BibTex RIS Cite

Azerbaycan Propolislerinin Antioksidan Potansiyeli ve Fenolik Profili

Year 2015, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 16 - 28, 31.05.2016

Abstract

Çalışmada Azerbaycan’ın 15 farklı bölgesinden toplanan propolis örneklerinin fenolik kompozisyonu ve antioksidan özellikleri analiz edildi. Antioksidan aktiviteleri üç farklı metod kullanılarak belirlendi; I) toplam fenolik içerik, ii) Demir indirgeme antioksidan kapasite (FRAP testi), iii) DPPH radikali süpürme aktivitesi. Propolis örneklerinin toplam fenolik içeriği 10.94–79.23mgGAE/g arasında, FRAP değerleri 170–438µM Trolox/g arasında, DPPH radikal süpürme aktivitesi (SC50 değeri) 18–128µg/mL arasında bulundu.Fenolik asitler ve flavonoidler HPLC-DAD kullanılarak, standartlarla karşılaştırılarak tanımlandı. Araştırılan 15 örnekten, Ismayilli, Zerdap ve Qax bölgesinden toplanan propolislerin kapasitesi diğer bölgelerde toplananlardan yüksek bulundu. Örneklerin toplam antioksidan kapasiteleri propolislerin toplandığı bölgenin florasına bağlı olarak değişmektedir ancak bununla birlikte aynı bölge içerisin de toplanan örnekler arasında da anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edildi. Çalışma bulguları propolis örneklerinin antioksidan potansiyelinin sadece bölgenin florasına bağlı olmadığını, kovanın konumuna, kovanda bulunan propolisin ne kadar süredir kovanda biriktiğine, koloninin gücüne ve numunelerin toplanma yeri ve şekline de bağlı olduğunu gösterdi.

