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Biochar and Soil Physical Properties

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 2599 - 2612, 15.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.931246

Abstract

Biochar is a material with high carbon content produced as a result of thermochemical transformation processes of organic material. In addition to the industrial and environmental uses of biochar, it is used as a soil conditioner in problematic soils in the agricultural sector. In this study, the effects of biochar on some soil physical properties, moisture changes in soil and plants, and soil temperature were investigated. In detailed literature reviews, it was determined that biochar application has positive effects at the some of the soil physical properties such as; soil bulk density, porosity, hydraulic conductivity, aggregate stability, shear and tensile strength, moisture content of the plant and soil. In these studies, concluded that the effects of biochar on soil properties vary depending on the production technology of biochar and some physical properties of biochar. The factors such as pyrolysis temperature, raw material type, aggregate diameter used in the production phase have changed the effect levels of biochar on the soil. In addition, it was determined that most of the studies on the subject were carried out in a laboratory or greenhouse for a maximum of 2 years. Therefore, it was concluded that field experiments should be conducted that determine the long-term effects of biochar on the soil. It is also an important subject in researching the effectiveness of the methods to be used to mix biochar with soil.

References

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  • Bekele A, Roy JL, Young MA, 2015. Use of Biochar and Oxidized Lignite for Reconstructing Functioning Agronomic Topsoil: Effects on Soil Properties in a Greenhouse Study. Can. J. Soil Sci. 95:269–285.
  • Birol, M., 2020. İki Farklı Biyokömür Uygulamasının Bitki Verimine ve Toprak Kalitesine Etkisinin Belirlenmesi. Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi.
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  • Du Z, Chen X, Qi X, Li Z, Nan J, Deng J, 2016. The Effects of Biochar and Hoggery Biogas Slurry on Fluvo-Aquic Soil Physical and Hydraulic Properties: A Field Study of Four Consecutive Wheat–Maize Rotations. J. Soils Sediments, 16:2050–2058.
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Biyokömür ve Toprak Fiziksel Özellikleri

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 2599 - 2612, 15.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.931246

Abstract

Biyokömür, organik materyalin termokimyasal dönüşüm süreçler sonucunda üretilen yüksek karbon içeriğine sahip bir materyaldir. Biyokömürün endüstriyel ve çevresel kullanım alanlarının yanı sıra tarım sektöründe sorunlu topraklarda toprak düzenleyici olarak da kullanılmaktadır. Bu araştırmada, biyokömürün toprağın bazı toprak fiziksel özellikleri ile toprak ve bitkideki nem değişimleri ve toprak sıcaklığına olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Detaylı literatür incelemelerinde toprağa uygulanan biyokömürün; toprak hacim ağırlığı, porozitesi, hidrolik iletkenliği, agregat stabilizesi ile bitki ve toprak nem içeriği üzerinde olumlu etkilerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalarda biyokömürün toprak özelliklerine olan etkileri, biyokömürün üretim teknolojisi ve fiziksel özelliklerine bağlı olarak değiştiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Üretim aşamasında kullanılan; piroliz sıcaklığı, hammadde türü, agregat çapı gibi faktörler biyokömürün toprağa olan etki düzeylerini değiştirmiştir. Buna ilaveten, konu ile yapılan çalışmaların büyük bir bölümü laboratuvar ya da sera ortamında genelde 2 yıllık süreyle yürütüldüğü ve tarla koşullarında uzun vadede sürdürülen araştırma sayısının da oldukça sınırlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle biyokömürün toprak üzerindeki etkilerini uzun vadede tespitine yönelik tarla denemelerinin yürütülmesinin gerekli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu bağlamda yapılacak tarla denemelerinde biyokömürü toprağa karıştırmak amacıyla kullanılacak yöntemlerin etkinliğinin de araştırılması oldukça önemli bir konu olarak değerlendirilmiştir.

