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Wagner Kanunu’nun TürkiyeEkonomisi için Sınanması: ÇeşitliZaman Serisi Bulguları

Year 2017, Issue: 625, 75 - 89, 01.03.2017

Abstract

Bu çalışma, çeşitli zaman serisi yöntemleri kullanarak Türkiye’de Wagner Kanunu’nun geçerliliğini sınamaktadır. Wagner Kanunu, basit olarak, ekonomi büyüdükçe kamu harcamalarının artma eğiliminde olduğunu öne sürmektedir. Bu amaçla, çalışmada Türkiye ekonomisinin 1960-2015 dönemine ilişkin bazı ekonometrik bulgulara yer verilmektedir. Johansen eşbütünleşme testi ve ARDL sınır testinden elde edilen sonuçlar kamu harcamalarıyla ekonomik büyüme arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişki bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışma ayrıca yapısal kırılmaları da göz önünde bulundurarak FMOLS ve DOLS tahmin sonuçlarını sunmaktadır. Uygulanan tüm analizlerden elde edilen bulgular birbirleriyle tutarlı olup, Wagner Kanunu’nun Türkiye ekonomisi için geçerli olduğunu göstermektedir.

References

  • ATASOY, Burak Sencer ve Timur Han GÜR; (2016), “Does the Wagner’s Hypothesis Hold for China? Evidence from Static and Dynamic Analyses”, Panoeconomicus, 2016, 63(1), pp. 45-60.
  • BABATUNDE, M. Adetunji; (2011), “A Bound Testing Analysis of Wagner’s Law in Nigeria: 1970–2006”, Applied Economics, 43(21), pp. 2843-2850
  • BAĞDİGEN, Muhlis and Hakan ÇETİNTAŞ; (2003), “Causality between Public Expenditure and Economic Growth: The Turkish Case”, Journal of Economic and Social Research, 6(1), pp. 1-18.
  • BAIRAM, Erkin I.; (1995), “Level of Aggregation, Variable Elasticity and Wagner’s Law”, Economics Letters, 48, pp. 341-344
  • BARRA, Cristian; Giovanna BIMONTE and Pietro SPENNATI; (2015), “Did Fiscal Institutions Affect Wagner’s Law in Italy during 1951–2009 Period? An Empirical Analysis”, Applied Economics, 47(59), pp. 6409-6424.
  • BAŞAR, Selim; Hayati AKSU; M. Sinan Temurlenk ve Özgür POLAT; (2009), “Türkiye’de Kamu Harcamaları ve Büyüme İlişkisi: Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı”, Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(1), ss. 301-314.
  • BURNEY, Nadeem A.; (2002), “Wagner’s Hypothesis: Evidence from Kuwait Using Cointegration Tests”, Applied Economics, 34(1), pp. 49-57.
  • CHANG, Tsangyao; (2002), “An Econometric Test of Wagner’s Law for Six Countries Based on Cointegration and Error-Correction Modelling Techniques”, Applied Economics, 34(9), pp. 1157-1169.
  • CHEN, Shyh-Wei and Chung-Hua SHEN; (2015), “Revisiting the Feldstein–Horioka Puzzle with Regime Switching: New Evidence from European Countries”, Economic Modelling, 49, pp. 260-269.
  • CHLETSOS, Michael and Christos KOLLIAS; (1997), “Testing Wagner’s Law Using Disaggregated Public Expenditure Data in the Case of Greece: 1958-93”, Applied Economics, 29(3), pp. 371-377.
  • COURAKIS, Anthnoy S.; Fatima MOURA-ROGUE and George TRIDIMAS; (1993), “Public Expenditure Growth in Greece and Portugal: Wagner’s Law and Beyond”, Applied Economics, 25(1), pp. 125-134.
  • ÇAVUŞOĞLU, A. Tarkan; (2005), “Testing the Validity of Wagner’s Law in Turkey: The Bounds Testing Approach”, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 60(1), pp. 73-87.
  • DRITSAKIS, Nikolas; (2011), “Demand for Money in Hungary: An ARDL approach”, Review of Economics and Finance, 5, pp. 1-28.
  • ENGLE, Robert, F. and Clive William John GRANGER; (1987), “Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing”, Econometrica, 55(2), pp. 251-276.
