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The Metabolic Control and Quality of Life Levels of Children with Type 1 Diabetes Using Insulin Pen and Insulin Pumps

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 65 - 71, 21.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.988288

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study we conducted in this direction is to compare the metabolic control and quality of life of pediatric patients in the 8-12 age group who use insulin pen or insulin pump with the diagnosis of diabetes.
Methods: This research is a descriptive and relationship seeking study. The research sample consists of children in the 8-12 age group (n=80), who were diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus at least 6 months ago. Socio-demographic Information Form, Metabolic Control Form and Quality of Life in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Scale were applied to the children participating in the study. Data were analyzed by using the SPSS 24.0 package program.
Results: It was determined that the HbA1c levels of children using insulin pen were higher than children using insulin pumps. It was determined that children using an insulin pen count carbohydrates at a lower rate compared to children using insulin pump. In the study, the total mean score of quality of life of the children using insulin pen was 1433.75±354.076, and the mean score of the children using insulin pump was 2075.00±316.278. It was determined that the children using insulin pumps had a higher mean score from the quality of life scale and its sub-dimensions compared to the children using insulin pen, and the difference between them was statistically significant in terms of the sub-dimensions and total score average of the scale, except for the Communication sub-dimension (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It was concluded that children using an insulin pump had better metabolic control compared to children using an insulin pen and their quality of life increased as their HbA1c levels decreased. For this reason, it was recommended that the use of pumps should be expanded in children in order to ensure good metabolic control.

