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The Effect of Somatic Cell Count and Milk Urea Nitrogen on Milk Composition on Brown Swiss Dairy Cows

Year 2023, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 1 - 6, 13.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.5152/JASE.2023.1158853

Abstract

: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of somatic cell count (SC) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) on milk composition. The material of the research was the milk composition records of Brown cattle. Raw milk samples were analyzed automatically with the Bentleymerkim Nexgen Series Model 1 device. In the experiment, somatic cell count were not affected (P0.05) milk fat, milk protein, dry matter, but were affected significantly (P0.05) lactose and milk urea nitrogen. The lactose ratio was found to be lower in the group with SHS 300*103 compared to the other groups. On the other hand, Milk ure nitrogen were affected milk dry matter significantly (P<0.05); but were not affected milk fat, milk protein, lactose and somatic cell count (P>0.05). The fat ratio in milk was found to be lower (P<0.05) in cows with acidosis. On the other hand, both acidosis and ketosis caused a decrease in urea ratio in milk (P<0.01). In this study, SCC was found to be relatively high in Brown cattle, with 61% of cows in the potential risk or infected group. This shows that milking hygiene is not followed adequately in the herd. The analyzed milk samples, 61% contained low, 9% normal and 30% high levels of MUN. This situation can be interpreted as the rations are balanced in the herd and there is no feeding problem. It was determined that 16% of the cows within the scope of the research were caught in ketosis and 25% of them had acidosis. It was concluded that it would be beneficial to examine individual milk fat and protein content data at monthly intervals in order to eliminate possible malnutrition deficiencies in dairy cattle and to detect and prevent the harmful effects of negative energy balance early.

