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Morphological, physiological, cytological characteristics and agricultural potential of colchicine induced autotetraploid plants in safflower

Year 2022, Volume: 35 Issue: 3, 175 - 181, 02.12.2022

Hasan Baydar Ümmü Tuğlu

https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.1067571

Abstract

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is one of the important oilseed and bio-energy crops. All of the safflower cultivars in the world have diploid genomes (2n= 2x= 24). In this research, autotetraploidy induction in safflower was performed by colchicine treatments to the emerging shoot tips at the cotyledonary stage. As a result of flow cytometric analyses performed in the C2 progenies, autotetraploids (4x= 48) had DNA content of 4.88 pg 2C-1, while diploids (2x= 24) had 2.29 pg 2C-1. The autotetraploids in C2 generation exhibited bigger stomata size (33.40 μm to 46.90 μm in length) and a higher chloroplast number (9.5 to 17.2 in the guard cells), but less stomatal density (17.98% to 16.67% in index) compared to their diploid counterparts. However, autotetraploidy reduced the pollen viability from 80.24% to 16.20%, and seed set rate from 35.06% to 7.01% per capitula. As a result, autotetraploid plants were able to produce very few seeds despite the high unit seed size and weight in their heads. While oil content of the large-seeded autotetraploids was significantly lower, by two-fold, (26.37% to 13.23% in the whole seeds) than the small-seeded diploids, fatty acid composition was not significantly influenced by autopolyploidization.

Keywords

Carthamus tinctorius Autotetraploidy Colchicine induction Flow cytometer Trait evolution

Thanks

We would like to thank Prof.Dr. Metin Tuna from Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University for flow cytometry analysis.

