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The Effects of Propylene oxide Fumigation on the Mortality of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 117 - 131, 29.04.2024

Yeter Küçüktopcu Ali Arda Isıkber

https://doi.org/10.24180/ijaws.1393400

Abstract

This study was carried out in 2014-2015 at Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Entomology Laboratory. This study aims to evaluate the viability of propylene oxide (PPO) as an alternative fumigant to methyl bromide (MeBr) for the efficient control of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and to model the mortality rates of P. interpunctella insects using different regression techniques. The biological effectiveness of PPO was assessed across all life stages of P. interpunctella during a brief exposure period (4 hours) under three conditions: normal atmospheric pressure (PPO alone), low pressure (PPO+Vacuum), and an atmosphere enriched with carbon dioxide (CO2) (PPO+CO2). For all PPO treatments, PPO was directly introduced into the fumigation chamber at seven or more concentrations using different micro-syringes of different volume ranges: 2.5-25 µl l-1, 1.5-45 µl l-1, 1.5-30 µl l-1, and 0.5-15 µl l-1 for eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults, respectively. The results indicate that 100% mortality was observed in eggs at concentrations of 25 µl l-1, 20 µl l-1 and 20 µl l-1; in larvae at concentrations of 45 µl l-1, 30 µl l-1 and 40 µl l-1; in pupae at concentrations of 30 µl l-1, 15 µl l-1 and 25 µl l-1; and in adults at concentrations of 15 µl l-1, 10 µl l-1 and 10 µl l-1 for the PPO alone, PPO+Vacuum, and PPO+CO2 treatments, respectively. The results obtained from the developed regression models for insect mortality reveal that these models generally exhibited a better fit when described by exponential and third-order polynomial functions. In summary, this study indicates that PPO treatments hold significant promise for rapid insect control, particularly in the case of the Indian meal moth, rendering them invaluable for quarantine purposes.