  • FLORIO, Massimo and Sara COLAUTTI; (2005), “A Logistic Growth Theory of Public Expenditures: A Study of Five Countries over 100 Years”, Public Choice, 122, pp. 355-393.
  • FULLER, Wayne A.; (1976), Introduction to Statistical Time Series, Wiley, NewYork. GACANER, Aydanur; (2005), “Türkiye Açısından Wagner Kanunu’nun Geçerliliğinin Analizi” D.E.Ü.İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 20(1), ss.103-122.
  • GOFFMAN, Irving J.; (1968), “On the Empirical Testing of Wagner’s Law: A Technical Note”, Public Finance, 23, pp. 359-366.
  • GRANGER, Clive William John, and Paul NEWBOLD; (1974), “Spurious Regressions in Econometrics”, Journal of Econometrics, 2, pp. 111-120.
  • GREENE, William, H.; (2007), Econometric Analysis, Prentice Hall, 6th Edition, New Jersey.
  • GREGORY, Allen W. and Bruce E. HANSEN; (1996), “Residual-Based Test for Cointegration in Models with Regime Shifts”, Journal of Econometrics, 70(1), pp. 99-126.
  • GUPTA, Shibshankar P.; (1967), “Public Expenditure and Economic Growth: A Time-Series Analysis”, Public Finance, 26, pp. 423-66.
  • HALICIOĞLU, Ferda; (2003), “Testing Wagner’s Law for Turkey, 1960-2000”, Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, 1(2), pp. 129-140.
  • HENREKSON, Magnus; (1993), “Wagner’s Law: A Spurious Relationship?”, Public Finance, 48(2), pp. 406-415.
  • HJALMARSSON, Erik and Par ÖSTERHOLM; (2007), “Testing for Cointegration Using the Johansen Methodology When Variables are Near-Integrated”, IMF Working Paper, 141, pp. 1-19.
  • HUANG, Chiung-Ju; (2006), “Government Expenditures in China and Taiwan: Do They Follow Wagner’s Law?”, Journal of Economic Development, 31(2), pp. 139-148.
  • ISLAM, Anisul M. ,(2001); Wagner’s Law Revisited: Cointegration and Exogeneity Tests for the USA, Applied Economics Letters, 8(8), pp. 509-515.
  • IŞIK, Nihat ve Mehmet ALAGÖZ; (2005), “Kamu Harcamaları ve Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki”, Erciyes Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 24(1), ss. 63-75.
  • JOHANSEN, Soren and Katarina JUSELIUS; (1990), “Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on CointegrationWith Applications to the Demand for Money”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52(2), pp. 169-210.
  • JOHANSEN, Soren, (1988), “Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors”, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2-3), pp. 231-254.
  • JOHANSEN, Soren; (1995), Likelihood-Based Inference in Cointegrated Vector Autoregressive Models, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • KARAGÖL, Erdal; Erman ERBAYKAL ve Murat H. ERTUĞRUL; (2007), “Türkiye’de Ekonomik Büyüme ile Elektrik Tüketimi İlişkisi: Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 8(1), ss. 72-80.
  • KHALIL, Saed and Dombrecth, MICHAE; (2011), “The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach to Co-integration Testing: Application to OPT Inflation”, Palestine Monetary Authority Working Paper, pp.1-11.
  • KOLLURI, Bharat R.; Michael J. PANIK and Mahmoud S. WAHAB; (2000), “Government Expenditure and Economic Growth: Evidence from G7 Countries”, Applied Economics, 32(8), pp. 1059-1068.
  • KORKMAZ, Turan, Emrah İ. ÇEVİK ve Nüket Kırcı ÇEVİK; (2013), “Satın Alma Gücü Paritesinin Azerbaycan, Kazakistan ve Kırgızistan için Geçerliliği: Birim Kök ve Eşbütünleşme Analizi”, Bilig, (64), ss. 259-284.
