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Researching of Properties of Gained Flame Retardancy on the Upholstery Leathers by Tributyl Phosphate Chemical

Year 2018, Volume: 22 Issue: 5, 1260 - 1266, 01.10.2018
https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.338816

Abstract

Tributyl Phosphate (TBP) is classified as
organophosphorus compounds and shows a fire retardant effect in different
materials. In this work, TBP was applied to the non-finished upholstery leathers
at different concentrations. (0%, 8%, 16%, 24%) After the flame retardant
mixture applied to the leathers, samples were finished with a standard
finishing recipe. Fire retardant effect on TBP treated leathers was determined
by LOI test. Also morphological properties of leathers by SEM, molecular
binding characterization of leathers by ATR+FTIR Analysis and physical
properties of leathers by Tensile Strength, Percentage Extension, Double Edge
Tear Load, Thickness and Dry Rubbing Fastness were researched. The results
showed that TBP treated leathers have a good flame retardant effect and caused
to reduce physical properties in allowable values.

References

  • REFERENCES
  • [1]. A.I. Renzi, C. Carfagna, P. Persico, “Thermoregulated natural leather using phase change materials: An example of bioinspiration”, Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 30, pp. 1369-1376, 2010.
  • [2]. B.R. Duan, Q.J. Wang, “Influence of Flame Retardant on Leather Fatliquoring and Fire Resistance”, International Conference on Emerging Materials and Mechanics Applications, pp.748-752, 2012.
  • [3]. Y. Jiang, J. Li, B. Li, H. Liu, Z. Li, L. Li, “Study on a novel multifunctional nanocomposite as flame retardant of leather”, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 115, pp. 110-116, 2015.
  • [4]. B. Li, J., Li, L. Li, Y. Jiang and Z. Li, “Synthesis and Application of a Novel Functional Material as Leather Flame Retardant”, Journal- American Leather Chemists Association, vol. 14, pp. 239-245, 2014.
  • [5]. B. Schartel, “Phosphorus-based Flame Retardancy Mechanisms—Old Hat or a Starting Point for Future Development?”, Materials, vol. 3, pp. 4710-4745, 2010.
  • [6]. E. Schmitt, “Flame retardants Phosphorus-based flame retardants for thermoplastics”, Plastics Additives and Compounding, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 26–30, 2007.
  • [7]. ASTM D 2863-77, “Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)”, 2006.
  • [8]. EN ISO 2419, “Leather Physical and mechanical tests Sample preparation and conditioning”, International Organization for Standardization, 2012.
  • [9]. EN ISO 2418, “Leather Chemical, physical and mechanical and fastness tests Sampling location”, International Organization for Standardization, 2002.
  • [10]. EN ISO 11640, “Leather Tests for colour fastness Colour fastness to cycles of to-and-fro rubbing”, International Organization for Standardization, 2012.
  • [11]. EN ISO 105-A02, “Textiles Tests for colour fastness Part A02: Grey scale for assessing change in colour”, International Organization for Standardization, 1993.
  • [12]. EN ISO 105-A03, “Textiles -- Tests for colour fastness -- Part A03: Grey scale for assessing staining”, International Organization for Standardization, 1993.
  • [13]. EN ISO 2589, “Leather - Physical and mechanical tests - Determination of thickness”, International Organization for Standardization 2016.
  • [14]. EN ISO 3376, “Leather – Physical and mechanical tests - Determination of tensile strength and percentage extention”, International Organization for Standardization, 2002.
