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TARİHTE BİLİNEN İLK ALTIN RESESYONUNA NEDEN OLAN BİRİSİ OLARAK ALTIN VE TUZ KRALI MANSA MUSA’NIN SERVETİNİN EKONOMİK YANSIMALARI

Year 2023, Issue: 24, 67 - 80, 20.01.2023

Cengiz Toraman Elif Ulucenk

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Mansa Musa’nın dönemine yaptığı finansal etkiyi ve servetinin kaynağını açıklamaktır. Mali İmparatorluğu’na altın çağını yaşatan Mansa Musa’nın 14. yüzyıla ait serveti, güncel literatür için henüz cevaplanamamış bir tartışma sorusudur. Günümüz ekonomisinde tutarının tam olarak hesaplanamadığı bu servetin, yaklaşık 400 milyar $ olduğuna yönelik iddialar bulunmaktadır. Dünya altın rezervinin yarısı veya 1/3’üne hâkim olan Mali İmparatorluğu’nun dünya haritasında konumlanmasına etki eden hadiselerden biri de, Mansa Musa’nın Kuzey Afrika ve Orta Doğu arasında, 1324- 1326 yıllarında yapmış olduğu görkemli “hac yolculuğudur.” Tarihte eşi benzeri görülmemiş ve çoğunluğu altın harcamasıyla finanse edilen bu yolculuğun, Mısır’a finansal etkisi 12 yıl sürmüştür. Ancak bu hac yolculuğu sayesinde Mansa Musa ve ülkesi, Afrika’nın tamamında, Orta Doğu’da ve Avrupa’da büyük bir üne kavuşmuştur.

Keywords

Altın Mansa Musa Mali İmparatorluğu Batı Afrika

References

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  • Paterno, D. R. (1994, November), The True Lion King of Africa; Sundiata, King of Old Mali, National Council of Teachers of English 84th Annual Convention Orlando, Florida. Pearson, (2020). Mansa Musa (c.1280–c.1337) and the Mali Empire, History Topic of the Month How. Erişim Adresi: https://www.pearson.com/content/dam/one-dot-com/one-dot-com/uk/documents/subjects/humanities/history-topic-of-the-month-mansa-musa-p rint-worksheet.pdf
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  • World History Encyclopedia, Songhai Empire. https://www.worldhistory.org/Son ghai_Empire/ (09.09.2021).