Keywords

Indian meal moth dried figs fumigant modelling mortality

Project Number

No:2012/5-5YLS

References

  • Alexopoulos, E. C. (2010). Introduction to multivariate regression analysis. Hippokratia, 14(1), 23-28. Bell, C. H. (2000). Fumigation in the 21st century. Crop Protection, 19(8-10), 563-569. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(00)00073-9
  • Bond, E. J., & Monro, H. A. U. (1984). Manual of fumigation for insect control (Vol. 54). Rome, Italy: FAO. Buselli, R., Corsi, M., Baldanzi, S., Chiumiento, M., Del Lupo, E., Dell’Oste, V., Bertelloni, C. A., Massimetti, G., Dell’Osso, L., Cristaudo, A., & Carmassi, C. (2020). Professional quality of life and mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to Sars-Cov-2 (Covid-19). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 6180. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176180
  • Busu, M., & Trica, C. L. (2019). Sustainability of circular economy indicators and their impact on economic growth of the European Union. Sustainability, 11(19), 5481. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195481
  • Cemek, B., Ünlükara, A., Kurunç, A., & Küçüktopcu, E. (2020). Leaf area modeling of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) grown under different stress conditions by soft computing approaches. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 174, 105514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2020.105514
  • Creasy, S., & Hartsell, P. (1999). Fumigation to control two species of stored-product insects-Indianmeal moth and warehouse beetle. Internal Report, California Dried Fruit Association, Fresno, California.
  • Delpage, M. J. (2020). Further legal protection for the stratospheric ozone layer: Focusing on the global use exemptions of methyl bromide. Waikato Law Review, 28, 88.
  • Dhulipalla, H., Kommineni, H. K., Archana, V., Devaraj, L., & Syed, I. (2023). Storage and quality degradation of dried herbs, spices, and medicinal plants. In C.L., Hii & S.S., Shirkole (Eds.), Drying of Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants (pp. 99-124). CRC Press.
  • Fields, P. G., & White, N. D. (2002). Alternatives to methyl bromide treatments for stored product and quarantine insects. Annual Review of Entomology, 47, 331-359. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145217
  • Gareau, B. J. (2010). A critical review of the successful CFC phase-out versus the delayed methyl bromide phase-out in the Montreal Protocol. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 10, 209-231.
  • Hasan, M. M., Aikins, M. J., Schilling, M. W., & Phillips, T. W. (2021). Sulfuryl fluoride as a methyl bromide alternative for fumigation of Necrobia rufipes (Coleoptera: Cleridae) and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae), major pests of animal-based stored products. Journal of Stored Products Research, 91, 101769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2021.101769
  • Isikber, A. A., Navarro, S., Finkelman, S., Rindner, M., & Dias, R. (2006). Propylene oxide as a potential quarantine fumigant for insect disinfestation of nuts. Proceedings of the 9th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection. Campinas, Sao Paolo, Brazil (pp. 15-18).
  • Isikber, A. A., Navarro, S., Finkelman, S., Rindner, M., Azrieli, A., & Dias, R. (2001). Toxicity of propylene oxide in combination with vacuum or CO2 to Tribolium castaneum. Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions, San Diego, CA, USA.
  • Isikber, A. A., Oztekin, S., Dayisoylu, K. S., & Duman, A. D. (2012). Propylene oxide as potential quarantine fumigant for insect disinfestation of dried figs. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products, Antalya, Turkey.
  • Isikber, A. A., Tunaz, H. C., Athanassiou, G., Bilgili, Y., & Er, M. K. (2017). Toxicity of propylene oxide alone and in combination with low pressure or carbon dioxide against life stages of Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) under laboratory conditions. Crop Protection, 98, 56-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2017.01.015
  • Küçüktopcu, Y. (2023). Bazı bitki ekstraktları ve inert tozların Trogoderma granarium Everts (Col.:Dermestidae) ve Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Lep.:Pyralidae) üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi [Doktora tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Liu, Y. B., Oh, S., Yang, X., Jayas, D. S., & Jian, F. (2021). Nitric oxide fumigation for postharvest control of pests and pathogens. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products (CAF2020). CAF Permanent Committee Secretariat, Winnipeg. Canada (pp. 288-295).
  • Maille, J. M., Schilling, M. W., & Phillips, T. W. (2023). Efficacy of the fumigants propylene oxide and ethyl formate to control two pest species of Dry-Cured Hams. Insects, 14(6), 511. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14060511
  • Meylan, W., Papa, L., De Rosa, C., & Stara, J. (1986). Chemical of current interest propylene oxide: health and environmental effects profile. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 2(3), 219-260. https://doi.org/10.1177/074823378600200304
  • Mohandass, S., Arthur, F. H., Zhu, K. Y., & Throne, J. E. (2007). Biology and management of Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in stored products. Journal of Stored Products Research, 43(3), 302-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2006.08.002
  • Myers, S. W., Ghimire, M. N., Arthur, F. H., & Phillips, T. W. (2021). A combination of sulfuryl fluoride and propylene oxide treatment for Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 114(4), 1489-1495. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab124
  • Nansen, C., & Phillips, T. W. (2004). Attractancy and toxicity of an attracticide for Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 97(2), 703-710. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/97.2.703
  • Navarro, H., & Navarro, S. (2016). Comparative practical application of two novel candidate fumigants. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products (CAF2016), Winnipeg, Canada.
  • Navarro, S., Isikber, A. A., Finkelman, S., Rindner, M., Azrieli, A., & Dias, R. (2004). Effectiveness of short exposures of propylene oxide alone and in combination with low pressure or carbon dioxide against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 40(2), 197-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-474X(02)00097-8
  • Nunez, E., Steyerberg, E. W., & Nunez, J. (2011). Regression modeling strategies. Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition). 64(6), 501-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2011.01.017
  • Park, M. G., Lee, B. H., Yang, J. O., Kim, B. S., Roh, G. H., Kendra, P. E., & Cha, D. H. (2021). Ethyl formate as a methyl bromide alternative for fumigation of citrus: Efficacy, fruit quality, and workplace safety. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114(6), 2290-2296. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab175
  • Phillips, T. W., Berberet, R. C., & Cuperus, G. W. (2000). Post-harvest integrated pest management. In Francis (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Food Science and Technology (2nd ed) (pp. 2690-2701) Wiley, New York.
  • Rajendran, S. (2001). Alternatives to methyl bromide as fumigants for stored food commodities. Pesticide Outlook, 12(6), 249-253.
  • Rajendran, S., & Sriranjini, V. (2008). Plant products as fumigants for stored-product insect control. Journal of Stored Products Research, 44(2), 126-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2007.08.003
  • Razazzian, S., Hassani, M. R., Imani, S., & Shojai, M. (2015). Life table parameters of Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on four commercial pistachio cultivars. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 18(1), 55-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2014.12.002
  • Tripathi, A. K. (2018). Pests of stored grains. In Omkar (Ed.) Pests and their management (pp. 311-360). Springer.
  • Wesley, F., Rurke, B., & Darbishire, O. (1965). The formation of persistent toxic chlorohydrins in food by fumigation with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Journal Food SciENCE, 30(6), 1037–1042.
  • Wright, E. J. (2003). Carbonyl sulfide (COS) as a fumigant for stored products: progress in research and commercialisation. In Wright, E. J., Webb, M.C., Hıghley, E., et al. Proceedings of the Australian Postharvest Technical Conference. Canberra: Stored Grain in Australia, 25–27 June 2003 (pp. 224-229).
  • Zettler, J. L., Hartsell, P. L., Allred, D. B., Muhareb, J. S., Hurley, J. M., & Gill, R. F. (2003). Sorption and insect toxicity of propylene oxide in dried fruits and nuts. Proceedings of the 8th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, York, UK, 22-26 July 2002 (pp. 921-924). CABI Publishing.
  • Zettler, J. L., Leesch, J. G., Gill, R. F., Tebbets, J. G. (1998). Chemical alternatives for methyl bromide and phosphine treatments for dried fruits and nuts. In Proceedings of The Seventh International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, Beijing, China (pp. 554-561).
  • Zhao, C., Guo, Y., Yuan, J., Wu, M., Li, D., Zhou, Y., & Kang, J. (2018). ESG and corporate financial performance: Empirical evidence from China’s listed power generation companies. Sustainability, 10(8), 2607. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082607