  • [15]. EN ISO 3377-2, “Leather -- Physical and mechanical tests -- Determination of tear load -- Part 2: Double edge tear”, International Organization for Standardization, 2002.
  • [16]. Q. Zhanga, J., Gua, G. Chena, T. Xinga, “Durable flame retardant finish for silk fabric using boron hybrid silica sol”, Applied Surface Science, vol. 387, pp. 446–453, 2016.
  • [17]. W. Zhang, T-L. Xİng, Q-H. Zhang, G-Q. Chen, “Thermal Properties of Wool Fabric Treated By Phosphorus-Doped Silica Sols Through Sol-Gel Method”, Thermal Science, vo. 18, no. 5, pp. 1603-1605, 2014.
  • [18]. Shodhganga website, Flammability of Textile, 2017, Available: www.shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in, [Accessed: 24-JULY-2017].
  • [19]. Natureworks website, Fiber and Fabric Properties,2017, Available: www.natureworksllc.com, [Accessed: 24-JULY-2017].
  • [20]. F. Cheng, L. Jıang, W. Chen, C.C. Gaıdau, L. Mıu, “Influence of Retanning Materials with Different Roperties on The Flammability of Leather”, 4th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems, p.179-186, 2012.
  • [21]. A. Bacardit1, M.D. Borràs, J. Soler, V. Herrero, J. Jorge, L. Ollé, “Behavior of leather as a protective heat barrier and fire resistant material”, Journal- American Leather Chemists Association, vol. 105, pp. 51-61, 2010.
  • [22]. B. Lyu, J. Gao, J. Ma, D. Gao, H. Wang, X. Han, “Nanocomposite based on erucic acid modified montmorillonite/sulfited rapeseed oil: Preparation and application in leather”, Applied Clay Science, vol. 121–122, pp. 36–45, 2016.
  • [23]. L. Yang, Y. Liu, Y. Wu, D. Lanli, L. Wei, M. Chunping, L. Li, “Thermal degradation kinetics and flame retardancy of hide treated with montmorillonite-amino resin nano-composite”, Journal- Society of Leather Technologists and Chemists, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 9-14, 2010.
  • [24]. L. Yang, L. Liu, C. Ma, Y. Wu, W. Liu, C. Zhang, F. Wang and L. Li, “Kinetics of Non-Isothermal Decomposition and Flame Retardancy of Goatskin Fiber Treated with Melamine-Based Flame Retardant”, Fibers and Polymers, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 1018-1024, 2016.
  • [25]. W. Xu, J. Li, F. Liu, Y. Jiang, Z. Li, L. Li, “Study on the thermal decomposition kinetics and flammability performance of a flame-retardant leather”, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 128, pp. 1107–1116, 2017.
  • [26]. Y. Gong, W.Y.. Chen, J.P. Chen, H.B. Gu, “Influence of finishing on the flammability of leather”, Journal Of The Society Of Leather Technologists And Chemists, vol. 91, no. 5, pp. 208-211, 2007.
  • [27]. R. Artzi, S.S. Daube, H. Cohen, R. Naaman, “Adsorption of Organic Phosphate as a Means To Bind Biological Molecules to Gas Surfaces”, Langmuir, vol. 19, pp. 7392-7398, 2003.
  • [28]. S. Shuangxi, S. Kaiqi, L. Ya, J. Lan, M. Chun’an, “Mechanism of Chrome-free Tanning with Tetra-hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride”, Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 446-450, 2008.
  • [29]. A.N. Pudovik, “Atlas of IR spectra of organophosphorus compounds. (Interpreted Spectrograms)”, Moscow/London: Nauka Publishers/Kluwer Publishers; 1990. p. 5.
  • [30]. F. Ahmed, R. Dewani, M.K.. Pervez, S.J. Mahboob, S.A. Soomro, “Non-destructive FT-IR analysis of mono azo dyes”, Bulgarian Chemical Communications, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 71-77, 2016.
  • [31]. UNIDO, “Acceptable Quality Standards in the Leather and Footwear Industry”, United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Vienna, 1996.
Year 2018, Volume: 22 Issue: 5, 1260 - 1266, 01.10.2018
https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.338816

