Revenue-Expenditure Analysis for Dual Use of Agricultural Lands: The Case of AgriPV System in Türkiye
Abstract
Agricultural Photovoltaic Systems (Agri-PV), which combine energy production and agricultural cultivation, have become a significant research topic in many countries due to the benefits arising from the dual use of land. Agri-PV systems offer the opportunity for farmers to generate additional income by selling the electricity produced to the grid and significantly reduce irrigation expenses through self-consumption of the generated electricity. The primary data source for this study is the Agri-PV, which commenced operations as the first pilot project in Turkey in the Ayaş district of Ankara in 2023. This study, aiming to determine the fundamental costs and predict the income dynamics associated with Ayaş Agri-PV, holds a preliminary feasibility status regarding the economic performance of such systems in Türkiye. According to the analysis results, electricity price policies significantly impact the economic performance of Agri-PV systems. In addition to price policies prioritizing farmer welfare, suitable finance and business models, along with significant cost reductions in irrigation and increased income through the sale of electricity, can enhance the economic performance of Agri-PV systems.
Keywords
Agrivoltaics (AgriPV) Agricultural Production Electricity Generation Dynamic Cost Revenue Analysis Ayaş/Ankara
Project Number
TR51/21/KIRSAL/0018
References
- Ağır, S., Derin-Güre, P., Şentürk, B. 2023a. "The Intersection of Agriculture and Energy in Turkiye, AgriPV: A Preliminary Evaluation". Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 41(Tarım Özel Sayısı), 1–22.
- Ağır, S., Derin-Güre, P., Şentürk, B. 2023b. "Farmers’ perspectives on challenges and opportunities of agrivoltaics in Turkiye: An institutional perspective". Renewable Energy, 212, 35–49.
- Barron-Gafford, G. A., Pavao-Zuckerman, M. A., Minor, R. L., Sutter, L. F., Barnett-Moreno, I., Blackett, D. T., Macknick, J. E. 2019. "Agrivoltaics provide mutual benefits across the food–energy–water nexus in drylands". Nature Sustainability, 2(9), 848–855.
- Coşgun, A. E. 2021."The potential of Agrivoltaic systems in Turkey".Energy Reports, 7, 105–111.
- EC. 2023. "Photovoltaic Geographical Information System". 20 Ağustos 2023 tarihinde adresinden erişildi https://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvg_tools/en/tools.html#api_5.2
- Elamri, Y., Cheviron, B., Lo, J. M., Dejean, C., Belaud, G. 2018. "Water budget and crop modelling for agrivoltaic systems: Application to irrigated lettuces". Agricultural Water Man., 208, 440–453.
- EPDK. 2023. "Elektrik Piyasası Tarifeler Listesi". 2. 8. 2023 tarihinde erişildi.https://www.epdk.gov.tr/detay/icerik/3-0-1/tarifeler
- Feuerbacher, A., Herrmann, T., Neuenfeldt, S., Laub, M., Gocht, A. 2022. "Estimating the economics and adoption potential of agrivoltaics in Germany using a farm-level bottom-up approach". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 168, 112784.
- Goetzberger, A., Zastrow, A. 1982. "On the Coexistence of Solar-Energy Conversion and Plant Cultivation". International Journal of Solar Energy, 1(1), 55–69.
- Hudelson, T., Lieth, J. H. 2021. "Crop production in partial shade of solar photovoltaic panels on trackers". Içinde AIP Conference Proceedings (C. 2361). American Institute of Physics Inc.
- Li, C., Wang, H., Miao, H., Ye, B. 2017. "The economic and social performance of integrated photovoltaic and agricultural greenhouses systems: Case study in China". Applied Energy, 190, 204–212.
- Marrou, H., Wery, J., Dufour, L., Dupraz, C. 2013. "Productivity and radiation use efficiency of lettuces grown in the partial shade of photovoltaic panels". Europ J of Agronomy, 44, 54–66.
- Moreda, G. P., Muñoz-García, M. A., Alonso-García, M. C., Hernández-Callejo, L. 2021. "Techno-economic viability of agro-photovoltaic irrigated arable lands in the eu-med region: A case-study in southwestern spain". Agronomy, 11(3).
- Nakata, H., & Ogata, S. (2023). Integrating Agrivoltaic Systems into Local Industries: A Case Study and Economic Analysis of Rural Japan. Agronomy, 13(2), 513.
- Poonia, S., Jat, N. K., Santra, P., Singh, A. K., Jain, D., Meena, H. M. 2022. "Techno-economic evaluation of different agri-voltaic designs for the hot arid ecosystem India". Renewable Energy, 184, 149–163.
- Schindele, S., Trommsdorff, M., Schlaak, A., Obergfell, T., Bopp, G., Reise, C., … Weber, E. 2020. "Implementation of agrophotovoltaics: Techno-economic analysis of the price-performance ratio and its policy implications". Applied Energy, 265.