References

  • Acquaah G (2012) Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding (2nd Edition). Wiley-Blackwell, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Baghyalakshmi K, Shaik M, Mohanrao M, Shaw R, Lavanya C (2020) Development and characterization of tetraploid castor plants. Characterization and Utilization 18: 98-104.
  • Blakeslee AF, Avery AG (1937) Methods of inducing doubling of chromosomes in plants by treatment with colchicine. The Journal of Heredity 28: 393-411.
  • Boso S, Gago P, Alonso-Villaverde V, Santiago JL, Martinez MC (2016) Density and size of stomata in the leaves of different Vitis vinifera varieties. Vitis 55: 17-22.
  • Chapman MA, Burke JM (2007) DNA sequence diversity and the origin of cultivated safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.; Asteraceae). BMC Plant Biology 7: 60.
  • Claassen C, Ekdahl WG, Severson GM (1950) The estimation of oil percentage in safflower seed and the association of oil percentage with hull and nitrogen percentages, seed size, and degree of spineless of the plant. Agronomy Journal 42: 478-482.
  • Corneillie S, De Storme N, Van Acker R, Fangel JU, De Bruyne M (2019) Polyploidy affects plant growth and alters cell wall composition. Plant Physiology 179: 74-87.
  • Dewey DR (1980) Some applications and misapplications of induced polyploidy to plant breeding. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 445-470.
  • Erbas S, Tonguc M, Sanlı A (2016) Variations in the agronomic and quality characteristics of domestic and foreign safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 20: 110-119.
  • Estilai A (1971) Cytogenetic studies of Carthamus species (Compositae) with eleven pairs of chromosomes. PhD, University of California, Davis, USA.
  • Eti S (1990) A practical method in used determination pollen production level. Journal of Çukurova University Agriculture Faculty 5: 49-58.
  • Evans GM, Rahman MM (1990) The basis of low grain yield and infertility in autotetraploid barley (Hordeum vulgare). Heredity 64: 305-313.
  • Jaskani MJ, Kwon SW, Koh GC, Huh YC, Ko BR (2004) Induction and characterization of tetraploid watermelon. Korean Society for Horticultural Science 45: 60-65.
  • Jiang C, Johkan M, Hohjo M, Tsukagoshi S, Maruo T (2017) A correlation analysis on chlorophyll content and SPAD value in tomato leaves. HortResearch 71: 37-42.
  • Knowles PF (1969) Centers of plant diversity and conservation of crop germplasm – Safflower. Economic Botany 23(4): 324-329.
  • Kushwah K S, Verma R C, Patel S, Jain NK (2018). Colchicine induced polyploidy in Chrysanthemum carinatum L. Journal of Phylogenetics & Evolutionary Biology 06. doi: 10.4172/2329-9002.1000193.
  • Levin DA (1983) Polyploidy and novelty in flowering plants. American Naturalist 122: 1-25.
  • Limera C, Wang K, Xu L, Wang Y, Zhu X (2016) Induction of autotetraploidy using colchicine and its identification in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 91: 63-70.
  • Meidner H, Mansfield TA (1969) Physiology of Stomata. Mc Graw-Hill, Newyork, USA.
  • Moghbel N, Borujeni MK, Bernard F (2015) Colchicine effect on the DNA content and stomata size of Glycyrrhiza glabra var. glandulifera and Carthamus tinctorius L. cultured in vitro. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 13: 1-6.
  • Monakhos SG, Nguen ML, Bezbozhnaya AV, Monakhos GF (2014) A relationship between ploidy level and the number of chloroplasts in stomatal guard cells in diploid and amphidiploid Brassica species. Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya 5: 44-54.
  • Niu TY, Chena M, Fua Q, Donga Y, Hea H (2016) Identification and characterization of tetraploid and octoploid Jatropha curcas induced by colchicine. Caryologia 69: 58-66.
  • Nizam I, Gulcu R, Savas Tuna G & Tuna M (2020) Determination of nuclear DNA content and ploidy of some Bromus L. germplasm by flow cytometery. Pakistan Journal of Botany 52: 3. doi: 10.30848/PJB2020-3(12).
  • Norton JD (1966) Testing of plum pollen viability with tetrazolium salts. American Society of Horticultural Science 89: 132-134.
  • Parisod C, Holderegger R, Brochmann C (2010) Evolutionary consequences of autopolyploidy. The New Phytologist 186: 5-17.
  • Paterson AH (2005). Polyploidy, evolutionary opportunity, and crop adaptation. Genetica 123: 191-196.
  • Pei Y, He N YL, Deng D, Li W, Zhang W (2019) Comparative study of the morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics between diploid and tetraploid radish (Raphunas sativus L.). Scientia Horticulturae 257: 108739. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108739.
  • Pfahler PL, Barnet RD, Luke HH (1987) Diploid/tetraploid comparisons in rye. Crop Science 27: 431-435.
  • Rao V, Ramachandram M, Arunachalam V (1977) An analysis of association of components of yield and oil in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 50: 185-191.
  • SAS (1998) SAS Introductory Guide, 3rd Edition, NC, USA, pp. 99.
  • Sattler MC, Carvalho CR, Clarindo WR (2016) The polyploidy and its key role in plant breeding. Planta. doi: 10.1007/s00425-015-2450-x.
  • Sheidai M, Sotoode M, Nourmohammadi Z (2009) Chromosome pairing and cytomixis in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars. Cytologia 74: 43-53.
  • Simmonds NW (1980) Polyploidy in plant breeding. SPAN 23: 73-75.
  • Singh RN (1992) Chromosomal abnormalities and fertility in induced autotetraploid Helianthus annuus in C1 and C2 generation. Cytologia 57: 277-281.
  • Srivastava R, Srivastava G (2002) Autopolyploids of Helianthus annuus L. var. morden. Cytologia 67: 213-220.
  • Uysal T, Tekkanat BS, Şimşek Sezer EN, Ada R, Bozkurt M (2018) Karyotype analysis of some lines and varieties belonging to Carthamus tinctorius L. species. Anatolian Journal of Botany 2: 1-9.
  • Wang X, Cheng ZM, Zhi S, Xu F (2016) Breeding triploid plants: a review. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 52: 41-54.
  • Wu Z, Liu H, Zhan W, Yu Z, Qin E (2021) The chromosome-scale reference genome of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) provides insights into linoleic acid and flavonoid biosynthesis. Plant Biotechnology Journal 19: 1725-1742.

Morphological, physiological, cytological characteristics and agricultural potential of colchicine induced autotetraploid plants in safflower

Year 2022, Volume: 35 Issue: 3, 175 - 181, 02.12.2022

Hasan Baydar Ümmü Tuğlu

https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.1067571

Abstract

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is one of the important oilseed and bio-energy crops. All of the safflower cultivars in the world have diploid genomes (2n= 2x= 24). In this research, autotetraploidy induction in safflower was performed by colchicine treatments to the emerging shoot tips at the cotyledonary stage. As a result of flow cytometric analyses performed in the C2 progenies, autotetraploids (4x= 48) had DNA content of 4.88 pg 2C-1, while diploids (2x= 24) had 2.29 pg 2C-1. The autotetraploids in C2 generation exhibited bigger stomata size (33.40 μm to 46.90 μm in length) and a higher chloroplast number (9.5 to 17.2 in the guard cells), but less stomatal density (17.98% to 16.67% in index) compared to their diploid counterparts. However, autotetraploidy reduced the pollen viability from 80.24% to 16.20%, and seed set rate from 35.06% to 7.01% per capitula. As a result, autotetraploid plants were able to produce very few seeds despite the high unit seed size and weight in their heads. While oil content of the large-seeded autotetraploids was significantly lower, by two-fold, (26.37% to 13.23% in the whole seeds) than the small-seeded diploids, fatty acid composition was not significantly influenced by autopolyploidization.