References

  • AHN, MR., KUMAZAWA S; USUI, Y; NAKAMURA, J; MATSUKA, M; ZHU, F; NAKAYAMA, T (2007) Antioxidant activity and constituents of propolis collected in various areas of China. Food Chemistry, 101, 1383-1392.
  • PIETTA, P G; GARDANA, C; PIETTA, A M (2002) Analytical methods for quality control of propolis. Fitoterapia, 73 Suppl 1, S7-20.
  • LASKAR, R A; SK, I; ROY, N; BEGUM, N A (2010) Antioxidant activity of Indian propolis and its chemical constituents. Food Chemistry, 122, 233-237.
  • MOREIRA, L; DIAS, L G; PEREIRA, J A; ESTEVINHO, L (2008) Antioxidant properties, total phenols and pollen analysis of propolis samples from Portugal. Food and chemical toxicology, 46, 3482-3485.
  • SANTOS, F A; BASTOS, E M; UZEDA, M; CARVALHO, M A; FARIAS, L M; MOREIRA, E S; BRAGA, F C (2002)Antibacterial activity of Brazilian propolis and fractions against oral anaerobic bacteria. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 80, 1-7.
  • ALIYAZICIOGLU, R; SAHIN, H; ERTURK, O; ULUSOY, E; KOLAYLI, S (2011) Properties of Phenolic Composition and Biological Activity of Propolis from Turkey. International Journal of Food Properties,16, 277-287.
  • HEGAZI, A G; EL MINIAWY, H F; EL MINIAWY, F A (1995) Effect of some honey bee products on immune response of chicken infected with virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The Egyptian journal of Immunology, 2, 79-86.
  • SARIKAYA, A O; ULUSOY, E; OZTURK, N; TUNCEL, M; KOLAYLI, S (2009) Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Acid Constituents of Chestnut (Castania Sativa Mill.) Honey and Propolis. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 33, 470-481.
  • HEGAZI, A G (2012) Medical importance of bee products. Uludag Bee Journal,12, 136-146.
  • WATANABE, M A; AMARANTE, M K; CONTI, B J; SFORCIN, J M (2011) Cytotoxic constituents of propolis inducing anticancer effects: a review. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 63, 1378-1386.
  • AKYOL, S; GINIS, Z; ARMUTCU, F; OZTURK, G; YIGITOGLU, M R; AKYOL, O (2012) The potential usage of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) against chemotherapy-induced and radiotherapy-induced toxicity. Cell biochemistry and function, 30, 438-443.
  • OZTURK, G; GINIS, Z; AKYOL, S; ERDEN, G; GUREL, A; AKYOL, O (2012) The anticancer mechanism of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE): review of melanomas, lung and prostate cancers. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 16, 2064-2068.
  • CINEGAGLIA, N C; BERSANO, P R; ARAUJO, M J; BUFALO, M C; SFORCIN, J M (2013) Anticancer effects of geopropolis produced by stingless bees on canine osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: eCAM, 73-7386.
  • SFORCIN, J M (2007) Propolis and the immune system: a review. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 113, 1-14.
  • BUYUKBERBER, M; SAVAS, M. C; BAGCI, C; KORUK, M; GULSEN, M. T; TUTAR, E; BILGIC, T; DEVECI, R; KUCUK, C (2009) The beneficial effect of propolis on cerulein-induced experimental acute pancreatitis in rats. The Turkish journal of gastroenterology, 20, 122-128.
  • KITAMURA, H; NAOE, Y; KIMURA, S; MIYAMOTO, T; OKAMOTO, S; TODA, C; SHIMAMOTO, Y; IWANAGA, T; MIYOSHI, I (2013) Beneficial effects of Brazilian propolis on type 2 diabetes in ob/ob mice: Possible involvement of immune cells in mesenteric adipose tissue. Adipocyte, 2, 227-236.
  • BARROS, M P; SOUSA, J P; BASTOS, J K; ANDRADE, S F (2007) Effect of Brazilian green propolis on experimental gastric ulcers in rats. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 110, 567-571.
  • BARROS, M P; LEMOS, M; MAISTRO, E L; LEITE, M F; SOUSA, J P; BASTOS, J K; ANDRADE, S F (2008) Evaluation of antiulcer activity of the main phenolic acids found in Brazilian Green Propolis. Journal of ethnopharmacology,120, 372.
  • YILDIZ, O; KARAHALIL, F; CAN, Z; SAHIN, H; KOLAYLI, S (2013) Total monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition by chestnut honey, pollen and propolis. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 29(5):690-4.
  • CAI, Y Z; MEI, S; JIE, X; LUO, Q; CORKE, H (2006) Structure-radical scavenging activity relationships of phenolic compounds from traditional Chinese medicinal plants. Life sciences, 78, 2872-2888.
  • MOHAMMADZADEH, S; SHARIATPANAHI, M; HAMEDI, M; AHMADKHANIHA, R; SAMADI, N; OSTAD, S. N (2007) Chemical composition, oral toxicity and antimicrobial activity of Iranian propolis. Food Chemistry, 103, 1097-1103.