References

  • American Diabetes Association. Children and adolescents: standards of medical care in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2021; 44 (Supplement 1): S180-199. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-S013.
  • Brook CGD, Clayton PE, Brown RS. Brook's clinical pediatric endocrinology. 6th ed. Chichester. UK; Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.viii, 2009. 624 p. 4 p. of plates.
  • International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 9th Edition. https://www.diabetesatlas.org/en/sections/demographic-and-geographic-outline.html. 29 Ekim 2020
  • Erdoğan S, Olgun N, Yıldırım N, Bilgili H, Keser A, Saruhan S, Yassıbaş E. Çocukluk Çağı Diyabeti Eğitimci Rehberi, Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu Yayını. Ankara: Koza Basım, 2014, 1-92.
  • Patterson CC, Dahlquist GG, Gyürüs E, Green A, Soltez G, EURODIAB Study Group. Incidence trends for childhood type 1 diabetes in Europe During 1989-2003 and predicted new cases 2005-20: a multicentre prospective registration study. Lancet. 2009; 373: 2027-33. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60568-7.
  • Bundak R. Ergenlik Çağında Diyabet Yönetimi. Türk Ped Arşivi. 2011; 46 (11):79-81. https://doi.org/10.4274/tpa.46.40.
  • Conk Z, Başbakkal Z, Yılmaz HB, Bolışık B. Pediatri Hemşireliği, Ankara, Akademisyen Tıp Kitapevi, 2013, 486-513.
  • Çavuşoğlu H. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hemşireliği, Genişletilmiş 10.baskı, Cilt 2. Ankara, Sistem Ofset Basımevi, 2008, 150-75.
  • Gülşah SE, Sibel E, Nurcan Ö. Tip 1 Diyabetli Çocuk ve Adölesanlarda Metabolik Kontrol. YOBU Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 2021; 2 (1): 28-37.
  • Abacı A, Böber E, Büyükgebiz A. Tip 1 Diyabet. Güncel Pediyatri, 2007, 5:1-10.
  • Plodkowski RA, Edelman DV. The state of insulin pump therapy. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2002; 9 (4): 329-337.
  • Tanrıverdi MH, Çelepkolu T, Aslanhan H. Diyabet ve birinci basamak sağlık hizmetleri. JCEI. 2013; 4: 562-567. doi: 10.5799/ahinjs.01.2013.04.0347.
  • Huang ES, Brown SES, Ewigman BG, Foley EC, Meltzer DO. Patient Perceptions of Quality of Life With Diabetes-Related Complications and Treatments. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30: 2478-83. doi: 10.2337/dc07-0499.
  • Er M. Çocuk, hastalık, anne-babalar ve kardeşler. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi. 2006; 49: 155-168.
  • Öztürk C, Ayar D. Tip 1 Diabetes Mellitus’lu çocuklarda yaşam kalitesi ve önemi. DEUHYO ED. 2013; 6: 99-101.
  • Hart HE, Redekop WK, Bilo HJG, et al. Health related quality of life in patients with type I diabetes mellitus: generic & disease-specific measurement. Indian J Med Res. 2007; 125: 203-216. PMID: 17496351.
  • Kara K, Çınar S. Diyabet bakım profili ile metabolik kontrol değișkenleri arasındaki ilișki. Kafkas J Med Sc. 2011; 1: 57-63. doi: 10.5505/kjms.2011.41736.
  • Coskun A, Yavuz Ö, Memısogulları R, Kurt H. HbA1c Ölçümünde HPLC ve Türbidimetrik Immüno-inhibisyon Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması. Duzce Medical Journal. 2007; 9(1): 15-19. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/dtfd/issue/48259/610932.
  • Maahs DM, Horton LA, Chase HP. The use of insulin pumps in youth with type 1 diabetes. DiabetesTechnol Ther. 2010; 12:S59-65. doi: 10.1089/dia.2009.0161.
  • Johnson SR, Cooper MN, Jones TW, Davis EA. Long-term outcome of insulin pump therapy in children with type 1 diabetes assessed in a large population-based case-control study. Diabetologia. 2013; 56: 2392-2400. doi: 10.1007/s00125-013-3007-9.
  • Misso ML, Egberts KJ, Page M, O'Connor D, Shaw J. Continuous subcutaneous insülin infusion (CSII) versus multiple insulin injections for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010; 20: CD005103. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005103.pub2.
  • Dovc K, Telic SS, Lusa L, et al. Improved metabolic control in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes: a nation wide prospective 12-year time trends analysis. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2014; 16: 33-40. doi: 10.1089/dia.2013.0182.
  • Sulmont V, Souchon PF, Gouillard-Darnaud C, et al. Metabolic control in children with diabetes mellitus who are younger than 6 years at diagnosis: continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion as a first line treatment?. J Pediatr. 2010; 157: 103-107. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.12.034.
  • Müller-Godeffroy E, Treichel S, Wagner VM, et al. Investigation of quality of life and family burden issues during insulin pump therapy in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus–a large-scale multi centre pilot study. Diabet Med. 2009; 26: 493-501. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02707.x.
  • Nuboer R, Borsboom GJ, Zoethout JA, Koot HM, Bruining J. Effects of insulin pump vs. injection treatment on quality of life and impact of disease in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in a randomized, prospective comparison. Pediatr Diabetes. 2008; 28: 291-296. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2008.00396.x.
  • Varni JW, Burwinkle TM, Jacobs JR, Gottschalk M, Kaufman F, Jones KL. The PedsQL in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes: reliability and validity of the pediatric quality of life inventory generic corescales and type 1 diabetes module. Diabetes Care. 2003; 26: 631-37. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.3.631.
  • Varni JW, Seid M, Kurtin PS. PedsQL(TM) 4.0: Reliability and validity of the pediatric quality of life inventory (TM) version 4.0 generic core scales in healthy and patient populations. Medical Care. 2001; 39: 800-812. doi: 10.1097/00005650-200108000-00006.
  • Ayar D, Öztük C. Psychometric evaluation of the pediatric quality of life inventory™ 3.0 diabetes module for Turkish children with type I diabetes mellitus. Oxidation Communications. 2016; 39(1): 438-449.
  • Kaufman FR, Halvarson M, Carepenter S, Devoe D, Pitukcheewanont P. Insulin pump therapy in young children with diabetes. Diabetes Spectrum. 2001;14: 84-89. https://doi.org/10.2337/diaspect.14.2.84.
  • Plotnick LP, Clark LM, Brancati FL, Erlinger T. Safety and effectiveness of insulin pump therapy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003; 26: 1142-1146. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.4.1142.
  • Saha ME, Huuppone T, Mikael K, Juuti M, Komulainen J. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in the treatment of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2002; 15(7):1005-1010. doi: 10.1515/jpem.2002.15.7.1005.
  • Bishop F, Maahs DM, Spiegel G. The carbohydrate counting in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (CCAT) study. Diabetes Spectr. 2009; 22: 56-62. doi: 10.2337/diaspect.22.1.56.
  • Mackner LM, McGrath AM, Stark LJ. Dietary recommendations to prevent and manage chronic pediatric health conditions: adherence, intervention, and future directions. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2001; 22: 130-143. doi: 10.1097/00004703-200104000-00008.
  • Abolfotouh MA, Kamal MM, El-Bourgy MD, Mohamed SG. Quality of life and glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and the impact of an education intervention. Int J Gen Med. 2011; 4:141-152. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S16951.
  • Leite SAO, Zanim LM, Granzotto PCD, Heupa S, Lamounier RN. Educational program to type 1 diabetes mellitus patients: basic topics. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2008;v52 (2):233-242. doi: 10.1590/s0004-27302008000200010.
  • Cochran J, Conn VS. Meta-analysis of quality of life outcomes following diabetes self-management training. Diabetes Educ. 2008; 34 (5): 815-823. doi: 10.1177/0145721708323640.
  • Nansel TR, Lannotti RJ, Simons-Morton BG, et al. Short-term and 1-year outcomes of a diabetes personal trainer intervention among youth with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30 (10): 2471-247. doi: 10.2337/dc06-2621.
  • Kalyva F, Malakonaki E, Eiser C, Mamoulakis D. Health related quality of life (HRQoL) of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM): self and parental perceptions. Pediatr Diabetes. 2011; 12(1): 34-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2010.00653.x.
  • Duras E, Bezen D, Özkaya O, Dursun H. Tip 1 diyabetes mellitus tanısı ile izlenmekte olan hastaların yaşam kalitesi düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi. Güncel Pediatri. 2018; 16(2): 72-85.
  • Jin J, Sklar GE, Oh VMS, Li SC. Factors Affecting Therapeutic Compliance: A Review From The Patient’s Perspective. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2008; 4: 269-286. doi: 10.2147/tcrm.s1458
  • Özel HG. Diyabetli Bireylerde Tıbbi Beslenme Tedavisine Uyum Sorunları. Bes Diy Derg. 2019; 47: 15-28. https://doi.org/10.33076/2019.BDD.1311
  • Wood B. Medication Adherence: The Real Problem When Treating Chronic Conditions. US Pharmist. 2012; 37: 3-6.
  • Gimenes HT, Zanetti ML, Haas VJ. Factors Related To Patient Adherence To Antidiabetic Drug Therapy. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2009; 17(1): 46-51. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692009000100008.
  • Hassan K, Loar R, Anderson BJ, Heptulla RA. The role of socioeconomic status, depression, quality of life, and glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr. 2006; 149(4): 526-531. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.05.039.
  • Çelik H. Tip 1 Diyabetli Adölesanlarda Yeme Davranış Tutumu ve Beslenme Durumu İlişkisi ile Yaşam Kalitesinin Değerlendirilmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 2019: Ankara.
  • Yayan EH, Zengin M, Erden YK, Akıncı A. The relationship between the quality of life and depression levels of young people with type I diabetes. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2019; 55(2): 291-9. doi: 10.1111/ppc.12349.