References

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  • Alaboz P, Öz H, 2020. Biyokömür ve Solarizasyon Uygulamalarının Bazı Toprak Fiziksel Özellikler Üzerine Etkileri. Anadolu Tarım Bilim. Derg. / Anadolu J Agr Sci (35): 208-214.
  • Andrenelli M, Maienza A, Genesio L, Miglietta F, Pellegrini S, Vaccari F, 2016. Field Application of Pelletized Biochar: Short Term Effect on The Hydrological Properties of a Silty Clay Loam Soil. Agric. Water Manage., 163:190– 196.
  • Antal M, Mochidzuki K, Paredes LS, 2003. Flash Carbonization of Biomass. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 42 (16): 3690-3699.
  • Antal MJ, Gronli M 2003. The Art, Science, and Technology of Charcoal Production. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 42:1619–1640.
  • Asai H, Samson BK, Stephan HM, Songyikhangsuthor K, Homma K, Kiyono Y, 2009. Biochar Amendment Techniques for Upland Rice Production in Northern Laos: 1. Soil physical properties, leaf SPAD and grain yield. Field Crops Res., 111:81–84.
  • Barnes RT, Gallaghe ME, Masiello CA, Liu Z, Dugan B, 2014. Biochar Induced Changes in Soil Hydraulic Conductivity and Dissolved Nutrient Fluxes Constrained by Laboratory Experiments. PLoS One 9: e108340.
  • Bekele A, Roy JL, Young MA, 2015. Use of Biochar and Oxidized Lignite for Reconstructing Functioning Agronomic Topsoil: Effects on Soil Properties in a Greenhouse Study. Can. J. Soil Sci. 95:269–285.
  • Birol, M., 2020. İki Farklı Biyokömür Uygulamasının Bitki Verimine ve Toprak Kalitesine Etkisinin Belirlenmesi. Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi.
  • Borchard N, Siemens J, Ladd JB, Möller A, Amelung W, 2014. Application of Biochars to Sandy and Silty Soil Failed to Increase Maize Yield under Common Agricultural Practice. Soil and Tillage Researh, 144:184–194.
  • Brassard P, Stephane G, Vijaya R, 2016. Soil Biochar Amendment as a Climate Change Mitigation Tool: Key Parameters and Mechanisms İnvolved. J. Environ. Manage., 181:484–497.
  • Bridgwater AV, 2012. Review of Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass and Product Upgrading. Biomass and Bioenergy, 38: 68-94.
  • Briggs C, Breiner JM, Graham RC, 2012. Physical and Chemical Properties of Pinus Ponderosa Charcoal: Implications for Soil Modification. Soil Sci., 177:263– 268.
  • Brockhoff SR, Christians NE, Killorn RJ, Horton R, Davis DD, 2010. Physical and Mineral-Nutrition Properties of Sand-Based Turfgrass Root Zones Amended with Biochar. Agronomy Journal, 102:1627–1631.
  • Burrell LD, Zehetner F, Rampazzo N, Wimmer B, Soja G, 2016. Longterm Effects of Biochar on Soil Physical Properties. Geoderma, 282:96–102.
  • Busscher WJ, Novak JM, Ahmedna M, 2011. Physical Effects of Organic Matter Amendment of a Southeastern Us Coastal Loamy Sand. Soil Sci., 176:661–667.
  • Busscher WJ, Novak JM, Evans DE, Watts DW, Niandou MAS, Ahmedna M, 2010. Influence of Pecan Biochar on Physical Properties of a Norfolk Loamy Sand. Soil Sci., 175:10–14.
  • Chan KY, Zwieten LV, Meszaros I, Downie A, Joseph S, 2007. Agronomic Values of Greenwaste Biochar as A Soil Amendment. Aust. J. Soil Res., 45:629–634.
  • Cui H, Ma K, Fan Y, Peng X, Mao J, Zhou D, 2016. Stability and Heavy Metal Distribution of Soil Aggregates Affected by Application of Apatite, Lime, and Charcoal. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 23:10808–10817.
  • Curaqueo G, Meier S, Khan N, Cea M, Navia R, 2014. Use of Biochar on Two Volcanic Soils: Effects on Soil Properties and Barley Yield. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 14:911–924.
  • Dan T, Zhong-Yi Q, Mang-Mang G, Bo L, Yi-Jia L, 2015. Experimental Study of Influence of Biochar of Different Texture Soil Hydraulic Characteristic Parameters and Moisture Holding Properties. Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 24:1435–1442.
  • De Melo Carvalho MT, De Holanda Nunes Maia A, Madari BE, Bastiaans L, Van Ort, PAJ, Heinemann AB, 2014. Biochar Increases Plant Available Water in a Sandy Soil under an Aerobic Rice Cropping System. Solid Earth 6:887–917.
  • Ding Y, Liu YG, Liu SB, Li ZW, Tan XF, Huang XX, 2016. Biochar to Improve Soil Fertility: A Review. Agron. Sustain. Dev., 36:12-18.
  • Dong X, Guan T, Li G, Lin Q, Zhao X (2016). Long-Term Effects of Biochar Amount on The Content and Composition of Organic Matter in Soil Aggregates under Field Conditions. J. Soils Sediments 16:1481–1497.
  • Du Z, Chen X, Qi X, Li Z, Nan J, Deng J, 2016. The Effects of Biochar and Hoggery Biogas Slurry on Fluvo-Aquic Soil Physical and Hydraulic Properties: A Field Study of Four Consecutive Wheat–Maize Rotations. J. Soils Sediments, 16:2050–2058.
  • Dufour DL,1990. Use of Tropical Rainforests by Native Amazonians. BioScience. 40 (9): 652–659.
  • Eastman CM, 2011. Soil Physical Characteristics of an Aeric Ochraqualf Amended with Biochar. MSc diss. Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
  • Esmaeelnejad L, Shorafa M, Gorji M, Hosseini SM, 2016. Enhancement of Physical and Hydrological Properties of a Sandy Loam Soil Via Application of Different Biochar Particle Sizes During İncubation Period. Span. J. Agric. Res., 14(2):e1103.
  • Gamage DN, Mapa RB, Dharmakeerthi RS, Biswas A, 2016. Effect of Ricehusk Biochar on Selected Soil Properties in Tropical Alfisols. Soil Research, 54:302–310.
  • Głąb T, Palmowska J, Zaleski T, Gondek K, 2016. Effect of Biochar Application on Soil Hydrological Properties and Physical Quality of Sandy Soil. Geoderma, 281:11–20.
  • Glaser B, Lehmann J, Steiner C, Nehls T, Yousaf M, Zech W, 2002. Potential of Pyrolysed Organic Matter in Soil Amelioration, in Proceedings of the 12th International Soil Conservation (ISCO) Conference, Beijing, China.
  • Gray M, Johnson MG, Dragila MI, Kleber M, 2014. Water Uptake in Biochars: The Roles of Porosity and Hydrophobicity. Biomass Bioenergy, 61:196–205.
  • Hansen V, Nielsen HH, Petersen CT, Mikkelsen TN, Stöver DM, 2016. Effects of Gasification Biochar on Plant-Available Water Capacity and Plant Growth in Two Contrasting Soil Types. S oil and Tillage Research, 161:1–9.
  • Herath HMSK, Arbestain MC, Hedley M, 2013. Effect of Biochar on Soil Physical Properties in Two Contrasting Soils: An Alfisol and an Andisol. Geoderma, 209–210:188–197.
  • Kambo H, Dutta A, 2015. A Comparative Review of Biochar and Hydrochar in Terms of Production, Physico-Chemical Properties and Applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 45: 359–378.
  • Khademalrasoul A, Naveed M, Heckrath G, Kumari KGID, Jonge LW, Elsgaard L, 2014. Biochar Effects on Soil Aggregate Properties Under No-Till Maize. Soil Science, 179:273–283.
  • Kinne, TJ, Masiello CA, Dugan B, Hockaday WC, Dean MR, Zygourakis K, 2012. Hydrologic Properties of Biochars Produced at Different Temperatures. Biomass Bioenergy 41:34–43.
  • Koide RT, Nguyen BT, Skinner RH, Dell CJ, Peoples MS, Adler PR, 2015. Biochar Amendment of Soil İmproves Resilience to Climate Change. GCB Bioenergy. 7:1084–1091.
  • Laird DA, Fleming P, Davis DD, Horton R, Wang B, Karlen DL, 2010. Impact of Biochar Amendments on the Quality of a Typical Midwestern Agricultural Soil. Geoderma, 158:443–449.
  • Lehmann J, Rillig MC, Thies J, Masiello CA, Hockaday WC, Crowley D, 2011. Biochar Effects on Soil Biota: A Review. Soil Biol. Biochem., 43:1812–1836.
  • Lim TJ, Spokas KA, Feyereisen G, Novak JM, 2016. Predicting the Impact of Biochar Additions on Soil Hydraulic Properties. Chemosphere, 142:136–144.
  • Liu XH, Han FP, Zhang, XC, 2012. Effect of Biochar on Soil Aggregates in The Loess Plateau: Results from Incubation Experiments. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 14:975– 979.
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There are 71 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section Biyosistem Mühendisliği / Biosystem Engineering
Authors