  • GREGORIS, E; STEVANATO, R (2010) Correlations between polyphenolic composition and antioxidant activity of Venetian propolis. Food and chemical toxicology, 48, 76-82.
  • HAVSTEEN, B H (2002) The biochemistry and medical significance of the flavonoids. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 96, 67-202.
  • KÜÇÜK, M; KOLAYLI, S; KARAOĞLU, Ş; ULUSOY, E; BALTACI, C; CANDAN, F (2007) Biological activities and chemical composition of three honeys of different types from Anatolia. Food Chemistry, 100, 526-534.
  • HUANG, W Y; CAI, Y Z; ZHANG, Y (2010) Natural phenolic compounds from medicinal herbs and dietary plants: potential use for cancer prevention. Nutrition and cancer, 62, 1-20.
  • SFORCIN, J M; FERNANDES, A; JR. LOPES, C A; BANKOVA, V; FUNARI, S R (2000) Seasonal effect on Brazilian propolis antibacterial activity. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 73, 243-9.
  • DAUGSCH, A; MORAES, C S; FORT, P; PARK, Y K (2008) Brazilian red propolis—chemical composition and botanical origin. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: eCAM 5, 435-441.
  • SHIMOMURA, K; SUGIYAMA, Y; NAKAMURA, J; AHN, M R; KUMAZAWA, S (2013) Component analysis of propolis collected on Jeju Island, Korea. Phytochemistry, 93, 222-229.
  • DE VILLIERS, A; LYNEN, F; CROUCH, A; SANDRA, P (2004) Development of a Solid-Phase Extraction Procedure for the Simultaneous Determination of Polyphenols, Organic Acids and Sugars in Wine. Chromatographia, 59, 403-409.
  • SINGLETON, V L; Orthofer, R; Lamuela-Raventós, R M (1999) Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent. In Methods in enzymology, Lester, P., Ed. Academic Press: 1999; Vol. 299, pp 152-178.
  • BENZIE, I F; STRAIN, J J (1999) Ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay: direct measure of total antioxidant activity of biological fluids and modified version for simultaneous measurement of total antioxidant power and ascorbic acid concentration. Methods in enzymology, 299, 15-27.
  • MOLYNEUX, P (2004) The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicrylhyrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. The Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 26, 211–219.
  • BARBARIC, M; MISKOVIC, K; BOJIC, M; LONCAR, M B; SMOLCIC-BUBALO A, DEBELJAK Z; MEDICSARIC M, J (2011) Chemical composition of the ethanolic propolis extracts and its effect on HeLa cells. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 135, 772-778.
  • CHAN, G C; CHEUNG, K W; SZE, D M (2013) The immunomodulatory and anticancer properties of propolis. Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 44, 262-273.
  • SALOMAO, K; DANTAS, A P; BORBA, C M; CAMPOS, L C; MACHADO, D G; Aquino Neto, F R; de Castro, S L (2004) Chemical composition and microbicidal activity of extracts from Brazilian and Bulgarian propolis. Letters in applied microbiology, 38, 87-92.
  • GULCIN, I; BURSAL, E; SEHITOGLU, M H; BILSEL, M; GOREN, A C (2010) Polyphenol contents and antioxidant activity of lyophilized aqueous extract of propolis from Erzurum, Turkey. Food and chemical toxicology, 48, 2227-38.
  • KUMAZAWA, S; HAMASAKA, T; NAKAYAMA, T (2004) Antioxidant activity of propolis of various geographic origins. Food Chemistry, 84, 329-339.
  • THIRUGNANASAMPANDAN, R; RAVEENDRAN, S B; JAYAKUMAR, R (2012) Analysis of chemical composition and bioactive property evaluation of Indian propolis. Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2, 651-654.
  • FALCAO, S I; VALE, N; GOMES, P; DOMINGUES, M R; FREIRE, C; CARDOSO, S M; VILAS-BOAS, M (2013) Phenolic profiling of Portuguese propolis by LC-MS spectrometry: uncommon propolis rich in flavonoid glycosides. Phytochemical analysis: PCA, 24, 309-318.
  • LIN, J P; YANG, J S; LU, C C; CHIANG, J H; WU, C L; LIN, J J; LIN, H L; YANG, M D; LIU, K C; CHIU, T H; CHUNG, J G (2009) Rutin inhibits the proliferation of murine leukemia WEHI-3 cells in vivo and promotes immune response in vivo. Leukemia research, 33, 823-828.
  • VISKUPICOVA, J; STROSOVA, M; STURDIK, E; HORAKOVA, L (2009) Modulating effect of flavonoids and their derivatives on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase oxidized by hypochloric acid and peroxynitrite. Neuro endocrinology letters, 30 Suppl 1, 148-151.
  • YANG, N; REN, G J (2008) Application of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy to the evaluation of rutin and D-chiro-Inositol contents in tartary buckwheat. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 56, 761-764.

Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Potential of Propolis from Azerbaijan

Year 2015, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 16 - 28, 31.05.2016

Abstract

This study analyzed the antioxidant properties and phenolic compositions of propolis samples collected from 15 different locations in Azerbaijan. Antioxidant activities were measured using three different methods, i) total phenolic contents (TPC), ii) ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and iii) 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. TPC of the propolis samples were between 10.94 and 79.23 mg GAE/g, FRAP values were between 170 and 438 µM Trolox/g and DPPH radical scavenging activities (SC50 value) were between 18 and 128 µg/mL. Phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified using HPLC-DAD in comparison with standards. Of the 15 samples investigated, propolis samples from the Ismayilli, Zerdap and Qax regions exhibited higher antioxidant capacity compared to the other regions of Azerbaijan. The total antioxidant potential of the samples varied depending on the flora of the different collection regions; however, there were also significant differences among samples collected within the same region. The study findings reveal that the antioxidant potential of propolis samples does not depend only on the flora of the region, but that the condition and age of the beehive, as well as the strength of the colony and method of collection of the samples are also important dynamics.

References

  • AHN, MR., KUMAZAWA S; USUI, Y; NAKAMURA, J; MATSUKA, M; ZHU, F; NAKAYAMA, T (2007) Antioxidant activity and constituents of propolis collected in various areas of China. Food Chemistry, 101, 1383-1392.
  • PIETTA, P G; GARDANA, C; PIETTA, A M (2002) Analytical methods for quality control of propolis. Fitoterapia, 73 Suppl 1, S7-20.
  • LASKAR, R A; SK, I; ROY, N; BEGUM, N A (2010) Antioxidant activity of Indian propolis and its chemical constituents. Food Chemistry, 122, 233-237.
  • MOREIRA, L; DIAS, L G; PEREIRA, J A; ESTEVINHO, L (2008) Antioxidant properties, total phenols and pollen analysis of propolis samples from Portugal. Food and chemical toxicology, 46, 3482-3485.
  • SANTOS, F A; BASTOS, E M; UZEDA, M; CARVALHO, M A; FARIAS, L M; MOREIRA, E S; BRAGA, F C (2002)Antibacterial activity of Brazilian propolis and fractions against oral anaerobic bacteria. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 80, 1-7.
  • ALIYAZICIOGLU, R; SAHIN, H; ERTURK, O; ULUSOY, E; KOLAYLI, S (2011) Properties of Phenolic Composition and Biological Activity of Propolis from Turkey. International Journal of Food Properties,16, 277-287.
  • HEGAZI, A G; EL MINIAWY, H F; EL MINIAWY, F A (1995) Effect of some honey bee products on immune response of chicken infected with virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The Egyptian journal of Immunology, 2, 79-86.
  • SARIKAYA, A O; ULUSOY, E; OZTURK, N; TUNCEL, M; KOLAYLI, S (2009) Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Acid Constituents of Chestnut (Castania Sativa Mill.) Honey and Propolis. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 33, 470-481.
  • HEGAZI, A G (2012) Medical importance of bee products. Uludag Bee Journal,12, 136-146.
  • WATANABE, M A; AMARANTE, M K; CONTI, B J; SFORCIN, J M (2011) Cytotoxic constituents of propolis inducing anticancer effects: a review. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 63, 1378-1386.
  • AKYOL, S; GINIS, Z; ARMUTCU, F; OZTURK, G; YIGITOGLU, M R; AKYOL, O (2012) The potential usage of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) against chemotherapy-induced and radiotherapy-induced toxicity. Cell biochemistry and function, 30, 438-443.
  • OZTURK, G; GINIS, Z; AKYOL, S; ERDEN, G; GUREL, A; AKYOL, O (2012) The anticancer mechanism of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE): review of melanomas, lung and prostate cancers. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 16, 2064-2068.
  • CINEGAGLIA, N C; BERSANO, P R; ARAUJO, M J; BUFALO, M C; SFORCIN, J M (2013) Anticancer effects of geopropolis produced by stingless bees on canine osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: eCAM, 73-7386.
  • SFORCIN, J M (2007) Propolis and the immune system: a review. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 113, 1-14.
  • BUYUKBERBER, M; SAVAS, M. C; BAGCI, C; KORUK, M; GULSEN, M. T; TUTAR, E; BILGIC, T; DEVECI, R; KUCUK, C (2009) The beneficial effect of propolis on cerulein-induced experimental acute pancreatitis in rats. The Turkish journal of gastroenterology, 20, 122-128.
  • KITAMURA, H; NAOE, Y; KIMURA, S; MIYAMOTO, T; OKAMOTO, S; TODA, C; SHIMAMOTO, Y; IWANAGA, T; MIYOSHI, I (2013) Beneficial effects of Brazilian propolis on type 2 diabetes in ob/ob mice: Possible involvement of immune cells in mesenteric adipose tissue. Adipocyte, 2, 227-236.
  • BARROS, M P; SOUSA, J P; BASTOS, J K; ANDRADE, S F (2007) Effect of Brazilian green propolis on experimental gastric ulcers in rats. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 110, 567-571.
  • BARROS, M P; LEMOS, M; MAISTRO, E L; LEITE, M F; SOUSA, J P; BASTOS, J K; ANDRADE, S F (2008) Evaluation of antiulcer activity of the main phenolic acids found in Brazilian Green Propolis. Journal of ethnopharmacology,120, 372.
