Abstract
The forest areas located along the coastline of the Mediterranean region in Turkey are sensitive to forest fires in the first degree. According to the fire statistics, about 21000 hectares of forest areas are damaged by forest fires annually. In order to fight forest fires effectively, the firefighting teams should reach the fire location and start fire extinguishing activities within the critical response time. GIS-based network analysis method can be used to evaluate the performance of the firefighting teams in a specified area. In this study, the locations of three firefighting teams within and around Yayla Forest Enterprise Chief (FEC) in the city of Balıkesir in Turkey was evaluated using "Network Analyst" module of ArcGIS software. In the first step, the optimum routes which provided the fastest access from the locations of firefighting teams to the possible fire areas were determined by using “New Closest Facility” method under "Network Analyst" module. Then, “New Service Area” method under the same module was used to calculate how far the firefighting teams can reach in the study area within a specific critical response time. It was found that 16 out of 19 potential fire areas could be reached by the teams within the critical response time. In addition, 83% of the forest areas in Yayla FEC was found to be reachable by the firefighting teams within the critical response time. The results suggested that the locations of the firefighting teams were found to be suitable for effective firefighting activities in the study area.
References
- Akay, A. E. & Sakar, D. (2009) Using GIS Based Decision Supporting System in Determining Optimum Path that Provides the Transportation to Fire Zone at the Shortest Time. The Camber of Turkish Engineers and Architectures. The Congress of Geographic Information Systems. 02-06 November. Izmir, Turkey.
- Akay, A. E., Wing, G. M., Sivrikaya, F. & Sakar, D. (2012) A GIS-based decision support system for determining the shortest and safest route to forest fires: a case study in Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184(3), 1391-1407.
- Akay, A. E. & Kılıç, H. E. (2015) Providing Engineering Solutions to Forest Fire Access Problems Using Network Analysis Method. International Conference on Engineering and Natural Sciences (ICENS). 15-19 May. Skopje (Üsküp), Macedonia.
- Bilici, E. (2008) A Study on the Integration of Firebreaks and Fireline with Forest Roads Networks and It's Planning and Construction (A Case Study of Gallipoly National Park), Istanbul University Faculty of Forestry Journal, Series: A. 59(2), 86-102.
- Bonazountas, M., Kallidromitou, D., Kassomenos, P. & Passas, N. (2007) A decision support system for managing forest fire casualties. Journal of Environmental Management, 84(4), 412–418.
- CFE, (2008) The Chamber of Forest Engineers’ Commission Report on Forest Fire in Serik and Tasagil Forest Enterprise Directorates of Antalya Forest Regional Directorate on July 31st-August 4th 2008. The Chamber of Forest Engineers. Ankara. 9 p.
- Demir, M., Kucukosmanoglu, A., Hasdemir, M., Ozturk, T. & Acar, H. H. (2009) Assessment of Forest Roads and Firebreaks in Turkey. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(18), 4553-4561.
- Dimopoulou, M. & Giannikos, I. (2004) Towards an integrated framework for forest fire control. Eur. J. Oper. Res., 152, 476-486.
- Eker, Ö. & Abdurrahmanoğlu, D. M. (2018) An Analysis on the Expenses of Combating Forest Fires: Case of Kahramanmaraş Regional Directorate of Forestry. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, 2(1), 34-48.
- Ertuğrul, M. (2005) The Situations of Forest Fires in the World and in Turkey. ZKU Bartin Faculty of Forestry Journal, 7(7), 43-50.
- GDF, (2008) Fire Action Plan. General Directorate of Forestry. Kahramanmaraş Forest Regional Directorate, Kahramanmaraş. 106 p.
- GDF, (2013) Forest Fires Combat Assessment Meeting, General Directorate of Forestry, Ankara, Turkey.
- Keramitsoglou, I., Kiranoudis, C. T., Sarimveis, H. & Sifakis, N. (2004) A multidisciplinary decision support system for forest fire crisis management. Environmental Management, 33(2), 212-225.
- Kucuk, O., Bilgili, E. & Durmaz, B. D. (2005) Importance of Fuel Maps in Determination of Fire Potential. Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Forestry Journal, A(1), 104-116.
- Kucuk, O. & Bilgili, E. (2006) The conveyance of fire behavior characteristics into practice by using Geographical Information Systems (GIS): A Case Study in Kastamonu. Gazi University Faculty of Forestry Journal, 6(2), 262-273.
- Podolskaia, E. S., Kovganko, K. K., Ershov, D. V., Shulyak, P. P. & Suchkov, A. I. (2019) Using of transport network model to estimate travelling time and distance for ground access a forest fire. Forest Science Issues, 2(1), 1-24.
- Sakar, D. (2010) Determining the Optimum Route Providing the Fastest Transportation to the Fire Areas by Using GIS Based Decision Support System. MSc Thesis. KSU, Faculty of Forestry, Kahramanmaraş. Turkey. 81 p.
- Sampson, R. N., Atkinson, R. D. & Lewis, J. W. (2000) Mapping Wildfire Hazards and Risks, Food Product Press, 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580 USA, 343p.
- TCBD, (2010) Directorate of Traffic Control. İstanbul. http://trfdenetleme.iem.gov.tr/ asiri_hiz.aspx Accessed: 15.04.2019.