Keywords

Carthamus tinctorius Autotetraploidy Colchicine induction Flow cytometer Trait evolution

References

  • Acquaah G (2012) Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding (2nd Edition). Wiley-Blackwell, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Baghyalakshmi K, Shaik M, Mohanrao M, Shaw R, Lavanya C (2020) Development and characterization of tetraploid castor plants. Characterization and Utilization 18: 98-104.
  • Blakeslee AF, Avery AG (1937) Methods of inducing doubling of chromosomes in plants by treatment with colchicine. The Journal of Heredity 28: 393-411.
  • Boso S, Gago P, Alonso-Villaverde V, Santiago JL, Martinez MC (2016) Density and size of stomata in the leaves of different Vitis vinifera varieties. Vitis 55: 17-22.
  • Chapman MA, Burke JM (2007) DNA sequence diversity and the origin of cultivated safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.; Asteraceae). BMC Plant Biology 7: 60.
  • Claassen C, Ekdahl WG, Severson GM (1950) The estimation of oil percentage in safflower seed and the association of oil percentage with hull and nitrogen percentages, seed size, and degree of spineless of the plant. Agronomy Journal 42: 478-482.
  • Corneillie S, De Storme N, Van Acker R, Fangel JU, De Bruyne M (2019) Polyploidy affects plant growth and alters cell wall composition. Plant Physiology 179: 74-87.
  • Dewey DR (1980) Some applications and misapplications of induced polyploidy to plant breeding. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 445-470.
  • Erbas S, Tonguc M, Sanlı A (2016) Variations in the agronomic and quality characteristics of domestic and foreign safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 20: 110-119.
  • Estilai A (1971) Cytogenetic studies of Carthamus species (Compositae) with eleven pairs of chromosomes. PhD, University of California, Davis, USA.
  • Eti S (1990) A practical method in used determination pollen production level. Journal of Çukurova University Agriculture Faculty 5: 49-58.
  • Evans GM, Rahman MM (1990) The basis of low grain yield and infertility in autotetraploid barley (Hordeum vulgare). Heredity 64: 305-313.
  • Jaskani MJ, Kwon SW, Koh GC, Huh YC, Ko BR (2004) Induction and characterization of tetraploid watermelon. Korean Society for Horticultural Science 45: 60-65.
  • Jiang C, Johkan M, Hohjo M, Tsukagoshi S, Maruo T (2017) A correlation analysis on chlorophyll content and SPAD value in tomato leaves. HortResearch 71: 37-42.
  • Knowles PF (1969) Centers of plant diversity and conservation of crop germplasm – Safflower. Economic Botany 23(4): 324-329.
  • Kushwah K S, Verma R C, Patel S, Jain NK (2018). Colchicine induced polyploidy in Chrysanthemum carinatum L. Journal of Phylogenetics & Evolutionary Biology 06. doi: 10.4172/2329-9002.1000193.
  • Levin DA (1983) Polyploidy and novelty in flowering plants. American Naturalist 122: 1-25.
  • Limera C, Wang K, Xu L, Wang Y, Zhu X (2016) Induction of autotetraploidy using colchicine and its identification in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 91: 63-70.
  • Meidner H, Mansfield TA (1969) Physiology of Stomata. Mc Graw-Hill, Newyork, USA.
  • Moghbel N, Borujeni MK, Bernard F (2015) Colchicine effect on the DNA content and stomata size of Glycyrrhiza glabra var. glandulifera and Carthamus tinctorius L. cultured in vitro. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 13: 1-6.
  • Monakhos SG, Nguen ML, Bezbozhnaya AV, Monakhos GF (2014) A relationship between ploidy level and the number of chloroplasts in stomatal guard cells in diploid and amphidiploid Brassica species. Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya 5: 44-54.
  • Niu TY, Chena M, Fua Q, Donga Y, Hea H (2016) Identification and characterization of tetraploid and octoploid Jatropha curcas induced by colchicine. Caryologia 69: 58-66.
  • Nizam I, Gulcu R, Savas Tuna G & Tuna M (2020) Determination of nuclear DNA content and ploidy of some Bromus L. germplasm by flow cytometery. Pakistan Journal of Botany 52: 3. doi: 10.30848/PJB2020-3(12).
  • Norton JD (1966) Testing of plum pollen viability with tetrazolium salts. American Society of Horticultural Science 89: 132-134.
  • Parisod C, Holderegger R, Brochmann C (2010) Evolutionary consequences of autopolyploidy. The New Phytologist 186: 5-17.
  • Paterson AH (2005). Polyploidy, evolutionary opportunity, and crop adaptation. Genetica 123: 191-196.
  • Pei Y, He N YL, Deng D, Li W, Zhang W (2019) Comparative study of the morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics between diploid and tetraploid radish (Raphunas sativus L.). Scientia Horticulturae 257: 108739. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108739.
  • Pfahler PL, Barnet RD, Luke HH (1987) Diploid/tetraploid comparisons in rye. Crop Science 27: 431-435.
  • Rao V, Ramachandram M, Arunachalam V (1977) An analysis of association of components of yield and oil in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 50: 185-191.
  • SAS (1998) SAS Introductory Guide, 3rd Edition, NC, USA, pp. 99.
  • Sattler MC, Carvalho CR, Clarindo WR (2016) The polyploidy and its key role in plant breeding. Planta. doi: 10.1007/s00425-015-2450-x.
  • Sheidai M, Sotoode M, Nourmohammadi Z (2009) Chromosome pairing and cytomixis in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars. Cytologia 74: 43-53.
  • Simmonds NW (1980) Polyploidy in plant breeding. SPAN 23: 73-75.
  • Singh RN (1992) Chromosomal abnormalities and fertility in induced autotetraploid Helianthus annuus in C1 and C2 generation. Cytologia 57: 277-281.
  • Srivastava R, Srivastava G (2002) Autopolyploids of Helianthus annuus L. var. morden. Cytologia 67: 213-220.
  • Uysal T, Tekkanat BS, Şimşek Sezer EN, Ada R, Bozkurt M (2018) Karyotype analysis of some lines and varieties belonging to Carthamus tinctorius L. species. Anatolian Journal of Botany 2: 1-9.
  • Wang X, Cheng ZM, Zhi S, Xu F (2016) Breeding triploid plants: a review. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 52: 41-54.
  • Wu Z, Liu H, Zhan W, Yu Z, Qin E (2021) The chromosome-scale reference genome of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) provides insights into linoleic acid and flavonoid biosynthesis. Plant Biotechnology Journal 19: 1725-1742.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Hasan Baydar 0000-0003-1317-2066