İnsülin Kalemi ve Pompası Kullanan Tip 1 Diyabet Hastası Çocuklarda Metabolik Kontrol ve Yaşam Kalitesi Düzeyleri

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 65 - 71, 21.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.988288

Abstract

Amaç: Çalışma, diyabet tanısıyla insülin kalemi ve insülin pompası kullanan 8-12 yaş grubundaki çocuk hastaların metabolik kontrol ve yaşam kalitelerini karşılaştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı tiptedir. Çalışmanın evrenini en az 6 ay önce Tip 1 diyabet tanısı alan 8-12 yaş grubundaki çocuklar (n=80) oluşturmuştur. Çalışmaya katılan çocuklara Sosyo-demografik Bilgi Formu, Metabolik Kontrol Formu ve Tip 1 Diyabetli Çocuklarda Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Veriler SPSS 24.0 istatistik paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmada insülin kalemi kullanan çocukların HbA1c düzeylerinin insülin pompası kullanan çocuklara kıyasla daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. İnsülin kalemi kullanan çocukların insülin pompası kullananlara kıyasla daha az oranda karbonhidrat sayımı yaptıkları belirlenmiştir. İnsülin kalemi kullanan çocukların yaşam kalitesi toplam puan ortalaması 1433,75±354,076, insülin pompası kullanan çocukların toplam puan ortalaması 2075,00±316,278’dir. İnsülin pompası kullanan çocukların yaşam kalitesi ölçeği ve alt boyutlarından insülin kalemi kullanan çocuklara kıyasla daha fazla puan ortalamasına sahip oldukları, İletişim alt boyutu hariç diğer alt boyutlar ve ölçek toplam puan ortalaması açısından aralarındaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,05).
Sonuç: İnsülin pompası kullanan çocukların insülin kalemi kullanan çocuklara kıyasla daha iyi metabolik kontrol sağladıkları ve HbA1c düzeyleri azaldıkça yaşam kalitelerinin arttığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu nedenle iyi bir metabolik kontrolün sağlanması amacıyla çocuklarda pompa kullanımının yaygınlaştırılması gerektiği önerilmektedir.