Propilen Oksit Fumigasyonunun Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Ölümleri Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 117 - 131, 29.04.2024

Yeter Küçüktopcu Ali Arda Isıkber

https://doi.org/10.24180/ijaws.1393400

Abstract

Bu çalışma 2014-2015 yıllarında Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bitki Koruma Bölüöü Entomoloji Labaratuvarı’nda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)'nın etkin kontrolü için metil bromüre (MeBr) alternatif bir fumigant olarak propilen oksidin (PPO) uygulanabilirliğini değerlendirmek ve farklı regresyon teknikleri kullanarak P. interpunctella böceklerinin ölüm oranlarını modellemektir. Yapılan çalışmada; PPO'nun biyolojik etkinliği, kısa maruz kalma süresi (4 saat) altında üç farklı koşulda test edilmiştir: normal atmosferik basınçta (yalnızca PPO), düşük basınçta (PPO+vakum) ve karbon dioksit (CO2) ile zenginleştirilmiş bir atmosferde (PPO+CO2). PPO'ya yönelik tüm uygulamalarda, PPO; farklı hacim aralıklarına sahip farklı mikro şırıngalar kullanılarak yedi veya daha fazla konsantrasyonda doğrudan fümigasyon çemberine uygulanmıştır: sırasıyla yumurtalar için 2.5-25 µl l-1, larvalar için 1.5-45 µl l-1, pupalar için 1.5-30 µl l-1 ve erginler için 0.5-15 µl l-1. Elde edilen sonuçlar, tek başına PPO, PPO+vakum ve PPO+CO2 uygulamalarının sırasıyla yumurtalarda 25 µl l-1, 20 µl l-1 ve 20 µl l-1 konsantrasyonlarında; larvalarda 45 µl l-1, 30 µl l-1 ve 40 µl l-1 konsantrasyonlarında; pupalarda 30 µl l-1, 15 µl l-1 ve 25 µl l-1 konsantrasyonlarında; ve erginlerde 15 µl l-1, 10 µl l-1 ve 10 µl l-1 konsantrasyonlarında %100 ölüm sağladığını göstermektedir. Böcek ölümleri için geliştirilen regresyon modelleri, genellikle üstel ve üçüncü dereceden polinom fonksiyonlarıyla tanımlandığında daha iyi bir uyum gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Özetle, yapılan bu çalışma PPO uygulamalarının hızlı böcek kontrolünde özellikle Kuru meyve güvesinde umut vadeden bir potansiyel olduğunu ve karantina amaçları için büyük öneme sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