Abstract
Ülkemizde Akdeniz bölgesinin kıyı şeridinde boyunca uzanan ormanlık alanlar orman yangınlarına birinci dereceden hassastır. Yangın istatistiklerine göre yılda yaklaşık 21000 hektar ormanlık alan orman yangınlarından zarar görmektedir. Orman yangınlarıyla etkin bir şekilde mücadele edebilmek için yangınla mücadelede görev alan ilk müdahale ekiplerinin yangın yerine ulaşması ve kritik müdahale süresi içerisinde yangın söndürme faaliyetlerine başlaması gerekmektedir. Belirli bir alanda yangınla mücadele ekiplerinin performansını değerlendirmek için CBS tabanlı ağ analizi yöntemi kullanılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Balıkesir ilinde yer alan Yayla Orman İşletme Şefliği sınırları içinde ve çevresinde bulunan üç yangın ilk müdahale ekibinin lokasyonları ArcGIS yazılımının "Network Analyst" modülü kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. İlk aşamada, ilk müdahale ekiplerinin lokasyonlarından olası yangın alanlarına en hızlı erişimi sağlayan optimum güzergahlar, "Network Analyst" modülü altında "New Closest Facility" yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra, yangınla mücadele ekiplerinin kritik müdahale süresi içinde çalışma alanında ne kadar uzağa ulaşabileceğini hesaplamak için aynı modül altında “New Service Area” yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ekipler tarafından kritik müdahale süresi içerisinde 19 potansiyel yangın alanından 16 alana ulaşılabildiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, çalışma alanındaki ormanlık alanların %83'üne yangınla mücadele ekipleri tarafından kritik müdahale süresi içerisinde ulaşılabildiği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, yangınla mücadele ekiplerinin konumlarının çalışma alanındaki etkili yangınla mücadele faaliyetleri için uygun olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
References
- Akay, A. E. & Sakar, D. (2009) Using GIS Based Decision Supporting System in Determining Optimum Path that Provides the Transportation to Fire Zone at the Shortest Time. The Camber of Turkish Engineers and Architectures. The Congress of Geographic Information Systems. 02-06 November. Izmir, Turkey.
- Akay, A. E., Wing, G. M., Sivrikaya, F. & Sakar, D. (2012) A GIS-based decision support system for determining the shortest and safest route to forest fires: a case study in Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184(3), 1391-1407.
- Akay, A. E. & Kılıç, H. E. (2015) Providing Engineering Solutions to Forest Fire Access Problems Using Network Analysis Method. International Conference on Engineering and Natural Sciences (ICENS). 15-19 May. Skopje (Üsküp), Macedonia.
- Bilici, E. (2008) A Study on the Integration of Firebreaks and Fireline with Forest Roads Networks and It's Planning and Construction (A Case Study of Gallipoly National Park), Istanbul University Faculty of Forestry Journal, Series: A. 59(2), 86-102.
- Bonazountas, M., Kallidromitou, D., Kassomenos, P. & Passas, N. (2007) A decision support system for managing forest fire casualties. Journal of Environmental Management, 84(4), 412–418.
- CFE, (2008) The Chamber of Forest Engineers’ Commission Report on Forest Fire in Serik and Tasagil Forest Enterprise Directorates of Antalya Forest Regional Directorate on July 31st-August 4th 2008. The Chamber of Forest Engineers. Ankara. 9 p.
- Demir, M., Kucukosmanoglu, A., Hasdemir, M., Ozturk, T. & Acar, H. H. (2009) Assessment of Forest Roads and Firebreaks in Turkey. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(18), 4553-4561.
- Dimopoulou, M. & Giannikos, I. (2004) Towards an integrated framework for forest fire control. Eur. J. Oper. Res., 152, 476-486.
- Eker, Ö. & Abdurrahmanoğlu, D. M. (2018) An Analysis on the Expenses of Combating Forest Fires: Case of Kahramanmaraş Regional Directorate of Forestry. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, 2(1), 34-48.
- Ertuğrul, M. (2005) The Situations of Forest Fires in the World and in Turkey. ZKU Bartin Faculty of Forestry Journal, 7(7), 43-50.
- GDF, (2008) Fire Action Plan. General Directorate of Forestry. Kahramanmaraş Forest Regional Directorate, Kahramanmaraş. 106 p.
- GDF, (2013) Forest Fires Combat Assessment Meeting, General Directorate of Forestry, Ankara, Turkey.
- Keramitsoglou, I., Kiranoudis, C. T., Sarimveis, H. & Sifakis, N. (2004) A multidisciplinary decision support system for forest fire crisis management. Environmental Management, 33(2), 212-225.
- Kucuk, O., Bilgili, E. & Durmaz, B. D. (2005) Importance of Fuel Maps in Determination of Fire Potential. Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Forestry Journal, A(1), 104-116.
- Kucuk, O. & Bilgili, E. (2006) The conveyance of fire behavior characteristics into practice by using Geographical Information Systems (GIS): A Case Study in Kastamonu. Gazi University Faculty of Forestry Journal, 6(2), 262-273.
- Podolskaia, E. S., Kovganko, K. K., Ershov, D. V., Shulyak, P. P. & Suchkov, A. I. (2019) Using of transport network model to estimate travelling time and distance for ground access a forest fire. Forest Science Issues, 2(1), 1-24.
- Sakar, D. (2010) Determining the Optimum Route Providing the Fastest Transportation to the Fire Areas by Using GIS Based Decision Support System. MSc Thesis. KSU, Faculty of Forestry, Kahramanmaraş. Turkey. 81 p.
- Sampson, R. N., Atkinson, R. D. & Lewis, J. W. (2000) Mapping Wildfire Hazards and Risks, Food Product Press, 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580 USA, 343p.
- TCBD, (2010) Directorate of Traffic Control. İstanbul. http://trfdenetleme.iem.gov.tr/ asiri_hiz.aspx Accessed: 15.04.2019.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Forest Industry Engineering |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | October 24, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 4 Issue: 2 |