Abstract


References

  • REFERENCES
  • [1]. A.I. Renzi, C. Carfagna, P. Persico, “Thermoregulated natural leather using phase change materials: An example of bioinspiration”, Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 30, pp. 1369-1376, 2010.
  • [2]. B.R. Duan, Q.J. Wang, “Influence of Flame Retardant on Leather Fatliquoring and Fire Resistance”, International Conference on Emerging Materials and Mechanics Applications, pp.748-752, 2012.
  • [3]. Y. Jiang, J. Li, B. Li, H. Liu, Z. Li, L. Li, “Study on a novel multifunctional nanocomposite as flame retardant of leather”, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 115, pp. 110-116, 2015.
  • [4]. B. Li, J., Li, L. Li, Y. Jiang and Z. Li, “Synthesis and Application of a Novel Functional Material as Leather Flame Retardant”, Journal- American Leather Chemists Association, vol. 14, pp. 239-245, 2014.
  • [5]. B. Schartel, “Phosphorus-based Flame Retardancy Mechanisms—Old Hat or a Starting Point for Future Development?”, Materials, vol. 3, pp. 4710-4745, 2010.
  • [6]. E. Schmitt, “Flame retardants Phosphorus-based flame retardants for thermoplastics”, Plastics Additives and Compounding, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 26–30, 2007.
  • [7]. ASTM D 2863-77, “Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)”, 2006.
  • [8]. EN ISO 2419, “Leather Physical and mechanical tests Sample preparation and conditioning”, International Organization for Standardization, 2012.
  • [9]. EN ISO 2418, “Leather Chemical, physical and mechanical and fastness tests Sampling location”, International Organization for Standardization, 2002.
  • [10]. EN ISO 11640, “Leather Tests for colour fastness Colour fastness to cycles of to-and-fro rubbing”, International Organization for Standardization, 2012.
  • [11]. EN ISO 105-A02, “Textiles Tests for colour fastness Part A02: Grey scale for assessing change in colour”, International Organization for Standardization, 1993.
  • [12]. EN ISO 105-A03, “Textiles -- Tests for colour fastness -- Part A03: Grey scale for assessing staining”, International Organization for Standardization, 1993.
  • [13]. EN ISO 2589, “Leather - Physical and mechanical tests - Determination of thickness”, International Organization for Standardization 2016.
  • [14]. EN ISO 3376, “Leather – Physical and mechanical tests - Determination of tensile strength and percentage extention”, International Organization for Standardization, 2002.
  • [15]. EN ISO 3377-2, “Leather -- Physical and mechanical tests -- Determination of tear load -- Part 2: Double edge tear”, International Organization for Standardization, 2002.
  • [16]. Q. Zhanga, J., Gua, G. Chena, T. Xinga, “Durable flame retardant finish for silk fabric using boron hybrid silica sol”, Applied Surface Science, vol. 387, pp. 446–453, 2016.
  • [17]. W. Zhang, T-L. Xİng, Q-H. Zhang, G-Q. Chen, “Thermal Properties of Wool Fabric Treated By Phosphorus-Doped Silica Sols Through Sol-Gel Method”, Thermal Science, vo. 18, no. 5, pp. 1603-1605, 2014.
  • [18]. Shodhganga website, Flammability of Textile, 2017, Available: www.shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in, [Accessed: 24-JULY-2017].
  • [19]. Natureworks website, Fiber and Fabric Properties,2017, Available: www.natureworksllc.com, [Accessed: 24-JULY-2017].
  • [20]. F. Cheng, L. Jıang, W. Chen, C.C. Gaıdau, L. Mıu, “Influence of Retanning Materials with Different Roperties on The Flammability of Leather”, 4th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems, p.179-186, 2012.
  • [21]. A. Bacardit1, M.D. Borràs, J. Soler, V. Herrero, J. Jorge, L. Ollé, “Behavior of leather as a protective heat barrier and fire resistant material”, Journal- American Leather Chemists Association, vol. 105, pp. 51-61, 2010.
  • [22]. B. Lyu, J. Gao, J. Ma, D. Gao, H. Wang, X. Han, “Nanocomposite based on erucic acid modified montmorillonite/sulfited rapeseed oil: Preparation and application in leather”, Applied Clay Science, vol. 121–122, pp. 36–45, 2016.
  • [23]. L. Yang, Y. Liu, Y. Wu, D. Lanli, L. Wei, M. Chunping, L. Li, “Thermal degradation kinetics and flame retardancy of hide treated with montmorillonite-amino resin nano-composite”, Journal- Society of Leather Technologists and Chemists, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 9-14, 2010.
  • [24]. L. Yang, L. Liu, C. Ma, Y. Wu, W. Liu, C. Zhang, F. Wang and L. Li, “Kinetics of Non-Isothermal Decomposition and Flame Retardancy of Goatskin Fiber Treated with Melamine-Based Flame Retardant”, Fibers and Polymers, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 1018-1024, 2016.
  • [25]. W. Xu, J. Li, F. Liu, Y. Jiang, Z. Li, L. Li, “Study on the thermal decomposition kinetics and flammability performance of a flame-retardant leather”, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 128, pp. 1107–1116, 2017.
  • [26]. Y. Gong, W.Y.. Chen, J.P. Chen, H.B. Gu, “Influence of finishing on the flammability of leather”, Journal Of The Society Of Leather Technologists And Chemists, vol. 91, no. 5, pp. 208-211, 2007.
  • [27]. R. Artzi, S.S. Daube, H. Cohen, R. Naaman, “Adsorption of Organic Phosphate as a Means To Bind Biological Molecules to Gas Surfaces”, Langmuir, vol. 19, pp. 7392-7398, 2003.
  • [28]. S. Shuangxi, S. Kaiqi, L. Ya, J. Lan, M. Chun’an, “Mechanism of Chrome-free Tanning with Tetra-hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride”, Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 446-450, 2008.
  • [29]. A.N. Pudovik, “Atlas of IR spectra of organophosphorus compounds. (Interpreted Spectrograms)”, Moscow/London: Nauka Publishers/Kluwer Publishers; 1990. p. 5.
  • [30]. F. Ahmed, R. Dewani, M.K.. Pervez, S.J. Mahboob, S.A. Soomro, “Non-destructive FT-IR analysis of mono azo dyes”, Bulgarian Chemical Communications, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 71-77, 2016.
  • [31]. UNIDO, “Acceptable Quality Standards in the Leather and Footwear Industry”, United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Vienna, 1996.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Material Production Technologies
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Safiye Meriç Açıkel