References

  • Abdouli H, Rekik B, Haddad-Boubaker A, 2008. Nonnutritional factors associated with milk urea concentrations under Mediterranean conditions. World Journal of Agricultural Science, 4: 183-188.
  • Akdağ F, Gürler H, Teke B, Uğurlu M, Koçak Ö, 2017. Jersey irkı ineklerde CMT skorlarının ve skorların değerlendirilmesindeki farklılığın süt verimi, süt bileşimi ve subklinik mastitis tanısına etkisi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 43(1): 44-51.
  • Amaral-Phillips DM, 2005. Milk urea nitrogen-A nutritional evaluation tool. http://www. uky.edu/Ag/AnimalSciences/ dairy/extension/nut00029.pdf. 2005. Erişim tarihi: 08.08.2022.
  • Anonim, 2004. Commission Regulation (EC) No 853/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 laying down specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin. Official Journal of the European Union. L 139: 30-205.
  • Anonim, 2011. Hayvansal Gidalar İçin Özel Hijyen Kurallari Yönetmeliği. 27.12.2011 tarihli ve 28155 sayılı Resmî Gazete. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/12/ 20111227-10.htm. Erişim tarihi: 08.08.2022.
  • Anonim, 2013. İnek Süt Bileşenlerinin Tespiti İçin Örneklerin Toplanmasi, Analizi ve Değerlendirilmesine Yönelik Uygulama Esaslari. Türkiye Damızlık Sığır Yetiştiricileri Merkez Birliği.
  • Anonim, 2019. Türk Gıda Kodeksi İçme Sütleri Tebliği (Tebliğ No: 2019/12). https://www. resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2019/02/20190227-5.htm. . Erişim tarihi: 08.08.2022.
  • Anonymous, 2019. Interpreting Milk Urea Nitrogen (MUN) Values. https://dairy-cattle.extension.org/interpreting-milk-urea-nitrogen-mun-values/.. Erişim tarihi: 08.08.2022.
  • Anonymous, 2022. Somatic Cell Count, an indicator of milk quality. https://ahdb. org.uk/somatic-cell-count-milk-quality-indicator. Erişim tarihi: 15.07.2022.
  • Ayasan T, 2009. Süt ineklerinin beslenmesinde süt üre nitrojenin önemi. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2009(2): 27-33.
  • Ayaşan T, Hızlı H, Yazgan E, 2011. Siyah alaca ineklerde süt üre nitrojeninin süt komposizyonuna etkisi. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 27(4): 219-222.
  • Aytekin İ, Boztepe S, 2014. Süt sığırlarında somatik hücre sayısı, önemi ve etki eden faktörler. Türk Tarım - Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 2(3): 112 - 121.
  • Baker LD, Ferguson JD, Chalupa W, 1995. Responses in urea and true protein of milk to different protein feding schemes for dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Cattle, 78(11): 2424-2434.
  • Bed S, Nagy Z, Seregi J, 1997. Milk urea and lactose as indicators of the protein and energy status in lactating ewes and goats. Sheep and Goat Production in Central and Eastern European Countries. Proceedings of the Workshop. Budapest, Hungary. 29th of November - 02nd of December. 1-8.
  • Bendelja D, Prpić Z, Mikulec N, Ivkić Z, Havranek J, Antunac N, 2011. Milk urea concentration in Holstein and Simmental cows. Mljekarstvo, 61(1): 45-55.
  • Bruckmaier RM, Ontsouka CE, Blum JW, 2004. Fractionized milk composition in dairy cows with subclinical mastitis. Veterinární Medicína. 49(8): 283-290.
  • Burgos SA, Fadel JG, DePeters EJ, 2007. Prediction of ammonia emission from dairy cattle manure based on milk urea nitrogen: relation of milk urea nitrogen to urine urea nitrogen excretion. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(12): 5499-5508.
  • Çoban O, Sabuncuoglu N, Tuzemen N, 2009. A study on relationships between somatic cell count (SCC) and some udder traits in dairy cows. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 8(1): 134-138.
  • Dechow CD, Rogers GW, Cooper JB, Phelps MI, Mosholder AL, 2007. Milk, fat, protein, somatic cell score, and days open among Holstein, Brown Swiss, and their crosses. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(7): 3542-3549.
  • Depatie C, 2000. Nutritional, managerial, physiological, and environmental factors affecting milk urea nitrogen in Quebec Holstein cows: A field trial. Master of Sci, digitool.library. mcgill.ca :8881/dtl_publish/8/30815.html.
  • DePeters EJ, Ferguson JD, 1992. Nonprotein nitrogen and protein distribution in the milk of cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 75(11): 3192-3209.
  • Félix BVF, José MA, Soares NE, Nonato OA, Pereira OJ, Soares NRB, Garcia MJR, Werner TL, 2005. Somatic cell count: relationship to milk composition and period of the year in Goiás State, Brazil. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, 35(4): 848-854. http://www.scielo.br/ pdf/cr/v35n4/a16v35n4.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 07.08. 2022.
  • Ferguson JD, Thomsen N, Slesser D, Burris D, 1997. Pennsylvania DHIA milk urea testing. Journal of Dairy Science., 80 (Suppl-1): 161-161.