References

  • American Diabetes Association. Children and adolescents: standards of medical care in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2021; 44 (Supplement 1): S180-199. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-S013.
  • Brook CGD, Clayton PE, Brown RS. Brook's clinical pediatric endocrinology. 6th ed. Chichester. UK; Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.viii, 2009. 624 p. 4 p. of plates.
  • International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 9th Edition. https://www.diabetesatlas.org/en/sections/demographic-and-geographic-outline.html. 29 Ekim 2020
  • Erdoğan S, Olgun N, Yıldırım N, Bilgili H, Keser A, Saruhan S, Yassıbaş E. Çocukluk Çağı Diyabeti Eğitimci Rehberi, Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu Yayını. Ankara: Koza Basım, 2014, 1-92.
  • Patterson CC, Dahlquist GG, Gyürüs E, Green A, Soltez G, EURODIAB Study Group. Incidence trends for childhood type 1 diabetes in Europe During 1989-2003 and predicted new cases 2005-20: a multicentre prospective registration study. Lancet. 2009; 373: 2027-33. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60568-7.
  • Bundak R. Ergenlik Çağında Diyabet Yönetimi. Türk Ped Arşivi. 2011; 46 (11):79-81. https://doi.org/10.4274/tpa.46.40.
  • Conk Z, Başbakkal Z, Yılmaz HB, Bolışık B. Pediatri Hemşireliği, Ankara, Akademisyen Tıp Kitapevi, 2013, 486-513.
  • Çavuşoğlu H. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hemşireliği, Genişletilmiş 10.baskı, Cilt 2. Ankara, Sistem Ofset Basımevi, 2008, 150-75.
  • Gülşah SE, Sibel E, Nurcan Ö. Tip 1 Diyabetli Çocuk ve Adölesanlarda Metabolik Kontrol. YOBU Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 2021; 2 (1): 28-37.
  • Abacı A, Böber E, Büyükgebiz A. Tip 1 Diyabet. Güncel Pediyatri, 2007, 5:1-10.
  • Plodkowski RA, Edelman DV. The state of insulin pump therapy. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2002; 9 (4): 329-337.
  • Tanrıverdi MH, Çelepkolu T, Aslanhan H. Diyabet ve birinci basamak sağlık hizmetleri. JCEI. 2013; 4: 562-567. doi: 10.5799/ahinjs.01.2013.04.0347.
  • Huang ES, Brown SES, Ewigman BG, Foley EC, Meltzer DO. Patient Perceptions of Quality of Life With Diabetes-Related Complications and Treatments. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30: 2478-83. doi: 10.2337/dc07-0499.
  • Er M. Çocuk, hastalık, anne-babalar ve kardeşler. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi. 2006; 49: 155-168.
  • Öztürk C, Ayar D. Tip 1 Diabetes Mellitus’lu çocuklarda yaşam kalitesi ve önemi. DEUHYO ED. 2013; 6: 99-101.
  • Hart HE, Redekop WK, Bilo HJG, et al. Health related quality of life in patients with type I diabetes mellitus: generic & disease-specific measurement. Indian J Med Res. 2007; 125: 203-216. PMID: 17496351.
  • Kara K, Çınar S. Diyabet bakım profili ile metabolik kontrol değișkenleri arasındaki ilișki. Kafkas J Med Sc. 2011; 1: 57-63. doi: 10.5505/kjms.2011.41736.
  • Coskun A, Yavuz Ö, Memısogulları R, Kurt H. HbA1c Ölçümünde HPLC ve Türbidimetrik Immüno-inhibisyon Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması. Duzce Medical Journal. 2007; 9(1): 15-19. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/dtfd/issue/48259/610932.
  • Maahs DM, Horton LA, Chase HP. The use of insulin pumps in youth with type 1 diabetes. DiabetesTechnol Ther. 2010; 12:S59-65. doi: 10.1089/dia.2009.0161.
  • Johnson SR, Cooper MN, Jones TW, Davis EA. Long-term outcome of insulin pump therapy in children with type 1 diabetes assessed in a large population-based case-control study. Diabetologia. 2013; 56: 2392-2400. doi: 10.1007/s00125-013-3007-9.
  • Misso ML, Egberts KJ, Page M, O'Connor D, Shaw J. Continuous subcutaneous insülin infusion (CSII) versus multiple insulin injections for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010; 20: CD005103. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005103.pub2.
  • Dovc K, Telic SS, Lusa L, et al. Improved metabolic control in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes: a nation wide prospective 12-year time trends analysis. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2014; 16: 33-40. doi: 10.1089/dia.2013.0182.
  • Sulmont V, Souchon PF, Gouillard-Darnaud C, et al. Metabolic control in children with diabetes mellitus who are younger than 6 years at diagnosis: continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion as a first line treatment?. J Pediatr. 2010; 157: 103-107. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.12.034.
  • Müller-Godeffroy E, Treichel S, Wagner VM, et al. Investigation of quality of life and family burden issues during insulin pump therapy in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus–a large-scale multi centre pilot study. Diabet Med. 2009; 26: 493-501. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02707.x.
  • Nuboer R, Borsboom GJ, Zoethout JA, Koot HM, Bruining J. Effects of insulin pump vs. injection treatment on quality of life and impact of disease in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in a randomized, prospective comparison. Pediatr Diabetes. 2008; 28: 291-296. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2008.00396.x.