Publication Date October 1, 2018
Submission Date September 19, 2017
Acceptance Date January 15, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 22 Issue: 5

Cite

APA Açıkel, S. M. (2018). Researching of Properties of Gained Flame Retardancy on the Upholstery Leathers by Tributyl Phosphate Chemical. Sakarya University Journal of Science, 22(5), 1260-1266. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.338816
AMA Açıkel SM. Researching of Properties of Gained Flame Retardancy on the Upholstery Leathers by Tributyl Phosphate Chemical. SAUJS. October 2018;22(5):1260-1266. doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.338816
Chicago Açıkel, Safiye Meriç. “Researching of Properties of Gained Flame Retardancy on the Upholstery Leathers by Tributyl Phosphate Chemical”. Sakarya University Journal of Science 22, no. 5 (October 2018): 1260-66. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.338816.
EndNote Açıkel SM (October 1, 2018) Researching of Properties of Gained Flame Retardancy on the Upholstery Leathers by Tributyl Phosphate Chemical. Sakarya University Journal of Science 22 5 1260–1266.
IEEE S. M. Açıkel, “Researching of Properties of Gained Flame Retardancy on the Upholstery Leathers by Tributyl Phosphate Chemical”, SAUJS, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 1260–1266, 2018, doi: 10.16984/saufenbilder.338816.
ISNAD Açıkel, Safiye Meriç. “Researching of Properties of Gained Flame Retardancy on the Upholstery Leathers by Tributyl Phosphate Chemical”. Sakarya University Journal of Science 22/5 (October 2018), 1260-1266. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.338816.
JAMA Açıkel SM. Researching of Properties of Gained Flame Retardancy on the Upholstery Leathers by Tributyl Phosphate Chemical. SAUJS. 2018;22:1260–1266.
MLA Açıkel, Safiye Meriç. “Researching of Properties of Gained Flame Retardancy on the Upholstery Leathers by Tributyl Phosphate Chemical”. Sakarya University Journal of Science, vol. 22, no. 5, 2018, pp. 1260-6, doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.338816.
Vancouver Açıkel SM. Researching of Properties of Gained Flame Retardancy on the Upholstery Leathers by Tributyl Phosphate Chemical. SAUJS. 2018;22(5):1260-6.