  • Gerald MJ, 2005. How Does Somatic Cell Count Affect Milk Quality & Safety? Professor & Extension Dairy Scientist Virginia Tech, Blacksburg. http://www. dasc. vt.edu/faculty/ jones/MilkSafe.htm. Erişim tarihi: 06.08.2022.
  • Godden SM, Kelton DF, Lissemore KD, Walton JS, Leslie KE, Lumsden JH, 2001. Milk urea testing as a tool to monitor reproductive performance in Ontario dairy herds. Journal of Dairy Sci., 84(6): 1397-1406.
  • Ileri-Büyükoğlu T, Sahinduran S, Sezer K, Güldür T, 2009. Evaluation of changes in serum lipoprotein and apolipoprotein patterns in cows with ketosis. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 70(5): 563-570.
  • Jaquette R, Rakesand AH, Croom WJ, 1986. Effects of dietary protein on milk, rumen, and blood parameters in dairy cattle fed low fiber diets. Journal of Dairy Science, 69(4): 1026-1034.
  • Kaya A, Kaya İ, Uzmay C, 2018. Süt Sığırcılığı. Ege Üniversitesi Yayınları, Ürün kodu: 9786053382560, İzmir.
  • Kaygısız A, Karnak İ, 2012. Kahramanmaraş'ta süt sığırı işlemelerinden toplanan çiğ süt örneklerinin somatik hücre sayısının AB normları ve subklinik mastitis bakımından değerlendirilmesi. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(3): 9-15.
  • Kelly AL, Tiernan D, O'sullivan C, Joyce P, 2000. Correlation between bovine milk somatic cell count and polymorphonuclear leukocyte level for samples of bulk milk and milk from individual cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 83(2): 300-304.
  • Klusmeyer, TH, McCarthy Jr RD, Clark JH, Nelson DR, 1990. Effects of source and amount of protein on ruminal fermentation and passage of nutrients to the small intestine of lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 73(12): 3526-3537.
  • Koç A, 2007. Daily milk yield, non-fat dry matter content and somatic cell count of Holstein-Friesian and Brown-Swiss cows. Acta veterinaria, 57(5-6): 523-535.
  • Koç A, Kızılkaya K, 2007. Factors influencing milk SCC of Holstein Friesian and Brown Swiss cows. Indian Veterinary Journal, 84(11): 1163.
  • Koç A, Kızılkaya K, 2009. Some factors influencing milk somatic cell count of Holstein Friesian and Brown Swiss cows under the Mediterranean climatic conditions. Archives Animal Breeding, 52(2): 124–133.
  • Ma Y, Ryan C, Barbano DM, Galton DM, Rudan MA, Boor KJ, 2000. Effects of somatic cell count on quality and shelf-life of pasteurized fluid milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 83(2): 264-274.
  • Morjorie AF, Lee HK, 1996. Determination variability of milk urea nitrogen reported by commercial testing laboratories. Dairy Report, Iowa State University.
  • Nourozi M, Moussavi AH, Abazari M, Zadeh MR, 2010. Milk urea nitrogen and fertility in dairy farms. Animal and Veterinary advances, 9(10): 1519-1525.
  • Olechnowicz J, Jaśkowski JM, 2012. Somatic cells count in cow's bulk tank milk. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. 74(6): 681–686.
  • Orhan H, Efe E, Şahin M, 2004. SAS Yazılımı ile İstatistiksel Analizler. Tuğra Ofset, Isparta, 139.
  • Önal AR, Özkan M, Tuna YT, 2021. Siyah Alaca süt sığırlarında mevsim ve laktasyon sırasının sütün bileşimi ve kalitesine etkisi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(2): 368-374.
  • Rajala-Schultz PJ, Saville WJA, 2003. Sources of variation in milk urea nitrogen in ohio dairy herds. Journal of Dairy Science, 86(5): 1653-1661.
  • Roy B, Brahma B, Ghosh S, Pankaj PK, Mandal G, 2011. Evaluation of milk urea concentration as useful indicator for dairy herd management: A review. Asian Journal of Animal Veterinary Advanced, 6(1): 1-19.
  • Sanjay S, Aklank J, Pankaj PK, 2009. Effect of feeding various levels of protein on milk urea nitrogen (MUN) concentration as a managemental pointer in lactating riverine buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Buffalo Bulletin, 28(1): 44-50.
  • Sharma N, Singh N, Bhadwal M, 2011. Relationship of Somatic Cell Count and Mastitis: An Overview. Animal Bioscience, 24(3): 429-438. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas. 2011. 10233.
  • Soysal, Mİ (Edit). (2022). Çiftlik hayvanlarının genetik islahı (Tercüme: Simm, G., Pollott, G., Mrode, R., Houston, R., & Marshall, K. (2020). Genetic improvement of farmed animals. CABI). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Yayın No: 4163, Hayvancılık No: 183, İstanbul.
  • Yalçın H, Çakmak T, 2022. İnek sütlerinde somatik hücre sayısı ve bazı parametrelerin araştırılması. Manas Journal of Agriculture Veterinary and Life Sciences, 12 (1): 81-87. DOI: 10.53518/mjavl.1092994.
  • Young A, 2001. Milk urea nitrogen (MUN). Utah State University extension. www.extension. usu. edu/ files/publications/publication/AG_Dairy-01.pdf.