Fumigant kuru incir kuru meyve güvesi modelleme ölüm orani

Supporting Institution

KSU Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Yönetim Birimi

Project Number

No:2012/5-5YLS

References

  • Alexopoulos, E. C. (2010). Introduction to multivariate regression analysis. Hippokratia, 14(1), 23-28. Bell, C. H. (2000). Fumigation in the 21st century. Crop Protection, 19(8-10), 563-569. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(00)00073-9
  • Bond, E. J., & Monro, H. A. U. (1984). Manual of fumigation for insect control (Vol. 54). Rome, Italy: FAO. Buselli, R., Corsi, M., Baldanzi, S., Chiumiento, M., Del Lupo, E., Dell’Oste, V., Bertelloni, C. A., Massimetti, G., Dell’Osso, L., Cristaudo, A., & Carmassi, C. (2020). Professional quality of life and mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to Sars-Cov-2 (Covid-19). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 6180. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176180
  • Busu, M., & Trica, C. L. (2019). Sustainability of circular economy indicators and their impact on economic growth of the European Union. Sustainability, 11(19), 5481. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195481
  • Cemek, B., Ünlükara, A., Kurunç, A., & Küçüktopcu, E. (2020). Leaf area modeling of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) grown under different stress conditions by soft computing approaches. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 174, 105514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2020.105514
  • Creasy, S., & Hartsell, P. (1999). Fumigation to control two species of stored-product insects-Indianmeal moth and warehouse beetle. Internal Report, California Dried Fruit Association, Fresno, California.
  • Delpage, M. J. (2020). Further legal protection for the stratospheric ozone layer: Focusing on the global use exemptions of methyl bromide. Waikato Law Review, 28, 88.
  • Dhulipalla, H., Kommineni, H. K., Archana, V., Devaraj, L., & Syed, I. (2023). Storage and quality degradation of dried herbs, spices, and medicinal plants. In C.L., Hii & S.S., Shirkole (Eds.), Drying of Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants (pp. 99-124). CRC Press.
  • Fields, P. G., & White, N. D. (2002). Alternatives to methyl bromide treatments for stored product and quarantine insects. Annual Review of Entomology, 47, 331-359. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145217
  • Gareau, B. J. (2010). A critical review of the successful CFC phase-out versus the delayed methyl bromide phase-out in the Montreal Protocol. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 10, 209-231.
  • Hasan, M. M., Aikins, M. J., Schilling, M. W., & Phillips, T. W. (2021). Sulfuryl fluoride as a methyl bromide alternative for fumigation of Necrobia rufipes (Coleoptera: Cleridae) and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae), major pests of animal-based stored products. Journal of Stored Products Research, 91, 101769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2021.101769
  • Isikber, A. A., Navarro, S., Finkelman, S., Rindner, M., & Dias, R. (2006). Propylene oxide as a potential quarantine fumigant for insect disinfestation of nuts. Proceedings of the 9th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection. Campinas, Sao Paolo, Brazil (pp. 15-18).
  • Isikber, A. A., Navarro, S., Finkelman, S., Rindner, M., Azrieli, A., & Dias, R. (2001). Toxicity of propylene oxide in combination with vacuum or CO2 to Tribolium castaneum. Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions, San Diego, CA, USA.
  • Isikber, A. A., Oztekin, S., Dayisoylu, K. S., & Duman, A. D. (2012). Propylene oxide as potential quarantine fumigant for insect disinfestation of dried figs. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products, Antalya, Turkey.
  • Isikber, A. A., Tunaz, H. C., Athanassiou, G., Bilgili, Y., & Er, M. K. (2017). Toxicity of propylene oxide alone and in combination with low pressure or carbon dioxide against life stages of Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) under laboratory conditions. Crop Protection, 98, 56-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2017.01.015
  • Küçüktopcu, Y. (2023). Bazı bitki ekstraktları ve inert tozların Trogoderma granarium Everts (Col.:Dermestidae) ve Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Lep.:Pyralidae) üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi [Doktora tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Liu, Y. B., Oh, S., Yang, X., Jayas, D. S., & Jian, F. (2021). Nitric oxide fumigation for postharvest control of pests and pathogens. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products (CAF2020). CAF Permanent Committee Secretariat, Winnipeg. Canada (pp. 288-295).
  • Maille, J. M., Schilling, M. W., & Phillips, T. W. (2023). Efficacy of the fumigants propylene oxide and ethyl formate to control two pest species of Dry-Cured Hams. Insects, 14(6), 511. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14060511
  • Meylan, W., Papa, L., De Rosa, C., & Stara, J. (1986). Chemical of current interest propylene oxide: health and environmental effects profile. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 2(3), 219-260. https://doi.org/10.1177/074823378600200304
