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Bedenin Enstrümanlaştırılmasına Yönelik Çalışmaların Covid19 Pandemi Döneminde Akademisyenlerin Tükenmişlik Psikolojik İyi Oluş ve Algılanan Sosyal Destek Düzeylerine Etkisi

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 52 - 68, 27.05.2023

Ceylan Ünal Akbulut Melike Ceylan Şebnem Uşen Ece Merve Yüceer Nıshıda Emrah Uçar İbrahim Demir

https://doi.org/10.53048/johass.1197451

Abstract

Tükenmişlik, uzun süreli iş stresinden kaynaklanan ve duygusal tükenme, duyarsızlaşma ve kişisel başarıda azalma olarak ifade edilebilen bir sendromdur ve akademik hayatı olumsuz yönde etkileyebilmektedir (Ömer, 2008). Kişisel ve sosyal etkenler tükenmişlik düzeyleri üzerinde önemli etkiye sahip olabilir. Olumlu psikolojik özelliklere sahip bireylerin, olumsuz psikolojik özelliklere sahip bireylere göre işle ilgili zorlu görevlerle baş etme ve bu taleplere daha kolay uyum sağlama olasılıkları daha yüksektir (McNeill, Cheyne, 2008). Buna göre psikolojik iyi oluş, bireyin yaşamını tatmin edici, anlamlı ve değerli olarak değerlendirdiği olumlu bir duygusal ve bilişsel durum olarak kabul edilir. Öte yandan, sosyal destek gibi daha düşük tükenmişlik düzeylerine katkıda bulunabilecek dış kaynaklar da vardır. Sosyal destek, zorlu durumlarla başa çıkmada yardımcı olan ve kişilerarası etkileşimler yoluyla edinilebilen bireysel kaynaklar olarak anlaşılmaktadır (McNeill, Cheyne, 2008). Bu çalışmada sanat terapisi ve nefes çalışmaları yoluyla akademisyenlerin tükenmişlik düzeyleri düşürülmeye çalışılmıştır. Türkiye'nin çeşitli illerinden gönüllü olarak katılan akademisyenler tercih ettikleri sanat grubuna dâhil edilmiş ve her grupta 3'er kişi olmak üzere toplam 6 akademisyen ile yürütülen bu çalışmalar 1 ay sürmüştür. Katılımcıların tükenmişlik, psikolojik iyi oluş ve algılanan sosyal destek düzeyleri ölçekler aracılığıyla ön test ve son test yöntemleriyle ölçülmüştür. Katılımcılarla yapılan 1 aylık çalışmaların sonuçlarını daha iyi değerlendirebilmek için yarı yapılandırılmış sorularla derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, katılımcıların tükenmişlik düzeylerinde azalma, psikolojik iyi oluş ve algılanan sosyal destek düzeylerinde ise artış olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

Tükenmişlik sendromu psikolojik iyi oluş algılanan sosyal destek nefes çalışmaları sanat terapisi.

Supporting Institution

Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP) Koordinasyon Birimi

Project Number

SBA-2021-4430

References

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  • Ascenso, S., Williamon, A., & Perkins, R. (2017). Understanding the wellbeing of professional musicians through the lens of Positive Psychology. Psychology of Music, 45(1), 65-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735616646864
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  • Maslach, C. & Goldberg, J (1998). Prevention of burnout: New perspectives. Applied & Preventive Psychology, 7(1), 63-74. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/S0962-1849(98)80022-X
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  • Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (1997). The truth about burnout: How organizations cause personal stress and what to do about it. Jossey-Bass.
  • Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., Leiter, M. P., Schaufeli, W. B., & Schwab, R. L. (1986). Maslach burn-out inventory (Vol. 21, pp. 3463-3464). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting psychologists press.
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  • Novotny, S., & Kravitz, L., (2013). The science of breathing. IDEA Fitness Journal, 4(2), 36-43.
  • Önder, Ö. (2020). 365 Gün Nefes (3nd). Kuraldışı Yayıncılık. Örün, D. (2019). Nefes Egzersizinin Stres Hormonlarına Etkisi (Publication No. 552197) [Master's thesis, Selçuk Üniversitesi]. YÖK Tez Merkezi. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Peter M., & Litchfield, Ph. D. (2006). Breathing is behavior, a unique behavior that regulates body chemistry, pH. Good Breathing, Bad Breathing.
  • Register, D. M., & Hilliard, R. E. (2008). Using Orff-based techniques in children's bereavement groups: A cognitive-behavioral music therapy approach. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 35(2), 162-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2007.10.001
  • Reid, M. (2011). Local Government’s Quest for Constitutional Status. In J. McNeill & C. Cheyne (Eds.), Along a Fault-Line New Zealand: Dunmore Publishing.
  • Riley, S. (2001). Art therapy with adolescents. The Western journal of medicine, 175(1), 54–57. https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fewjm.175.1.54
  • Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719
  • Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(1), 13-39. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1007/s10902-006-9019-0
  • Sarros, J. C., & Sarros, A. M. (1992). Social support and teacher burnout. Journal of Educational Administration, 30(1), https://doi.org/10.1108/09578239210008826
  • Schaufeli, W. B., Maslach, C., & Marek, T. (Eds.). (1993). Professional burnout: Recent developments in theory and research. Taylor & Francis.
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The Effects of The Body Instrumentalization on Academics’ Level of Burnout, Psychological Well-Being And Perceived Social Support During The Covid-19 Pandemic