- Sojib Ahmed, M., Rezwan Khan, M., Haque, A., Ryyan Khan, M. 2022. "Agrivoltaics analysis in a techno-economic framework: Understanding why agrivoltaics on rice will always be profitable". Applied Energy, 323.
- TCMB (2023), Para Politikası Kurulu Kararları, MB Faiz Oranları, https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Temel+Faaliyetler/Para+Politikasi/Merkez+Bankasi+Faiz+Oranlari/faiz-oranlari, erişim tarihi: 2.07. 2023.
- Trommsdorff, M., Hopf, M., Hörnle, O., Berwind, M., Schindele, S., & Wydra, K. (2023). Can synergies in agriculture through an integration of solar energy reduce the cost of agrivoltaics? An economic analysis in apple farming. Applied Energy, 350, 121619.
- Trommsdorff, Maximillian, Johanna, F. 2016. "An Economic Analysis of Agrophotovoltaics: Opportunities, Risks and Strategies towards a More Efficient Land Use*". University of Freiburg. Tarihinde adresinden erişildi. www.wipo.uni-freiburg.de
- Turan, N. 2021. "Agrivoltaics and Their Effects on Crops: A review". Journal of Muş Alparslan University Agricultural Production and Technologies (C. 2).
- TÜİK. 2023. Tüketici Fiyat Endeksi, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=Enflasyon-ve-Fiyat-106, Er. tarihi:16.08 2023.
- Valle, B., Simonneau, T., Sourd, F., Pechier, P., Hamard, P., Frisson, T., Christophe, A. 2017. "Increasing the total productivity of a land by combining mobile photovoltaic panels and food crops". Applied Energy, 206, 1495–1507.
- Willockx, B., Herteleer, B., Cappelle, J. 2020. "Techno-economic study of agrovoltaic systems focusing on orchard crops". Içinde 37th EU PVSEC.
Abstract
Enerji üretimini ve tarımsal üretimi birleştiren Tarıma Entegre Fotovoltaik Sistemler (TarımGES), arazinin ikili kullanımından kaynaklanan faydalar açısından birçok ülkede önemli bir araştırma konusu haline gelmiştir. TarımGES’ler, üretilen elektriğin şebekeye satışıyla çiftçiler için ek gelir ve öz tüketimi yoluyla da sulama giderlerini karşılayarak önemli oranda tasarruf etme olanağı yaratabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel veri kaynağını oluşturan ve Ankara’nın Ayaş ilçesinde kurulan TarımGES, Türkiye’de ilk pilot uygulama alanı olarak 2023 yılında faaliyete başlamıştır. Ayaş TarımGES’e ait temel maliyetlerin belirlenmesi ve gelir dinamiğinin tahmin edilmesini amaçlayan bu çalışma, bu tür sistemlerin Türkiye’deki ekonomik performansına ilişkin bir ön fizibilite niteliği taşımaktadır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre elektrik fiyat politikaları TarımGES’in ekonomik performansını önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Çiftçi refahını önceliklendiren fiyat politikalarına ek olarak uygun finans ve iş modelleri, sulamada önemli bir maliyet düşüşü ve elektriğin satışı yoluyla da gelir atışı sağlayarak TarımGES’in ekonomik performansını yükseltebilecektir.
Keywords
Tarıma entegre GES (Tarım GES) Tarımsal Üretim Elektrik Üretimi Dinamik Gelir Gider Analizi Ayaş/Ankara
Supporting Institution
Ankara Kalkınma Ajansı
Project Number
TR51/21/KIRSAL/0018
Thanks
Bu yayında sunulan veriler Ankara Kalkınma Ajansı tarafından desteklenen, Ayaş İlçe Tarım ve Orman Müdürlüğü ve ODTÜ-GÜNAM ortaklığında yürütülen TR51/21/KIRSAL/0018 numaralı “Tarımsal Arazinin Çift Yönlü Kullanımına Uygun Yenilikçi GES Uygulaması - Ayaş TarımGES” isimli projesinden alınmıştır.
References
- Ağır, S., Derin-Güre, P., Şentürk, B. 2023a. "The Intersection of Agriculture and Energy in Turkiye, AgriPV: A Preliminary Evaluation". Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 41(Tarım Özel Sayısı), 1–22.
- Ağır, S., Derin-Güre, P., Şentürk, B. 2023b. "Farmers’ perspectives on challenges and opportunities of agrivoltaics in Turkiye: An institutional perspective". Renewable Energy, 212, 35–49.
- Barron-Gafford, G. A., Pavao-Zuckerman, M. A., Minor, R. L., Sutter, L. F., Barnett-Moreno, I., Blackett, D. T., Macknick, J. E. 2019. "Agrivoltaics provide mutual benefits across the food–energy–water nexus in drylands". Nature Sustainability, 2(9), 848–855.