  • YILDIZ, O; KARAHALIL, F; CAN, Z; SAHIN, H; KOLAYLI, S (2013) Total monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition by chestnut honey, pollen and propolis. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 29(5):690-4.
  • CAI, Y Z; MEI, S; JIE, X; LUO, Q; CORKE, H (2006) Structure-radical scavenging activity relationships of phenolic compounds from traditional Chinese medicinal plants. Life sciences, 78, 2872-2888.
  • MOHAMMADZADEH, S; SHARIATPANAHI, M; HAMEDI, M; AHMADKHANIHA, R; SAMADI, N; OSTAD, S. N (2007) Chemical composition, oral toxicity and antimicrobial activity of Iranian propolis. Food Chemistry, 103, 1097-1103.
  • GREGORIS, E; STEVANATO, R (2010) Correlations between polyphenolic composition and antioxidant activity of Venetian propolis. Food and chemical toxicology, 48, 76-82.
  • HAVSTEEN, B H (2002) The biochemistry and medical significance of the flavonoids. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 96, 67-202.
  • KÜÇÜK, M; KOLAYLI, S; KARAOĞLU, Ş; ULUSOY, E; BALTACI, C; CANDAN, F (2007) Biological activities and chemical composition of three honeys of different types from Anatolia. Food Chemistry, 100, 526-534.
  • HUANG, W Y; CAI, Y Z; ZHANG, Y (2010) Natural phenolic compounds from medicinal herbs and dietary plants: potential use for cancer prevention. Nutrition and cancer, 62, 1-20.
  • SFORCIN, J M; FERNANDES, A; JR. LOPES, C A; BANKOVA, V; FUNARI, S R (2000) Seasonal effect on Brazilian propolis antibacterial activity. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 73, 243-9.
  • DAUGSCH, A; MORAES, C S; FORT, P; PARK, Y K (2008) Brazilian red propolis—chemical composition and botanical origin. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: eCAM 5, 435-441.
  • SHIMOMURA, K; SUGIYAMA, Y; NAKAMURA, J; AHN, M R; KUMAZAWA, S (2013) Component analysis of propolis collected on Jeju Island, Korea. Phytochemistry, 93, 222-229.
  • DE VILLIERS, A; LYNEN, F; CROUCH, A; SANDRA, P (2004) Development of a Solid-Phase Extraction Procedure for the Simultaneous Determination of Polyphenols, Organic Acids and Sugars in Wine. Chromatographia, 59, 403-409.
  • SINGLETON, V L; Orthofer, R; Lamuela-Raventós, R M (1999) Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent. In Methods in enzymology, Lester, P., Ed. Academic Press: 1999; Vol. 299, pp 152-178.
  • BENZIE, I F; STRAIN, J J (1999) Ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay: direct measure of total antioxidant activity of biological fluids and modified version for simultaneous measurement of total antioxidant power and ascorbic acid concentration. Methods in enzymology, 299, 15-27.
  • MOLYNEUX, P (2004) The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicrylhyrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. The Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 26, 211–219.
  • BARBARIC, M; MISKOVIC, K; BOJIC, M; LONCAR, M B; SMOLCIC-BUBALO A, DEBELJAK Z; MEDICSARIC M, J (2011) Chemical composition of the ethanolic propolis extracts and its effect on HeLa cells. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 135, 772-778.
  • CHAN, G C; CHEUNG, K W; SZE, D M (2013) The immunomodulatory and anticancer properties of propolis. Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 44, 262-273.
  • SALOMAO, K; DANTAS, A P; BORBA, C M; CAMPOS, L C; MACHADO, D G; Aquino Neto, F R; de Castro, S L (2004) Chemical composition and microbicidal activity of extracts from Brazilian and Bulgarian propolis. Letters in applied microbiology, 38, 87-92.
  • GULCIN, I; BURSAL, E; SEHITOGLU, M H; BILSEL, M; GOREN, A C (2010) Polyphenol contents and antioxidant activity of lyophilized aqueous extract of propolis from Erzurum, Turkey. Food and chemical toxicology, 48, 2227-38.
  • KUMAZAWA, S; HAMASAKA, T; NAKAYAMA, T (2004) Antioxidant activity of propolis of various geographic origins. Food Chemistry, 84, 329-339.
  • THIRUGNANASAMPANDAN, R; RAVEENDRAN, S B; JAYAKUMAR, R (2012) Analysis of chemical composition and bioactive property evaluation of Indian propolis. Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2, 651-654.
  • FALCAO, S I; VALE, N; GOMES, P; DOMINGUES, M R; FREIRE, C; CARDOSO, S M; VILAS-BOAS, M (2013) Phenolic profiling of Portuguese propolis by LC-MS spectrometry: uncommon propolis rich in flavonoid glycosides. Phytochemical analysis: PCA, 24, 309-318.
  • LIN, J P; YANG, J S; LU, C C; CHIANG, J H; WU, C L; LIN, J J; LIN, H L; YANG, M D; LIU, K C; CHIU, T H; CHUNG, J G (2009) Rutin inhibits the proliferation of murine leukemia WEHI-3 cells in vivo and promotes immune response in vivo. Leukemia research, 33, 823-828.
  • VISKUPICOVA, J; STROSOVA, M; STURDIK, E; HORAKOVA, L (2009) Modulating effect of flavonoids and their derivatives on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase oxidized by hypochloric acid and peroxynitrite. Neuro endocrinology letters, 30 Suppl 1, 148-151.
  • YANG, N; REN, G J (2008) Application of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy to the evaluation of rutin and D-chiro-Inositol contents in tartary buckwheat. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 56, 761-764.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA26ZG43TK
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Zehra Can This is me