Year 2023, Issue: 24, 67 - 80, 20.01.2023

Cengiz Toraman Elif Ulucenk

Abstract

References

  • Arkeolojik Haber, Katalan Atlası. https://www.arkeolojikhaber.com/haber-katalan-atlasi-atla s-catalan-19519/ (05.02.2022).
  • Awortu, B. E., Michael, T.B. (2018). Leadership in Pre-Colonial Africa: A Case Study of Sundiata Keita (Mari Jata) C. 1217-1255 and Mansa Musa Keita (Kankan) C. 1312-1337 of Mali, International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences, 5(1), 28 – 36.
  • Baker, D. (2015). The Ghana Empire West Africa’s First Major State, Newsale, 1 -5.
  • Conrad, D. C. (2010). Empires of Medieval West Africa: Ghana, Mali, and Songhay, New York: Chelsea House’ den aktaran: Oulhadji, M. (2018). The West African Medieval Empire of Mali (13th-15th Centuries), (Master’s Thesis, Ahmed Draia University of Adrar, Algeria). Erişim Adresi: https://dspace.univ-adrar.edu.dz/jspui/bitstream/12 3456789/209/1/The%20West%20African%20Medieval%20Empire%20of%20Mali%20%2813th-15th%20Centuries%29.pdf
  • Çelik, M. M. “Tarihin gördüğü en zengin Kral: Mansa Musa’nın Mekke Yolculuğu” (2021), https://www.indyturk.com/node/402016/ya%C5%9Fam/tarihin-g%C3%B6rd%C3%B C%C4%9F%C3%BC-en-zengin-kral-mansa-musa%E2%80%99n%C4%B1n-mekke-y olculu%C4%9Fu (09.09.2021).
  • Demirtaş, Ö. (2020). “Yaşamış En Zengin İnsan”, (Video), Erişim Adresi: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=MANSA+MUSA
  • Egypt Today, The Epic Pilgrimige of a Malian King. https://www.egypttoday.com/Article /6/17618/The-epic-pilgrimige-of-a-Malian-king (03.02.2022) Gearon, E. (2012). Empires of Gold, Feature.
  • Gürsoy, Cevat Rüştü (1988). TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, Cilt 1, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları, İstanbul, s. 435-439.
  • Hackensackschools, Ghana Empire (830 CE – 1235 CE ). https://www.hackensackschools.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=1317&dataid=9866&FileName=african%20emp ires.pdf (09.08.2021).
  • Haghnavaz, J. (2014). Spread of Islam in Africa, American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 6(2), March-May, 124- 128.
  • Hamilton, M.A. (2019). Globalization, Glocalization, and the Impact of Circular Migration on the Expansion of Christianity in Islamic Sub-Saharan Africa, Southwestern Journal of Theology 61(2), s.201 – 217.
  • Harris, C. (2021). Mansa Musa I of Mali: Gold, Salt, and Storytelling in Medieval West Africa, Case Study, University of Oxford, USA. Erişim Adresi: https://globalcapitalis m.history.ox.ac.uk/files/ghocmansamusainmalipdf
  • https://ec.europa.eu/echo/where/africa/share-horn-of-africa_en (03.08.2021)
  • İslam Ansiklopedisi, Afrika, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/afrika#1 (03.08.2021)
  • Mann, K. (1996). Ghana Mali Songhay: The Western Sudan. (African Kingdoms of the Past Series). South Orange, NJ: Dillon Press’den aktaran: Company’den aktaran: Nwoke, L. K. (bt), A Hidden History: The West African Empires Before the Atlantic Slave Trade, (Yayınlanmamış ders notu), Houston Teachers Institute, USA 76 -88. Erişim Adresi: https://www.uh.edu/honors/Programs-Minors/honors-and-the-schools/houston -teachers-institute/curriculum-units/pdfs/2008/african-history/nwoke-08-africa.pdf
  • McKissack, P., McKissack F. (1994). The Royal Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay: Life in Medieval Africa. New York: Henry Holt and Company’den aktaran: Nwoke, L. K. (bt), A Hidden History: The West African Empires Before the Atlantic Slave Trade, (Yayınlanmamış Ders Notu) Houston Teachers Institute, USA. 76 -88. Erişim Adresi: https://www.uh.edu/honors/Programs-Minors/honors-and-the-schools/houston -teachers-institute/curriculum-units/pdfs/2008/african-history/nwoke-08-africa.pdf
  • Munnik, M. (1987). The Mali Empire, Africa Insight, 17 (2). 136 – 137.
  • NALRC, (bt.) Sonike, NALRC, USA. https://nalrc.indiana.edu/doc/brochures/soninke.pdf (04.08.2021).
  • Nationalgeographic, Mansa Musa (Musa I of Mali). https://www.nationalgeographic.org/enc yclopedia/mansa-musa-musa-i-mali/ (03.02.2022)
  • NJSFB, (2021). The Mali Kingdom (about 1235–670 CE). Background Unit: African Civilizations. Erişim Adresi: https://njsbf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/The_M ali_Kingdom_Handout.pdf
  • Okonkwo, C. (2011). African Americans Descendants of Black West African Empires, 1 – 7. Erişim Adresi: https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/uosu.edu/dist/1/3078/files/2012/06/C harles-Okonkwo.pdf
  • Oulhadji, M. (2018). The West African Medieval Empire of Mali (13th-15th Centuries), (Master’s Thesis, Ahmed Draia University of Adrar, Algeria). Erişim Adresi: https://dspace.univ-adrar.edu.dz/jspui/bitstream/123456789/209/1/The%20West%20 African%20Medieval%20Empire%20of%20Mali%20%2813th-15th%20Centuries%2 9.pdf Oxford, (2020). Mansa Musa I of Mali: Gold, Salt, and Storytelling in Medieval West Africa, Oxford Centre for Global History, ss. 1-10. https://globalcapitalism.history.ox.ac.uk/fil es/ghocmansamusainmalipdf (01.09.2021)
  • Paterno, D. R. (1994, November), The True Lion King of Africa; Sundiata, King of Old Mali, National Council of Teachers of English 84th Annual Convention Orlando, Florida. Pearson, (2020). Mansa Musa (c.1280–c.1337) and the Mali Empire, History Topic of the Month How. Erişim Adresi: https://www.pearson.com/content/dam/one-dot-com/one-dot-com/uk/documents/subjects/humanities/history-topic-of-the-month-mansa-musa-p rint-worksheet.pdf
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  • World History Encyclopedia, Mansa Musa I. https://www.worldhistory.org/Mansa_Musa_I/ (03.02.2022)
  • World History Encyclopedia, Songhai Empire. https://www.worldhistory.org/Son ghai_Empire/ (09.09.2021).
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Finance
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Cengiz Toraman 0000-0001-8601-5542

Elif Ulucenk 0000-0001-6545-6621

Publication Date January 20, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 24

Cite

APA Toraman, C., & Ulucenk, E. (2023). TARİHTE BİLİNEN İLK ALTIN RESESYONUNA NEDEN OLAN BİRİSİ OLARAK ALTIN VE TUZ KRALI MANSA MUSA’NIN SERVETİNİN EKONOMİK YANSIMALARI. Muhasebe Ve Finans Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi(24), 67-80.
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