  • Varni JW, Burwinkle TM, Jacobs JR, Gottschalk M, Kaufman F, Jones KL. The PedsQL in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes: reliability and validity of the pediatric quality of life inventory generic corescales and type 1 diabetes module. Diabetes Care. 2003; 26: 631-37. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.3.631.
  • Varni JW, Seid M, Kurtin PS. PedsQL(TM) 4.0: Reliability and validity of the pediatric quality of life inventory (TM) version 4.0 generic core scales in healthy and patient populations. Medical Care. 2001; 39: 800-812. doi: 10.1097/00005650-200108000-00006.
  • Ayar D, Öztük C. Psychometric evaluation of the pediatric quality of life inventory™ 3.0 diabetes module for Turkish children with type I diabetes mellitus. Oxidation Communications. 2016; 39(1): 438-449.
  • Kaufman FR, Halvarson M, Carepenter S, Devoe D, Pitukcheewanont P. Insulin pump therapy in young children with diabetes. Diabetes Spectrum. 2001;14: 84-89. https://doi.org/10.2337/diaspect.14.2.84.
  • Plotnick LP, Clark LM, Brancati FL, Erlinger T. Safety and effectiveness of insulin pump therapy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003; 26: 1142-1146. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.4.1142.
  • Saha ME, Huuppone T, Mikael K, Juuti M, Komulainen J. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in the treatment of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2002; 15(7):1005-1010. doi: 10.1515/jpem.2002.15.7.1005.
  • Bishop F, Maahs DM, Spiegel G. The carbohydrate counting in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (CCAT) study. Diabetes Spectr. 2009; 22: 56-62. doi: 10.2337/diaspect.22.1.56.
  • Mackner LM, McGrath AM, Stark LJ. Dietary recommendations to prevent and manage chronic pediatric health conditions: adherence, intervention, and future directions. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2001; 22: 130-143. doi: 10.1097/00004703-200104000-00008.
  • Abolfotouh MA, Kamal MM, El-Bourgy MD, Mohamed SG. Quality of life and glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and the impact of an education intervention. Int J Gen Med. 2011; 4:141-152. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S16951.
  • Leite SAO, Zanim LM, Granzotto PCD, Heupa S, Lamounier RN. Educational program to type 1 diabetes mellitus patients: basic topics. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2008;v52 (2):233-242. doi: 10.1590/s0004-27302008000200010.
  • Cochran J, Conn VS. Meta-analysis of quality of life outcomes following diabetes self-management training. Diabetes Educ. 2008; 34 (5): 815-823. doi: 10.1177/0145721708323640.
  • Nansel TR, Lannotti RJ, Simons-Morton BG, et al. Short-term and 1-year outcomes of a diabetes personal trainer intervention among youth with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30 (10): 2471-247. doi: 10.2337/dc06-2621.
  • Kalyva F, Malakonaki E, Eiser C, Mamoulakis D. Health related quality of life (HRQoL) of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM): self and parental perceptions. Pediatr Diabetes. 2011; 12(1): 34-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2010.00653.x.
  • Duras E, Bezen D, Özkaya O, Dursun H. Tip 1 diyabetes mellitus tanısı ile izlenmekte olan hastaların yaşam kalitesi düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi. Güncel Pediatri. 2018; 16(2): 72-85.
  • Jin J, Sklar GE, Oh VMS, Li SC. Factors Affecting Therapeutic Compliance: A Review From The Patient’s Perspective. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2008; 4: 269-286. doi: 10.2147/tcrm.s1458
  • Özel HG. Diyabetli Bireylerde Tıbbi Beslenme Tedavisine Uyum Sorunları. Bes Diy Derg. 2019; 47: 15-28. https://doi.org/10.33076/2019.BDD.1311
  • Wood B. Medication Adherence: The Real Problem When Treating Chronic Conditions. US Pharmist. 2012; 37: 3-6.
  • Gimenes HT, Zanetti ML, Haas VJ. Factors Related To Patient Adherence To Antidiabetic Drug Therapy. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2009; 17(1): 46-51. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692009000100008.
  • Hassan K, Loar R, Anderson BJ, Heptulla RA. The role of socioeconomic status, depression, quality of life, and glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr. 2006; 149(4): 526-531. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.05.039.
  • Çelik H. Tip 1 Diyabetli Adölesanlarda Yeme Davranış Tutumu ve Beslenme Durumu İlişkisi ile Yaşam Kalitesinin Değerlendirilmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 2019: Ankara.
  • Yayan EH, Zengin M, Erden YK, Akıncı A. The relationship between the quality of life and depression levels of young people with type I diabetes. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2019; 55(2): 291-9. doi: 10.1111/ppc.12349.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Nursing
Journal Section Original Article / Medical Sciences
Authors