  • KUMAR, Saten, Don J. WEBBER and Scott FARGHER; (2012), “Wagner’s Law Revisited: Cointegration and Causality Tests for New Zealand”, Applied Economics, 44(5), pp. 607-616.
  • MANN, Arthur J.; (1980), “Wagner’s Law: An Econometric Test for Mexico, 1925-1976”, National Tax Journal, 33, pp. 189-201.
  • MOHAMMADI, Hassan; Murat CAK and Demet CAK; (2008), “Wagner Hhypothesis: New Evidence from Turkey Using the Bound Testing Approach”, Journal of Economic Studies, 35(1), pp. 94-06.
  • MUSGRAVE, R. A.; (1969), Fiscal Systems, New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  • OKTAYER, Asuman; (2011), “Türkiye’de Ekonomik Büyüme ve Kamu Harcamaları Arasındaki İlişkinin Ampirik Analizi: 1950– 2009”, İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 61(1), ss. 261-282.
  • PANOPOULOU, Ekaterini and Nikitas PITTIS; (2004), “A Composition of Autoregressive Distributed Lag and Dynamic OLS Cointegration Estimators in the Case of Serially Correlated Cointegarion Error”, Econometrics Journal, 7(2), pp. 585-617.
  • PEACOCK, Alan T and Jack WISEMAN; (1961), The Growth of Public Expenditure in the United Kingdom, Princeton, Princeton University Press.
  • PESARAN, M. Hashem and Yongcheol SHIN; (1999), “An Autoregressive Distributed-Lag Modeling Approach to Cointegration Analysis”, Steinar Strom (Ed.), Econometrics and Economic Theory in the 20th Century: The Ragnar Frisch Centennial Symposium, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • PESARAN, M. Hashem; Yongcheol SHIN, and Richard J. SMITH; (2001), “Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), pp. 289-326.
  • PHILLIPS, Peter; Bruce HANSEN; (1990), “Statistical Inference in Instrumental Variables Regression with I(1) Processes”, Review of Economic Studies, 57(1), pp. 99-125.
  • RAM, Rati; (1987), “Wagner’s Hypothesis in Time-Series and Cross-Section Perspectives: Evidence from “Real” Data for 115 Countries”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 69, pp. 194- 204.
  • SADEGHI, Amin and G. RAMAKRİSHNA; (2014), “An Empirical Analysis of Imports of Iran: A Gregory Hansen Method of Cointegration”, American Journal of Business, Economics and Management, 2(4), pp. 105-112.
  • SAIKKONEN, Pentti; (1991), “Asymptotically Efficient Estimation of Cointegration Regressions”, Econometric Theory, 7(1), pp. 1-21.
  • SELEN, Ufuk ve Kadir ERYİĞİT; (2009), “Yapısal Kırılmaların Varlığında, Wagner Kanunu Türkiye için Geçerli mi?”, Maliye Dergisi, 156, ss.177-198.
  • STOCK, James H. and Mark W. WATSON, (1993), “A Simple Estimator of Cointegrating Vectors in Higher Order Integrated Systems”, Econometrica, 61(4), pp. 783-820.
  • TAŞSEVEN, Özlem; (2011), “The Wagner’s Law: Time Series Evidence for Turkey”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 12(2), pp. 304-316
  • TERZİ, Harun; (1998), “Kamu Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Kalkınma İlişkisi Üzerine Ekonometrik Bir İnceleme”, İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 142, ss. 67-80.
  • WAGNER, Adolph.; (1883, 1890), “Finanzwissenschaft (2nd and 3rd ed.)”, partly reprinted in Classic in the Theory of Public Finance, (Eds) R. A. Musgrave and A. T. Peacock, MacMillan, London (1958).
  • YAMAK, Rahmi ve Ahmet ZENGİN; (1997), “Kalman Filtre Yöntemi ve Wagner Yasası: Türkiye Örneği, 1950-1994”, İktisat, İşletme ve Finans, 133, ss. 32-42.
  • ZIRAMBA, Emmanuel; (2008), “Wagner’s Law: An Econometric Test for South Africa, 1960-2006”, South African Journal of Economics, 76(4), pp. 596-606.