Mehmet Hakkı Alma 0000-0001-6323-7230

Alperay Altıkat 0000-0002-0087-5814

Publication Date December 15, 2021
Submission Date May 2, 2021
Acceptance Date September 6, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Alma, M. H., & Altıkat, A. (2021). Biyokömür ve Toprak Fiziksel Özellikleri. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 11(4), 2599-2612. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.931246
AMA Alma MH, Altıkat A. Biyokömür ve Toprak Fiziksel Özellikleri. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. December 2021;11(4):2599-2612. doi:10.21597/jist.931246
Chicago Alma, Mehmet Hakkı, and Alperay Altıkat. “Biyokömür Ve Toprak Fiziksel Özellikleri”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 11, no. 4 (December 2021): 2599-2612. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.931246.
EndNote Alma MH, Altıkat A (December 1, 2021) Biyokömür ve Toprak Fiziksel Özellikleri. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 11 4 2599–2612.
IEEE M. H. Alma and A. Altıkat, “Biyokömür ve Toprak Fiziksel Özellikleri”, J. Inst. Sci. and Tech., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 2599–2612, 2021, doi: 10.21597/jist.931246.
ISNAD Alma, Mehmet Hakkı - Altıkat, Alperay. “Biyokömür Ve Toprak Fiziksel Özellikleri”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 11/4 (December 2021), 2599-2612. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.931246.
JAMA Alma MH, Altıkat A. Biyokömür ve Toprak Fiziksel Özellikleri. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. 2021;11:2599–2612.
MLA Alma, Mehmet Hakkı and Alperay Altıkat. “Biyokömür Ve Toprak Fiziksel Özellikleri”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, vol. 11, no. 4, 2021, pp. 2599-12, doi:10.21597/jist.931246.
Vancouver Alma MH, Altıkat A. Biyokömür ve Toprak Fiziksel Özellikleri. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. 2021;11(4):2599-612.