Esmer Sığırlarda Somatik Hücre Sayısı ve Sütte Üre Miktarının Sütün Bileşimine Etkileri

Year 2023, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 1 - 6, 13.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.5152/JASE.2023.1158853

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Esmer sığırlarda somatik hücre sayısı ve sütte üre miktarının sütün bileşimine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın materyalini Esmer sığırların süt bileşimi kayıtları oluşturmuştur. Çiğ süt numuneleri Bentleymerkim Nexgen Serisi Model 1 cihazı ile otomatik analiz yapılmıştır. Yapılan variyans analizi sonuçlarına göre SHS’nın sütün yağ, protein, kuru madde oranlarına etkisi önemsiz (P0.05), laktoz ve sütte üre oranlarına etkisi önemli (P<0.05) bulunmuştur. SHS 300*103 olan grupta laktoz oranı diğer gruplara göre daha düşük bulunmuştur. Sütte üre oranının sütün yağ, protein, laktoz ve SHS’na etkisi önemsiz (P0.05), sütte kuru madde oranına etkisi çok önemli (P<0.01) bulunmuştur. Asidosise yakalanan ineklerde sütte yağ oranı daha düşük (P<0.05) bulunmuştur. Diğer yandan, hem asidosis hem de ketosis sütte üre oranının düşmesine yol açmıştır (P<0.01). Bu çalışmada, Esmer sığırlarda SHS nispeten yüksek bulunmuş, ineklerin % 61’i potansiyel risk veya enfekte grupta bulunmuştur. Bu durum sürüde sağım hijyenine yeterince uyulmadığını göstermektedir. Analiz edilen süt örneklerinin % 61’i düşük, % 9’u normal ve % 30’u yüksek seviyede üre içermektedir. Elde edilen bu rakamlar sürüde rasyonların dengeli yapıldığı ve besleme problemi olmadığı şeklinde yorumlanabilir. Araştırma kapsamındaki ineklerden % 16’sının ketosise, % 25’inin ise asidosise yakalandığı tespit edilmiştir. Süt sığırlarında muhtemel hatalı besleme eksiklerinin giderilmesi ve negatif enerji dengesinin zararlı etkilerinin erkenden tesbiti ve önlenmesi için bireysel süt yağı ve protein içeriği verilerinin aylık aralıklarla incelenmesinin faydalı olacağı kanaatine varılmıştır.