Testing the Wagner's Law for Turkish Economy: Some Findings from Time Series Data

Year 2017, Issue: 625, 75 - 89, 01.03.2017

Abstract

This study tests the validity of Wagner’s Law in Turkey by employing several time series methods. Wagner’s Law basicly suggests that government spendings tend to increase as the economy grows. For this purpose, the study presents some econometric findings from Turkish economy for the 1960-2015 period. The results obtained via the Johansen cointegration test and ARDL bounds test indicate that there exists a long-run relationship between government expenditure and economic growth. The study also presents FMOLS and DOLS estimation results considering the structural breaks. The findings from all the analyses of the study are consistent with each other and reveal that Wagner’s Law is valid for Turkish economy

References

  • ATASOY, Burak Sencer ve Timur Han GÜR; (2016), “Does the Wagner’s Hypothesis Hold for China? Evidence from Static and Dynamic Analyses”, Panoeconomicus, 2016, 63(1), pp. 45-60.
  • BABATUNDE, M. Adetunji; (2011), “A Bound Testing Analysis of Wagner’s Law in Nigeria: 1970–2006”, Applied Economics, 43(21), pp. 2843-2850
  • BAĞDİGEN, Muhlis and Hakan ÇETİNTAŞ; (2003), “Causality between Public Expenditure and Economic Growth: The Turkish Case”, Journal of Economic and Social Research, 6(1), pp. 1-18.
  • BAIRAM, Erkin I.; (1995), “Level of Aggregation, Variable Elasticity and Wagner’s Law”, Economics Letters, 48, pp. 341-344
  • BARRA, Cristian; Giovanna BIMONTE and Pietro SPENNATI; (2015), “Did Fiscal Institutions Affect Wagner’s Law in Italy during 1951–2009 Period? An Empirical Analysis”, Applied Economics, 47(59), pp. 6409-6424.
  • BAŞAR, Selim; Hayati AKSU; M. Sinan Temurlenk ve Özgür POLAT; (2009), “Türkiye’de Kamu Harcamaları ve Büyüme İlişkisi: Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı”, Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(1), ss. 301-314.
  • BURNEY, Nadeem A.; (2002), “Wagner’s Hypothesis: Evidence from Kuwait Using Cointegration Tests”, Applied Economics, 34(1), pp. 49-57.
  • CHANG, Tsangyao; (2002), “An Econometric Test of Wagner’s Law for Six Countries Based on Cointegration and Error-Correction Modelling Techniques”, Applied Economics, 34(9), pp. 1157-1169.
  • CHEN, Shyh-Wei and Chung-Hua SHEN; (2015), “Revisiting the Feldstein–Horioka Puzzle with Regime Switching: New Evidence from European Countries”, Economic Modelling, 49, pp. 260-269.
  • CHLETSOS, Michael and Christos KOLLIAS; (1997), “Testing Wagner’s Law Using Disaggregated Public Expenditure Data in the Case of Greece: 1958-93”, Applied Economics, 29(3), pp. 371-377.
  • COURAKIS, Anthnoy S.; Fatima MOURA-ROGUE and George TRIDIMAS; (1993), “Public Expenditure Growth in Greece and Portugal: Wagner’s Law and Beyond”, Applied Economics, 25(1), pp. 125-134.
  • ÇAVUŞOĞLU, A. Tarkan; (2005), “Testing the Validity of Wagner’s Law in Turkey: The Bounds Testing Approach”, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 60(1), pp. 73-87.
  • DRITSAKIS, Nikolas; (2011), “Demand for Money in Hungary: An ARDL approach”, Review of Economics and Finance, 5, pp. 1-28.
  • ENGLE, Robert, F. and Clive William John GRANGER; (1987), “Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing”, Econometrica, 55(2), pp. 251-276.
  • FLORIO, Massimo and Sara COLAUTTI; (2005), “A Logistic Growth Theory of Public Expenditures: A Study of Five Countries over 100 Years”, Public Choice, 122, pp. 355-393.
  • FULLER, Wayne A.; (1976), Introduction to Statistical Time Series, Wiley, NewYork. GACANER, Aydanur; (2005), “Türkiye Açısından Wagner Kanunu’nun Geçerliliğinin Analizi” D.E.Ü.İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 20(1), ss.103-122.
  • GOFFMAN, Irving J.; (1968), “On the Empirical Testing of Wagner’s Law: A Technical Note”, Public Finance, 23, pp. 359-366.
  • GRANGER, Clive William John, and Paul NEWBOLD; (1974), “Spurious Regressions in Econometrics”, Journal of Econometrics, 2, pp. 111-120.
  • GREENE, William, H.; (2007), Econometric Analysis, Prentice Hall, 6th Edition, New Jersey.
  • GREGORY, Allen W. and Bruce E. HANSEN; (1996), “Residual-Based Test for Cointegration in Models with Regime Shifts”, Journal of Econometrics, 70(1), pp. 99-126.
  • GUPTA, Shibshankar P.; (1967), “Public Expenditure and Economic Growth: A Time-Series Analysis”, Public Finance, 26, pp. 423-66.
  • HALICIOĞLU, Ferda; (2003), “Testing Wagner’s Law for Turkey, 1960-2000”, Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, 1(2), pp. 129-140.
  • HENREKSON, Magnus; (1993), “Wagner’s Law: A Spurious Relationship?”, Public Finance, 48(2), pp. 406-415.
  • HJALMARSSON, Erik and Par ÖSTERHOLM; (2007), “Testing for Cointegration Using the Johansen Methodology When Variables are Near-Integrated”, IMF Working Paper, 141, pp. 1-19.
  • HUANG, Chiung-Ju; (2006), “Government Expenditures in China and Taiwan: Do They Follow Wagner’s Law?”, Journal of Economic Development, 31(2), pp. 139-148.
  • ISLAM, Anisul M. ,(2001); Wagner’s Law Revisited: Cointegration and Exogeneity Tests for the USA, Applied Economics Letters, 8(8), pp. 509-515.