Oktay Yıldız

Hüseyin Şahin This is me

Alsever Asadov This is me

Sevgi Kolaylı This is me

Publication Date May 31, 2016
Submission Date May 31, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 15 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Can, Z., Yıldız, O., Şahin, H., Asadov, A., et al. (2016). Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Potential of Propolis from Azerbaijan. Mellifera, 15(1), 16-28.
AMA Can Z, Yıldız O, Şahin H, Asadov A, Kolaylı S. Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Potential of Propolis from Azerbaijan. mellifera. May 2016;15(1):16-28.
Chicago Can, Zehra, Oktay Yıldız, Hüseyin Şahin, Alsever Asadov, and Sevgi Kolaylı. “Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Potential of Propolis from Azerbaijan”. Mellifera 15, no. 1 (May 2016): 16-28.
EndNote Can Z, Yıldız O, Şahin H, Asadov A, Kolaylı S (May 1, 2016) Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Potential of Propolis from Azerbaijan. Mellifera 15 1 16–28.
IEEE Z. Can, O. Yıldız, H. Şahin, A. Asadov, and S. Kolaylı, “Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Potential of Propolis from Azerbaijan”, mellifera, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 16–28, 2016.
ISNAD Can, Zehra et al. “Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Potential of Propolis from Azerbaijan”. Mellifera 15/1 (May 2016), 16-28.
JAMA Can Z, Yıldız O, Şahin H, Asadov A, Kolaylı S. Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Potential of Propolis from Azerbaijan. mellifera. 2016;15:16–28.
MLA Can, Zehra et al. “Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Potential of Propolis from Azerbaijan”. Mellifera, vol. 15, no. 1, 2016, pp. 16-28.
Vancouver Can Z, Yıldız O, Şahin H, Asadov A, Kolaylı S. Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Potential of Propolis from Azerbaijan. mellifera. 2016;15(1):16-28.