Gamze Nur Kardaş This is me 0000-0001-6619-060X

Ayşe Gürol 0000-0002-7408-5428

Publication Date March 21, 2022
Submission Date August 29, 2021
Acceptance Date January 21, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kardaş, G. N., & Gürol, A. (2022). İnsülin Kalemi ve Pompası Kullanan Tip 1 Diyabet Hastası Çocuklarda Metabolik Kontrol ve Yaşam Kalitesi Düzeyleri. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 65-71. https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.988288
AMA Kardaş GN, Gürol A. İnsülin Kalemi ve Pompası Kullanan Tip 1 Diyabet Hastası Çocuklarda Metabolik Kontrol ve Yaşam Kalitesi Düzeyleri. KOU Sag Bil Derg. March 2022;8(1):65-71. doi:10.30934/kusbed.988288
Chicago Kardaş, Gamze Nur, and Ayşe Gürol. “İnsülin Kalemi Ve Pompası Kullanan Tip 1 Diyabet Hastası Çocuklarda Metabolik Kontrol Ve Yaşam Kalitesi Düzeyleri”. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 8, no. 1 (March 2022): 65-71. https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.988288.
EndNote Kardaş GN, Gürol A (March 1, 2022) İnsülin Kalemi ve Pompası Kullanan Tip 1 Diyabet Hastası Çocuklarda Metabolik Kontrol ve Yaşam Kalitesi Düzeyleri. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 8 1 65–71.
IEEE G. N. Kardaş and A. Gürol, “İnsülin Kalemi ve Pompası Kullanan Tip 1 Diyabet Hastası Çocuklarda Metabolik Kontrol ve Yaşam Kalitesi Düzeyleri”, KOU Sag Bil Derg, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 65–71, 2022, doi: 10.30934/kusbed.988288.
ISNAD Kardaş, Gamze Nur - Gürol, Ayşe. “İnsülin Kalemi Ve Pompası Kullanan Tip 1 Diyabet Hastası Çocuklarda Metabolik Kontrol Ve Yaşam Kalitesi Düzeyleri”. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 8/1 (March 2022), 65-71. https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.988288.
JAMA Kardaş GN, Gürol A. İnsülin Kalemi ve Pompası Kullanan Tip 1 Diyabet Hastası Çocuklarda Metabolik Kontrol ve Yaşam Kalitesi Düzeyleri. KOU Sag Bil Derg. 2022;8:65–71.
MLA Kardaş, Gamze Nur and Ayşe Gürol. “İnsülin Kalemi Ve Pompası Kullanan Tip 1 Diyabet Hastası Çocuklarda Metabolik Kontrol Ve Yaşam Kalitesi Düzeyleri”. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 1, 2022, pp. 65-71, doi:10.30934/kusbed.988288.
Vancouver Kardaş GN, Gürol A. İnsülin Kalemi ve Pompası Kullanan Tip 1 Diyabet Hastası Çocuklarda Metabolik Kontrol ve Yaşam Kalitesi Düzeyleri. KOU Sag Bil Derg. 2022;8(1):65-71.