  • IŞIK, Nihat ve Mehmet ALAGÖZ; (2005), “Kamu Harcamaları ve Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki”, Erciyes Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 24(1), ss. 63-75.
  • JOHANSEN, Soren and Katarina JUSELIUS; (1990), “Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on CointegrationWith Applications to the Demand for Money”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52(2), pp. 169-210.
  • JOHANSEN, Soren, (1988), “Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors”, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2-3), pp. 231-254.
  • JOHANSEN, Soren; (1995), Likelihood-Based Inference in Cointegrated Vector Autoregressive Models, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • KARAGÖL, Erdal; Erman ERBAYKAL ve Murat H. ERTUĞRUL; (2007), “Türkiye’de Ekonomik Büyüme ile Elektrik Tüketimi İlişkisi: Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 8(1), ss. 72-80.
  • KHALIL, Saed and Dombrecth, MICHAE; (2011), “The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach to Co-integration Testing: Application to OPT Inflation”, Palestine Monetary Authority Working Paper, pp.1-11.
  • KOLLURI, Bharat R.; Michael J. PANIK and Mahmoud S. WAHAB; (2000), “Government Expenditure and Economic Growth: Evidence from G7 Countries”, Applied Economics, 32(8), pp. 1059-1068.
  • KORKMAZ, Turan, Emrah İ. ÇEVİK ve Nüket Kırcı ÇEVİK; (2013), “Satın Alma Gücü Paritesinin Azerbaycan, Kazakistan ve Kırgızistan için Geçerliliği: Birim Kök ve Eşbütünleşme Analizi”, Bilig, (64), ss. 259-284.
  • KUMAR, Saten, Don J. WEBBER and Scott FARGHER; (2012), “Wagner’s Law Revisited: Cointegration and Causality Tests for New Zealand”, Applied Economics, 44(5), pp. 607-616.
  • MANN, Arthur J.; (1980), “Wagner’s Law: An Econometric Test for Mexico, 1925-1976”, National Tax Journal, 33, pp. 189-201.
  • MOHAMMADI, Hassan; Murat CAK and Demet CAK; (2008), “Wagner Hhypothesis: New Evidence from Turkey Using the Bound Testing Approach”, Journal of Economic Studies, 35(1), pp. 94-06.
  • MUSGRAVE, R. A.; (1969), Fiscal Systems, New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  • OKTAYER, Asuman; (2011), “Türkiye’de Ekonomik Büyüme ve Kamu Harcamaları Arasındaki İlişkinin Ampirik Analizi: 1950– 2009”, İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 61(1), ss. 261-282.
  • PANOPOULOU, Ekaterini and Nikitas PITTIS; (2004), “A Composition of Autoregressive Distributed Lag and Dynamic OLS Cointegration Estimators in the Case of Serially Correlated Cointegarion Error”, Econometrics Journal, 7(2), pp. 585-617.
  • PEACOCK, Alan T and Jack WISEMAN; (1961), The Growth of Public Expenditure in the United Kingdom, Princeton, Princeton University Press.
  • PESARAN, M. Hashem and Yongcheol SHIN; (1999), “An Autoregressive Distributed-Lag Modeling Approach to Cointegration Analysis”, Steinar Strom (Ed.), Econometrics and Economic Theory in the 20th Century: The Ragnar Frisch Centennial Symposium, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • PESARAN, M. Hashem; Yongcheol SHIN, and Richard J. SMITH; (2001), “Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), pp. 289-326.
  • PHILLIPS, Peter; Bruce HANSEN; (1990), “Statistical Inference in Instrumental Variables Regression with I(1) Processes”, Review of Economic Studies, 57(1), pp. 99-125.
  • RAM, Rati; (1987), “Wagner’s Hypothesis in Time-Series and Cross-Section Perspectives: Evidence from “Real” Data for 115 Countries”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 69, pp. 194- 204.
  • SADEGHI, Amin and G. RAMAKRİSHNA; (2014), “An Empirical Analysis of Imports of Iran: A Gregory Hansen Method of Cointegration”, American Journal of Business, Economics and Management, 2(4), pp. 105-112.
  • SAIKKONEN, Pentti; (1991), “Asymptotically Efficient Estimation of Cointegration Regressions”, Econometric Theory, 7(1), pp. 1-21.
  • SELEN, Ufuk ve Kadir ERYİĞİT; (2009), “Yapısal Kırılmaların Varlığında, Wagner Kanunu Türkiye için Geçerli mi?”, Maliye Dergisi, 156, ss.177-198.
  • STOCK, James H. and Mark W. WATSON, (1993), “A Simple Estimator of Cointegrating Vectors in Higher Order Integrated Systems”, Econometrica, 61(4), pp. 783-820.
  • TAŞSEVEN, Özlem; (2011), “The Wagner’s Law: Time Series Evidence for Turkey”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 12(2), pp. 304-316
  • TERZİ, Harun; (1998), “Kamu Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Kalkınma İlişkisi Üzerine Ekonometrik Bir İnceleme”, İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 142, ss. 67-80.
  • WAGNER, Adolph.; (1883, 1890), “Finanzwissenschaft (2nd and 3rd ed.)”, partly reprinted in Classic in the Theory of Public Finance, (Eds) R. A. Musgrave and A. T. Peacock, MacMillan, London (1958).
  • YAMAK, Rahmi ve Ahmet ZENGİN; (1997), “Kalman Filtre Yöntemi ve Wagner Yasası: Türkiye Örneği, 1950-1994”, İktisat, İşletme ve Finans, 133, ss. 32-42.
  • ZIRAMBA, Emmanuel; (2008), “Wagner’s Law: An Econometric Test for South Africa, 1960-2006”, South African Journal of Economics, 76(4), pp. 596-606.
There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Raif Cergibozan