References

  • Abdouli H, Rekik B, Haddad-Boubaker A, 2008. Nonnutritional factors associated with milk urea concentrations under Mediterranean conditions. World Journal of Agricultural Science, 4: 183-188.
  • Akdağ F, Gürler H, Teke B, Uğurlu M, Koçak Ö, 2017. Jersey irkı ineklerde CMT skorlarının ve skorların değerlendirilmesindeki farklılığın süt verimi, süt bileşimi ve subklinik mastitis tanısına etkisi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 43(1): 44-51.
  • Amaral-Phillips DM, 2005. Milk urea nitrogen-A nutritional evaluation tool. http://www. uky.edu/Ag/AnimalSciences/ dairy/extension/nut00029.pdf. 2005. Erişim tarihi: 08.08.2022.
  • Anonim, 2004. Commission Regulation (EC) No 853/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 laying down specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin. Official Journal of the European Union. L 139: 30-205.
  • Anonim, 2011. Hayvansal Gidalar İçin Özel Hijyen Kurallari Yönetmeliği. 27.12.2011 tarihli ve 28155 sayılı Resmî Gazete. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/12/ 20111227-10.htm. Erişim tarihi: 08.08.2022.
  • Anonim, 2013. İnek Süt Bileşenlerinin Tespiti İçin Örneklerin Toplanmasi, Analizi ve Değerlendirilmesine Yönelik Uygulama Esaslari. Türkiye Damızlık Sığır Yetiştiricileri Merkez Birliği.
  • Anonim, 2019. Türk Gıda Kodeksi İçme Sütleri Tebliği (Tebliğ No: 2019/12). https://www. resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2019/02/20190227-5.htm. . Erişim tarihi: 08.08.2022.
  • Anonymous, 2019. Interpreting Milk Urea Nitrogen (MUN) Values. https://dairy-cattle.extension.org/interpreting-milk-urea-nitrogen-mun-values/.. Erişim tarihi: 08.08.2022.
  • Anonymous, 2022. Somatic Cell Count, an indicator of milk quality. https://ahdb. org.uk/somatic-cell-count-milk-quality-indicator. Erişim tarihi: 15.07.2022.
  • Ayasan T, 2009. Süt ineklerinin beslenmesinde süt üre nitrojenin önemi. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2009(2): 27-33.
  • Ayaşan T, Hızlı H, Yazgan E, 2011. Siyah alaca ineklerde süt üre nitrojeninin süt komposizyonuna etkisi. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 27(4): 219-222.
  • Aytekin İ, Boztepe S, 2014. Süt sığırlarında somatik hücre sayısı, önemi ve etki eden faktörler. Türk Tarım - Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 2(3): 112 - 121.
  • Baker LD, Ferguson JD, Chalupa W, 1995. Responses in urea and true protein of milk to different protein feding schemes for dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Cattle, 78(11): 2424-2434.
  • Bed S, Nagy Z, Seregi J, 1997. Milk urea and lactose as indicators of the protein and energy status in lactating ewes and goats. Sheep and Goat Production in Central and Eastern European Countries. Proceedings of the Workshop. Budapest, Hungary. 29th of November - 02nd of December. 1-8.
  • Bendelja D, Prpić Z, Mikulec N, Ivkić Z, Havranek J, Antunac N, 2011. Milk urea concentration in Holstein and Simmental cows. Mljekarstvo, 61(1): 45-55.
  • Bruckmaier RM, Ontsouka CE, Blum JW, 2004. Fractionized milk composition in dairy cows with subclinical mastitis. Veterinární Medicína. 49(8): 283-290.
  • Burgos SA, Fadel JG, DePeters EJ, 2007. Prediction of ammonia emission from dairy cattle manure based on milk urea nitrogen: relation of milk urea nitrogen to urine urea nitrogen excretion. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(12): 5499-5508.
  • Çoban O, Sabuncuoglu N, Tuzemen N, 2009. A study on relationships between somatic cell count (SCC) and some udder traits in dairy cows. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 8(1): 134-138.
  • Dechow CD, Rogers GW, Cooper JB, Phelps MI, Mosholder AL, 2007. Milk, fat, protein, somatic cell score, and days open among Holstein, Brown Swiss, and their crosses. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(7): 3542-3549.
  • Depatie C, 2000. Nutritional, managerial, physiological, and environmental factors affecting milk urea nitrogen in Quebec Holstein cows: A field trial. Master of Sci, digitool.library. mcgill.ca :8881/dtl_publish/8/30815.html.
  • DePeters EJ, Ferguson JD, 1992. Nonprotein nitrogen and protein distribution in the milk of cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 75(11): 3192-3209.
  • Félix BVF, José MA, Soares NE, Nonato OA, Pereira OJ, Soares NRB, Garcia MJR, Werner TL, 2005. Somatic cell count: relationship to milk composition and period of the year in Goiás State, Brazil. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, 35(4): 848-854. http://www.scielo.br/ pdf/cr/v35n4/a16v35n4.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 07.08. 2022.
  • Ferguson JD, Thomsen N, Slesser D, Burris D, 1997. Pennsylvania DHIA milk urea testing. Journal of Dairy Science., 80 (Suppl-1): 161-161.
  • Gerald MJ, 2005. How Does Somatic Cell Count Affect Milk Quality & Safety? Professor & Extension Dairy Scientist Virginia Tech, Blacksburg. http://www. dasc. vt.edu/faculty/ jones/MilkSafe.htm. Erişim tarihi: 06.08.2022.