  • Mohandass, S., Arthur, F. H., Zhu, K. Y., & Throne, J. E. (2007). Biology and management of Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in stored products. Journal of Stored Products Research, 43(3), 302-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2006.08.002
  • Myers, S. W., Ghimire, M. N., Arthur, F. H., & Phillips, T. W. (2021). A combination of sulfuryl fluoride and propylene oxide treatment for Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 114(4), 1489-1495. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab124
  • Nansen, C., & Phillips, T. W. (2004). Attractancy and toxicity of an attracticide for Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 97(2), 703-710. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/97.2.703
  • Navarro, H., & Navarro, S. (2016). Comparative practical application of two novel candidate fumigants. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products (CAF2016), Winnipeg, Canada.
  • Navarro, S., Isikber, A. A., Finkelman, S., Rindner, M., Azrieli, A., & Dias, R. (2004). Effectiveness of short exposures of propylene oxide alone and in combination with low pressure or carbon dioxide against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 40(2), 197-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-474X(02)00097-8
  • Nunez, E., Steyerberg, E. W., & Nunez, J. (2011). Regression modeling strategies. Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition). 64(6), 501-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2011.01.017
  • Park, M. G., Lee, B. H., Yang, J. O., Kim, B. S., Roh, G. H., Kendra, P. E., & Cha, D. H. (2021). Ethyl formate as a methyl bromide alternative for fumigation of citrus: Efficacy, fruit quality, and workplace safety. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114(6), 2290-2296. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab175
  • Phillips, T. W., Berberet, R. C., & Cuperus, G. W. (2000). Post-harvest integrated pest management. In Francis (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Food Science and Technology (2nd ed) (pp. 2690-2701) Wiley, New York.
  • Rajendran, S. (2001). Alternatives to methyl bromide as fumigants for stored food commodities. Pesticide Outlook, 12(6), 249-253.
  • Rajendran, S., & Sriranjini, V. (2008). Plant products as fumigants for stored-product insect control. Journal of Stored Products Research, 44(2), 126-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2007.08.003
  • Razazzian, S., Hassani, M. R., Imani, S., & Shojai, M. (2015). Life table parameters of Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on four commercial pistachio cultivars. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 18(1), 55-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2014.12.002
  • Tripathi, A. K. (2018). Pests of stored grains. In Omkar (Ed.) Pests and their management (pp. 311-360). Springer.
  • Wesley, F., Rurke, B., & Darbishire, O. (1965). The formation of persistent toxic chlorohydrins in food by fumigation with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Journal Food SciENCE, 30(6), 1037–1042.
  • Wright, E. J. (2003). Carbonyl sulfide (COS) as a fumigant for stored products: progress in research and commercialisation. In Wright, E. J., Webb, M.C., Hıghley, E., et al. Proceedings of the Australian Postharvest Technical Conference. Canberra: Stored Grain in Australia, 25–27 June 2003 (pp. 224-229).
  • Zettler, J. L., Hartsell, P. L., Allred, D. B., Muhareb, J. S., Hurley, J. M., & Gill, R. F. (2003). Sorption and insect toxicity of propylene oxide in dried fruits and nuts. Proceedings of the 8th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, York, UK, 22-26 July 2002 (pp. 921-924). CABI Publishing.
  • Zettler, J. L., Leesch, J. G., Gill, R. F., Tebbets, J. G. (1998). Chemical alternatives for methyl bromide and phosphine treatments for dried fruits and nuts. In Proceedings of The Seventh International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, Beijing, China (pp. 554-561).
  • Zhao, C., Guo, Y., Yuan, J., Wu, M., Li, D., Zhou, Y., & Kang, J. (2018). ESG and corporate financial performance: Empirical evidence from China’s listed power generation companies. Sustainability, 10(8), 2607. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082607
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Entomology in Agriculture
Journal Section Plant Protection
Authors

Yeter Küçüktopcu 0000-0002-2104-5764

Ali Arda Isıkber 0000-0003-1213-3532

Project Number No:2012/5-5YLS
Early Pub Date April 26, 2024
Publication Date April 29, 2024
Submission Date November 23, 2023
Acceptance Date March 6, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Küçüktopcu, Y., & Isıkber, A. A. (2024). The Effects of Propylene oxide Fumigation on the Mortality of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Uluslararası Tarım Ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(1), 117-131. https://doi.org/10.24180/ijaws.1393400
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