Emre Çevik This is me

Caner Demir

Publication Date March 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Issue: 625

Cite

APA Cergibozan, R., Çevik, E., & Demir, C. (2017). Wagner Kanunu’nun TürkiyeEkonomisi için Sınanması: ÇeşitliZaman Serisi Bulguları. Finans Politik Ve Ekonomik Yorumlar(625), 75-89.
AMA Cergibozan R, Çevik E, Demir C. Wagner Kanunu’nun TürkiyeEkonomisi için Sınanması: ÇeşitliZaman Serisi Bulguları. FPEYD. March 2017;(625):75-89.
Chicago Cergibozan, Raif, Emre Çevik, and Caner Demir. “Wagner Kanunu’nun TürkiyeEkonomisi için Sınanması: ÇeşitliZaman Serisi Bulguları”. Finans Politik Ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, no. 625 (March 2017): 75-89.
EndNote Cergibozan R, Çevik E, Demir C (March 1, 2017) Wagner Kanunu’nun TürkiyeEkonomisi için Sınanması: ÇeşitliZaman Serisi Bulguları. Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar 625 75–89.
IEEE R. Cergibozan, E. Çevik, and C. Demir, “Wagner Kanunu’nun TürkiyeEkonomisi için Sınanması: ÇeşitliZaman Serisi Bulguları”, FPEYD, no. 625, pp. 75–89, March 2017.
ISNAD Cergibozan, Raif et al. “Wagner Kanunu’nun TürkiyeEkonomisi için Sınanması: ÇeşitliZaman Serisi Bulguları”. Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar 625 (March 2017), 75-89.
JAMA Cergibozan R, Çevik E, Demir C. Wagner Kanunu’nun TürkiyeEkonomisi için Sınanması: ÇeşitliZaman Serisi Bulguları. FPEYD. 2017;:75–89.
MLA Cergibozan, Raif et al. “Wagner Kanunu’nun TürkiyeEkonomisi için Sınanması: ÇeşitliZaman Serisi Bulguları”. Finans Politik Ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, no. 625, 2017, pp. 75-89.
Vancouver Cergibozan R, Çevik E, Demir C. Wagner Kanunu’nun TürkiyeEkonomisi için Sınanması: ÇeşitliZaman Serisi Bulguları. FPEYD. 2017(625):75-89.