(6), 501– 517.
  • Reeves, C. & J. Stringer. (2011). Wildland fires’ long-term costs to Kentucky’s woodlands. Kentucky Woodlands Magazine 6(3): 6–7. Schwarze, F.W.M.R., J. Engels and C. Mattheck. 2000. Fungal Strategies of Wood Decay in Trees. Springer-Verlag, 185 p
  • Romeo, F., Settineri, G., Sidari, M., Mallamaci, C., & Muscolo, A. (2020) Responses of soil quality indicators to innovative and traditional thinning in a beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 465, 118106.
  • Schowalter, T. D. (2012. Ecology and management of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in southern pine forests. Journal of Integrated Pest Management, 3(2), A1-A7.
  • Schwab, O., Maness, T., Bull, G. & Roberts, D. (2009) Modeling the effect of changing market conditions on mountain pine beetle salvage harvesting and structural changes in the British Columbia forest products industry. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 39, 1806–1820.
  • Smith, D.M., Larson, B.C., Kelty, M.J. & Ashton, P. M.S. (1997) The practice of silviculture. Applied Forest Ecology. 9th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 560
  • Smith, K. T. (2019) Hardwood management, tree wound response, and wood product value. The Forestry Chronicle, 94 (3), 292-306.
  • Tavankar, F., Bonyad, A. & Majnounian B. (2015) Affective factors on residual tree damage during selection cutting and cable-skidder logging in the Caspian forests, Northern Iran. Ecological Engineering, 83(8), 505–512.
  • Wermelinger, B. (2004) Ecology and management of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus – A review of recent research. Forest Ecology and Management, 202, 67–82
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Forest Industry Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gonca Özcan 0000-0003-0141-1031

Korhan Enez 0000-0001-7526-0032

Fatih Sivrikaya 0000-0003-0860-6747

Early Pub Date April 28, 2023
Publication Date April 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özcan, G., Enez, K., & Sivrikaya, F. (2023). KABUK BÖCEĞİ DUYARLILIĞININ KALAN MEŞCERE ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, 7(1), 35-46. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1200445
AMA Özcan G, Enez K, Sivrikaya F. KABUK BÖCEĞİ DUYARLILIĞININ KALAN MEŞCERE ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI. Turk J For Sci. April 2023;7(1):35-46. doi:10.32328/turkjforsci.1200445
Chicago Özcan, Gonca, Korhan Enez, and Fatih Sivrikaya. “KABUK BÖCEĞİ DUYARLILIĞININ KALAN MEŞCERE ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI”. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 7, no. 1 (April 2023): 35-46. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1200445.
EndNote Özcan G, Enez K, Sivrikaya F (April 1, 2023) KABUK BÖCEĞİ DUYARLILIĞININ KALAN MEŞCERE ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 7 1 35–46.
IEEE G. Özcan, K. Enez, and F. Sivrikaya, “KABUK BÖCEĞİ DUYARLILIĞININ KALAN MEŞCERE ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI”, Turk J For Sci, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 35–46, 2023, doi: 10.32328/turkjforsci.1200445.
ISNAD Özcan, Gonca et al. “KABUK BÖCEĞİ DUYARLILIĞININ KALAN MEŞCERE ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI”. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 7/1 (April 2023), 35-46. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1200445.
JAMA Özcan G, Enez K, Sivrikaya F. KABUK BÖCEĞİ DUYARLILIĞININ KALAN MEŞCERE ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI. Turk J For Sci. 2023;7:35–46.
MLA Özcan, Gonca et al. “KABUK BÖCEĞİ DUYARLILIĞININ KALAN MEŞCERE ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI”. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, vol. 7, no. 1, 2023, pp. 35-46, doi:10.32328/turkjforsci.1200445.
Vancouver Özcan G, Enez K, Sivrikaya F. KABUK BÖCEĞİ DUYARLILIĞININ KALAN MEŞCERE ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI. Turk J For Sci. 2023;7(1):35-46.
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