- Coşgun, A. E. 2021."The potential of Agrivoltaic systems in Turkey".Energy Reports, 7, 105–111.
- EC. 2023. "Photovoltaic Geographical Information System". 20 Ağustos 2023 tarihinde adresinden erişildi https://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvg_tools/en/tools.html#api_5.2
- Elamri, Y., Cheviron, B., Lo, J. M., Dejean, C., Belaud, G. 2018. "Water budget and crop modelling for agrivoltaic systems: Application to irrigated lettuces". Agricultural Water Man., 208, 440–453.
- EPDK. 2023. "Elektrik Piyasası Tarifeler Listesi". 2. 8. 2023 tarihinde erişildi.https://www.epdk.gov.tr/detay/icerik/3-0-1/tarifeler
- Feuerbacher, A., Herrmann, T., Neuenfeldt, S., Laub, M., Gocht, A. 2022. "Estimating the economics and adoption potential of agrivoltaics in Germany using a farm-level bottom-up approach". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 168, 112784.
- Goetzberger, A., Zastrow, A. 1982. "On the Coexistence of Solar-Energy Conversion and Plant Cultivation". International Journal of Solar Energy, 1(1), 55–69.
- Hudelson, T., Lieth, J. H. 2021. "Crop production in partial shade of solar photovoltaic panels on trackers". Içinde AIP Conference Proceedings (C. 2361). American Institute of Physics Inc.
- Li, C., Wang, H., Miao, H., Ye, B. 2017. "The economic and social performance of integrated photovoltaic and agricultural greenhouses systems: Case study in China". Applied Energy, 190, 204–212.
- Marrou, H., Wery, J., Dufour, L., Dupraz, C. 2013. "Productivity and radiation use efficiency of lettuces grown in the partial shade of photovoltaic panels". Europ J of Agronomy, 44, 54–66.
- Moreda, G. P., Muñoz-García, M. A., Alonso-García, M. C., Hernández-Callejo, L. 2021. "Techno-economic viability of agro-photovoltaic irrigated arable lands in the eu-med region: A case-study in southwestern spain". Agronomy, 11(3).
- Nakata, H., & Ogata, S. (2023). Integrating Agrivoltaic Systems into Local Industries: A Case Study and Economic Analysis of Rural Japan. Agronomy, 13(2), 513.
- Poonia, S., Jat, N. K., Santra, P., Singh, A. K., Jain, D., Meena, H. M. 2022. "Techno-economic evaluation of different agri-voltaic designs for the hot arid ecosystem India". Renewable Energy, 184, 149–163.
- Schindele, S., Trommsdorff, M., Schlaak, A., Obergfell, T., Bopp, G., Reise, C., … Weber, E. 2020. "Implementation of agrophotovoltaics: Techno-economic analysis of the price-performance ratio and its policy implications". Applied Energy, 265.
- Sojib Ahmed, M., Rezwan Khan, M., Haque, A., Ryyan Khan, M. 2022. "Agrivoltaics analysis in a techno-economic framework: Understanding why agrivoltaics on rice will always be profitable". Applied Energy, 323.
- TCMB (2023), Para Politikası Kurulu Kararları, MB Faiz Oranları, https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Temel+Faaliyetler/Para+Politikasi/Merkez+Bankasi+Faiz+Oranlari/faiz-oranlari, erişim tarihi: 2.07. 2023.
- Trommsdorff, M., Hopf, M., Hörnle, O., Berwind, M., Schindele, S., & Wydra, K. (2023). Can synergies in agriculture through an integration of solar energy reduce the cost of agrivoltaics? An economic analysis in apple farming. Applied Energy, 350, 121619.
- Trommsdorff, Maximillian, Johanna, F. 2016. "An Economic Analysis of Agrophotovoltaics: Opportunities, Risks and Strategies towards a More Efficient Land Use*". University of Freiburg. Tarihinde adresinden erişildi. www.wipo.uni-freiburg.de
- Turan, N. 2021. "Agrivoltaics and Their Effects on Crops: A review". Journal of Muş Alparslan University Agricultural Production and Technologies (C. 2).
- TÜİK. 2023. Tüketici Fiyat Endeksi, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=Enflasyon-ve-Fiyat-106, Er. tarihi:16.08 2023.
- Valle, B., Simonneau, T., Sourd, F., Pechier, P., Hamard, P., Frisson, T., Christophe, A. 2017. "Increasing the total productivity of a land by combining mobile photovoltaic panels and food crops". Applied Energy, 206, 1495–1507.
- Willockx, B., Herteleer, B., Cappelle, J. 2020. "Techno-economic study of agrovoltaic systems focusing on orchard crops". Içinde 37th EU PVSEC.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Crop and Pasture Breeding, Land Capability and Soil Productivity |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | TR51/21/KIRSAL/0018 |
| Publication Date | October 13, 2023 |
| Submission Date | August 29, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 4 |