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 52 - 68, 27.05.2023

Ceylan Ünal Akbulut Melike Ceylan Şebnem Uşen Ece Merve Yüceer Nıshıda Emrah Uçar İbrahim Demir

https://doi.org/10.53048/johass.1197451

Abstract

Burnout is a syndrome that results from prolonged job-related stress and may be expressed as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment which may negatively effect the academic life. (Ömer, 2008). Individuals with positive psychological characteristics are more likely to cope with demanding job-related tasks and adapt to these demands easily than individuals with negative psychological characteristics (McNeill, Cheyne, 2008). In terms of an individual's characteristics, we could mention psychological well being. On the other hand, there are external sources that may contribute to lower levels of burnout such as social support. Social support is understood as the individual resources that help in coping with demanding situations and can be acquired by means of interpersonal interactions (McNeill, Cheyne, 2008). In this study, it was tried to decrease the burnout levels of academicians through art therapy and breathing exercises. Academicians from various provinces of Turkey who participated voluntarily were assigned to the art group they preferred, and these studies, which were carried out with a total of 6 academicians, 3 people in each group, lasted for 1 month. The burnout, psychological well-being and perceived social support levels of the participants were measured with the pre-test and post-test methods through scales. In order to better evaluate the results of the 1-month studies conducted with the participants, in-depth interviews were conducted with semi-structured questions. As a result, there was a decrease in the burnout levels of the participants, and an increase in the levels of psychological well-being and perceived social support.

Keywords

Burnout syndrome psychological well-being perceived social support breathing exercises art therapy