  • Godden SM, Kelton DF, Lissemore KD, Walton JS, Leslie KE, Lumsden JH, 2001. Milk urea testing as a tool to monitor reproductive performance in Ontario dairy herds. Journal of Dairy Sci., 84(6): 1397-1406.
  • Ileri-Büyükoğlu T, Sahinduran S, Sezer K, Güldür T, 2009. Evaluation of changes in serum lipoprotein and apolipoprotein patterns in cows with ketosis. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 70(5): 563-570.
  • Jaquette R, Rakesand AH, Croom WJ, 1986. Effects of dietary protein on milk, rumen, and blood parameters in dairy cattle fed low fiber diets. Journal of Dairy Science, 69(4): 1026-1034.
  • Kaya A, Kaya İ, Uzmay C, 2018. Süt Sığırcılığı. Ege Üniversitesi Yayınları, Ürün kodu: 9786053382560, İzmir.
  • Kaygısız A, Karnak İ, 2012. Kahramanmaraş'ta süt sığırı işlemelerinden toplanan çiğ süt örneklerinin somatik hücre sayısının AB normları ve subklinik mastitis bakımından değerlendirilmesi. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(3): 9-15.
  • Kelly AL, Tiernan D, O'sullivan C, Joyce P, 2000. Correlation between bovine milk somatic cell count and polymorphonuclear leukocyte level for samples of bulk milk and milk from individual cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 83(2): 300-304.
  • Klusmeyer, TH, McCarthy Jr RD, Clark JH, Nelson DR, 1990. Effects of source and amount of protein on ruminal fermentation and passage of nutrients to the small intestine of lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 73(12): 3526-3537.
  • Koç A, 2007. Daily milk yield, non-fat dry matter content and somatic cell count of Holstein-Friesian and Brown-Swiss cows. Acta veterinaria, 57(5-6): 523-535.
  • Koç A, Kızılkaya K, 2007. Factors influencing milk SCC of Holstein Friesian and Brown Swiss cows. Indian Veterinary Journal, 84(11): 1163.
  • Koç A, Kızılkaya K, 2009. Some factors influencing milk somatic cell count of Holstein Friesian and Brown Swiss cows under the Mediterranean climatic conditions. Archives Animal Breeding, 52(2): 124–133.
  • Ma Y, Ryan C, Barbano DM, Galton DM, Rudan MA, Boor KJ, 2000. Effects of somatic cell count on quality and shelf-life of pasteurized fluid milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 83(2): 264-274.
  • Morjorie AF, Lee HK, 1996. Determination variability of milk urea nitrogen reported by commercial testing laboratories. Dairy Report, Iowa State University.
  • Nourozi M, Moussavi AH, Abazari M, Zadeh MR, 2010. Milk urea nitrogen and fertility in dairy farms. Animal and Veterinary advances, 9(10): 1519-1525.
  • Olechnowicz J, Jaśkowski JM, 2012. Somatic cells count in cow's bulk tank milk. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. 74(6): 681–686.
  • Orhan H, Efe E, Şahin M, 2004. SAS Yazılımı ile İstatistiksel Analizler. Tuğra Ofset, Isparta, 139.
  • Önal AR, Özkan M, Tuna YT, 2021. Siyah Alaca süt sığırlarında mevsim ve laktasyon sırasının sütün bileşimi ve kalitesine etkisi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(2): 368-374.
  • Rajala-Schultz PJ, Saville WJA, 2003. Sources of variation in milk urea nitrogen in ohio dairy herds. Journal of Dairy Science, 86(5): 1653-1661.
  • Roy B, Brahma B, Ghosh S, Pankaj PK, Mandal G, 2011. Evaluation of milk urea concentration as useful indicator for dairy herd management: A review. Asian Journal of Animal Veterinary Advanced, 6(1): 1-19.
  • Sanjay S, Aklank J, Pankaj PK, 2009. Effect of feeding various levels of protein on milk urea nitrogen (MUN) concentration as a managemental pointer in lactating riverine buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Buffalo Bulletin, 28(1): 44-50.
  • Sharma N, Singh N, Bhadwal M, 2011. Relationship of Somatic Cell Count and Mastitis: An Overview. Animal Bioscience, 24(3): 429-438. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas. 2011. 10233.
  • Soysal, Mİ (Edit). (2022). Çiftlik hayvanlarının genetik islahı (Tercüme: Simm, G., Pollott, G., Mrode, R., Houston, R., & Marshall, K. (2020). Genetic improvement of farmed animals. CABI). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Yayın No: 4163, Hayvancılık No: 183, İstanbul.
  • Yalçın H, Çakmak T, 2022. İnek sütlerinde somatik hücre sayısı ve bazı parametrelerin araştırılması. Manas Journal of Agriculture Veterinary and Life Sciences, 12 (1): 81-87. DOI: 10.53518/mjavl.1092994.
  • Young A, 2001. Milk urea nitrogen (MUN). Utah State University extension. www.extension. usu. edu/ files/publications/publication/AG_Dairy-01.pdf.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Zootechny (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ali Kaygısız 0000-0002-5302-2735

Publication Date April 13, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kaygısız, A. (2023). Esmer Sığırlarda Somatik Hücre Sayısı ve Sütte Üre Miktarının Sütün Bileşimine Etkileri. Palandöken Journal of Animal Sciences Technology and Economics, 2(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.5152/JASE.2023.1158853