Ümmü Tuğlu 0000-0002-7580-8480

Publication Date December 2, 2022
Submission Date February 3, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 35 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Baydar, H., & Tuğlu, Ü. (2022). Morphological, physiological, cytological characteristics and agricultural potential of colchicine induced autotetraploid plants in safflower. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, 35(3), 175-181. https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.1067571
AMA Baydar H, Tuğlu Ü. Morphological, physiological, cytological characteristics and agricultural potential of colchicine induced autotetraploid plants in safflower. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences. December 2022;35(3):175-181. doi:10.29136/mediterranean.1067571
Chicago Baydar, Hasan, and Ümmü Tuğlu. “Morphological, Physiological, Cytological Characteristics and Agricultural Potential of Colchicine Induced Autotetraploid Plants in Safflower”. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 35, no. 3 (December 2022): 175-81. https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.1067571.
EndNote Baydar H, Tuğlu Ü (December 1, 2022) Morphological, physiological, cytological characteristics and agricultural potential of colchicine induced autotetraploid plants in safflower. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 35 3 175–181.
IEEE H. Baydar and Ü. Tuğlu, “Morphological, physiological, cytological characteristics and agricultural potential of colchicine induced autotetraploid plants in safflower”, Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 175–181, 2022, doi: 10.29136/mediterranean.1067571.
ISNAD Baydar, Hasan - Tuğlu, Ümmü. “Morphological, Physiological, Cytological Characteristics and Agricultural Potential of Colchicine Induced Autotetraploid Plants in Safflower”. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 35/3 (December 2022), 175-181. https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.1067571.
JAMA Baydar H, Tuğlu Ü. Morphological, physiological, cytological characteristics and agricultural potential of colchicine induced autotetraploid plants in safflower. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences. 2022;35:175–181.
MLA Baydar, Hasan and Ümmü Tuğlu. “Morphological, Physiological, Cytological Characteristics and Agricultural Potential of Colchicine Induced Autotetraploid Plants in Safflower”. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, vol. 35, no. 3, 2022, pp. 175-81, doi:10.29136/mediterranean.1067571.
Vancouver Baydar H, Tuğlu Ü. Morphological, physiological, cytological characteristics and agricultural potential of colchicine induced autotetraploid plants in safflower. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences. 2022;35(3):175-81.
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