Project Number

SBA-2021-4430

References

  • Acar, N. (2016). Nefes, kullanımı ve şan eğitimi. Ulakbilge, 4(8), 231-246 https://dx.doi.org/10.7816/ulakbilge-04-08-04
  • Agyapong, B., Brett-MacLean, P., Burback, L., Agyapong, V. I. O., & Wei, Y. (2023). Interventions to reduce stress and burnout among teachers: A scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(9), 5625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20095625
  • Ardıç, K. & Polatcı, S. (2008). Tükenmişlik sendromu akademisyenler üzerinde bir uygulama (GOÜ örneği). Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10 (2), 69-96.
  • Ascenso, S., Williamon, A., & Perkins, R. (2017). Understanding the wellbeing of professional musicians through the lens of Positive Psychology. Psychology of Music, 45(1), 65-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735616646864
  • Başerer, Z. & Başerer, D. (2019). Akademisyenlerin tükenmişlik ve öz yeterlik düzeyleri. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(1), 1-19.
  • Burke, R. J., Koyuncu, M., & Fiksenbaum, L. (2010). Burnout, work satisfactions and psychological well-being among nurses in Turkish hospitals. Europe’s journal of Psychology, 6(1), 63-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v7i4.156
  • Cheek, J. R., Bradley, L. J., Parr, G., & Lan, W. (2003). Using music therapy techniques to treat teacher burnout. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 25(3), 204–217. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.17744/mehc.25.3.ghneva55qw5xa3wm
  • Çavuş, M. F., Gök, T., & Kurtay, F. (2007). Tükenmişlik: Meslek yüksekokulu akademik personeli üzerine bir araştırma, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Dergisi, 16(2), 97–108
  • Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D., Oishi, S., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2010). New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research, 97(2), 143–156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-009-9493-y
  • Dignam, J. T., Barrera, M., & West, S. G. (1986). Occupational stress, social support, and burnout among correctional officers. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14(2), 177–193. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00911820
  • Eker D., Arkar H., & Yaldız, H. (2001). Çok boyutlu algılanan sosyal destek ölçeğinin gözden geçirilmiş formunun faktör yapısı, geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 12(1), 17–25.
  • Ergin, C. (1992). Doktor ve hemşirelerde tükenmişlik ve Maslach tükenmişlik envanterinin uyarlanması, 7. psikoloji kongre kitabı. Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
  • Freudenberger, H. J. (1974). Staff burnout. Journal of Social Issues, 30(1), 159-165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00706.x
  • Freudenberger, H. J., & Richelson G. (1981). Burn-out; How to beat the high cost of success. Bantam Books, Doubleday & Company, Inc.
  • Hegde, S. (2014). Music-based cognitive remediation therapy for patients with traumatic brain injury. Frontiers in Neurology, 5(34). 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2014.00034
  • Ibragimovich, I.K. (2023). Features of the "Emotional burnout" syndrome in teachers. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR), 9(4), 25–27.
  • Italia, S., Favara-Scacco, C., Di Cataldo, A., & Russo, G. (2008). Evaluation and art therapy treatment of the burnout syndrome in oncology units. Psycho-Oncology, 17(7), 676-680. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.1293
  • Lazarus, R. S. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. Springer.
  • Ma, X., Yue, Z.-Q., Gong, Z.-Q., Zhang, H., Duan, N.-Y., Shi, Y.-T., Wei, G.-X., & Li, Y.-F. (2017). The effect of diaphragmatic breathing on attention, Negative affect and stress in healthy adults. Front Psychol. 8, 874. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00874
  • Malchiodi, C. (2007). What is art therapy? Art Therapy Sourcebook (2nd Edition), United States of America.
  • Maslach, C. & Goldberg, J (1998). Prevention of burnout: New perspectives. Applied & Preventive Psychology, 7(1), 63-74. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/S0962-1849(98)80022-X
  • Maslach, C. (1982). Burnout: The cost of caring. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (1997). The truth about burnout: How organizations cause personal stress and what to do about it. Jossey-Bass.
  • Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., Leiter, M. P., Schaufeli, W. B., & Schwab, R. L. (1986). Maslach burn-out inventory (Vol. 21, pp. 3463-3464). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting psychologists press.
  • Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397–422. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397
  • Novotny, S., & Kravitz, L., (2013). The science of breathing. IDEA Fitness Journal, 4(2), 36-43.
  • Önder, Ö. (2020). 365 Gün Nefes (3nd). Kuraldışı Yayıncılık. Örün, D. (2019). Nefes Egzersizinin Stres Hormonlarına Etkisi (Publication No. 552197) [Master's thesis, Selçuk Üniversitesi]. YÖK Tez Merkezi. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Peter M., & Litchfield, Ph. D. (2006). Breathing is behavior, a unique behavior that regulates body chemistry, pH. Good Breathing, Bad Breathing.
  • Register, D. M., & Hilliard, R. E. (2008). Using Orff-based techniques in children's bereavement groups: A cognitive-behavioral music therapy approach. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 35(2), 162-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2007.10.001
  • Reid, M. (2011). Local Government’s Quest for Constitutional Status. In J. McNeill & C. Cheyne (Eds.), Along a Fault-Line New Zealand: Dunmore Publishing.
  • Riley, S. (2001). Art therapy with adolescents. The Western journal of medicine, 175(1), 54–57. https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fewjm.175.1.54
  • Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719
  • Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(1), 13-39. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1007/s10902-006-9019-0
  • Sarros, J. C., & Sarros, A. M. (1992). Social support and teacher burnout. Journal of Educational Administration, 30(1), https://doi.org/10.1108/09578239210008826
  • Schaufeli, W. B., Maslach, C., & Marek, T. (Eds.). (1993). Professional burnout: Recent developments in theory and research. Taylor & Francis.
  • Suls, J. & Martin, R. (2005). The daily life of the garden-variety neurotic: Reactivity, stressors exposure, mood spillover, and maladaptive coping. Journal of Personality, 73(6), 1485-1510. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00356.x
  • Şinik, E. (2019). Nefeste saklı hayat. Libros Yayınları. 53-133.
  • Taycan, O., Kutlu, L., Çimen, S., & Aydın, N. (2006). Bir üniversite hastanesinde çalışan hemşirelerde depresyon ve tükenmişlik düzeyinin sosyodemografik özelliklerle ilişki-si. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 7(2), 100-108.
  • Telef, B. B. (2013). Psikolojik iyi oluş ölçeği (PİOO): Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(3), 374-384. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.2414.4480
  • Tümkaya, S. (2000). İlkokul öğretmenlerindeki denetim odağı ve tükenmişlikle ilişkisi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(8) , 61-68.
  • Ur Rehman, A., Bhuttah, T. M., & You, X. (2020). Linking burnout to psychological well-being: The mediating role of social support and learning motivation. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 13, 545-554.
  • Ümmet, D., & Yalın, H. S. (2020). Üniversite öğrencilerinde psikolojik iyi oluşu arttırmaya yönelik bir psiko-eğitim programının etkililiğinin sınanması. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 24(3), 575-587.
  • Van der Vennet, R. (2002). Capella University ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
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There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ceylan Ünal Akbulut 0000-0001-5108-7386

Melike Ceylan 0000-0001-8603-8912

Şebnem Uşen 0000-0003-1802-7503

Ece Merve Yüceer Nıshıda 0000-0002-5595-2223

Emrah Uçar 0000-0003-2481-5514

İbrahim Demir 0000-0002-2734-4116

Project Number SBA-2021-4430
Publication Date May 27, 2023
Submission Date November 1, 2022
Acceptance Date May 26, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ünal Akbulut, C., Ceylan, M., Uşen, Ş., Yüceer Nıshıda, E. M., et al. (2023). The Effects of The Body Instrumentalization on Academics’ Level of Burnout, Psychological Well-Being And Perceived Social Support During The Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Human and Social Sciences, 6(1), 52-68. https://doi.org/10.53048/johass.1197451
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