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Alternaria Mikotoksinleri ve Önemi

Year 2023, Volume: 37 Issue: 1, 195 - 219, 01.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.20479/bursauludagziraat.1111062

Abstract

Alternaria, dünyada yaygın olarak görülen önemli bir fungus cinsi olup Ascomycota bölümü,
Dothideomycetes sınıfı, Pleosporales takımı ve Pleosporaceae familyasında yer almaktadır. Alternaria cinsi
içerisinde, saprofitik, endofitik ve patojenik türler yer almaktadır. Patojen türler arasında ise bitki patojenleri,
hasat sonrası patojenler veya insan patojenleri de bulunmaktadır. Alternaria spp. alternariol (AOH), alternariol
monometil eter (AME), tenuazonik asit (TEA), altenuen (ALT) ve altertoksin (AT) gibi önemli bazı
mikotoksinleri üretmektedir. Mikotoksinler, insan besin zincirine çeşitli şekillerde girebilmekte, birçok farklı
gıda ve hayvan yemi ürününde bulunabilmektedir. Bu mikotoksinler, insanlar, memeliler ve diğer hayvanlar
tarafından ağız yoluyla alınırsa, mikotoksikoz adı verilen toksik bir tepkiye neden olabilmektedir. Birçoğunun
kanserojen olduğu bilinmektedir. Diğerlerinin de cilt hassasiyetinden immün yetmezliğe kadar değişen
nörotoksikolojik etkilerle birlikte karaciğer veya böbrek fonksiyonunun bozulması gibi insanlarda çeşitli farklı
tepkiler ortaya çıkardığı gösterilmiştir. Alternaria spp., özellikle su aktivitesi (aw), sıcaklık ve pH gibi abiyotik
faktörlerden etkilenmektedir. Literatürdeki çalışmalara göre bazı tahıl taneleri dahil sorgum, pamuk tohumu, domates ve soya fasulyesi gibi farklı substratlar fungusun çoğalması ve toksin üretimi ile ilişkilendirilmiştir.
Alternaria toksinlerinin incelenmesinde ELISA, sıvı kromatografi ve PCR temelli analizler en kullanışlı
yöntemler olarak görülmektedir. Bu derleme, Alternaria türlerinin önemini, ekolojilerini, mikotoksin üretimi ve
sıcakkanlılardaki etkileri ile mikotoksin analiz metotlarını içermektedir. Derleme özellikle, Alternaria türlerinin
oluşturdukları mikotoksinler hakkında genel bir bilgi sunmak ve önemine dikkat çekmek amacıyla
hazırlanmıştır.

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Alternaria Mycotoxins and Their Importance

Year 2023, Volume: 37 Issue: 1, 195 - 219, 01.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.20479/bursauludagziraat.1111062

Abstract

Alternaria, which are an important genus of fungi that are ubiquitous in the environment, belongs to
the Ascomycota division, Dothideomycetes class, Pleosporales order, and Pleosporaceae family. The Alternaria
genus includes saprophytic, endophytic, and pathogenic species, whereas the pathogenic species include plant,
post-harvest, and human pathogens. Alternaria spp. produce some important mycotoxins such as alternariol
(AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), tenuazonic acid (TEA), altenuene (ALT) ve altertoxin (AT). These
mycotoxins can gain access to the human food chain and exist in many different food products and forage. When
ingested orally by humans, mammalians, or other animals, these mycotoxins may cause mycotoxicosis, which is
a toxic reaction. Many of these mycotoxins are known to be carcinogenic, while some others are shown to
disrupt liver and kidney functions as well as have neurotoxicological effects ranging from skin hypersensitivity
reactions to immunologic deficiency syndromes. Alternaria spp. can get affected by abiotic factors such as water
activity (aw), temperature, and pH. In literature, many crops including sorghum, cotton, tomato, and soya beans,
have been related the conditions that result in fungi to reproducing and producing toxins. The most effective
methods established for analyzing the Alternaria toxins are ELISA, liquid chromatography, and PCR-based
methods. This review includes the importance of Alternaria spp., their ecologies, mycotoxin production and their
effect on the homeotherms, and the methods for analyzing mycotoxins. It is specifically aimed to highlighting
the importance and providing a general knowledge of producing mycotoxins that Alternaria spp.

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There are 126 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural Engineering (Other), Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section Review
Authors

Berna Tunalı 0000-0003-2798-0777

Yeter Küçüktopcu 0000-0002-2104-5764

Nazlı Tunalı 0000-0002-6293-8630

Songül Erken Meral 0000-0002-2183-3269

Seçil Eker 0000-0002-5409-6226

Bayram Kansu 0000-0001-5663-0528

Early Pub Date June 1, 2023
Publication Date June 1, 2023
Submission Date May 6, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 37 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Tunalı, B., Küçüktopcu, Y., Tunalı, N., Erken Meral, S., et al. (2023). Alternaria Mikotoksinleri ve Önemi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(1), 195-219. https://doi.org/10.20479/bursauludagziraat.1111062

TR Dizin kriterleri gereği dergimize gönderilecek olan makalelerin mutlaka aşağıda belirtilen hususlara uyması gerekmektedir.

Tüm bilim dallarında yapılan, ve etik kurul kararı gerektiren klinik ve deneysel insan ve hayvanlar üzerindeki çalışmalar için ayrı ayrı etik kurul onayı alınmış olmalı, bu onay makalede belirtilmeli ve belgelendirilmelidir.
Makalelerde Araştırma ve Yayın Etiğine uyulduğuna dair ifadeye yer verilmelidir.
Etik kurul izni gerektiren çalışmalarda, izinle ilgili bilgiler (kurul adı, tarih ve sayı no) yöntem bölümünde ve ayrıca makale ilk/son sayfasında yer verilmelidir.
Kullanılan fikir ve sanat eserleri için telif hakları düzenlemelerine riayet edilmesi gerekmektedir.
Makale sonunda; Araştırmacıların Katkı Oranı beyanı, varsa Destek ve Teşekkür Beyanı, Çatışma Beyanı verilmesi.
Etik Kurul izni gerektiren araştırmalar aşağıdaki gibidir.
- Anket, mülakat, odak grup çalışması, gözlem, deney, görüşme teknikleri kullanılarak katılımcılardan veri toplanmasını gerektiren nitel ya da nicel yaklaşımlarla yürütülen her türlü araştırmalar
- İnsan ve hayvanların (materyal/veriler dahil) deneysel ya da diğer bilimsel amaçlarla kullanılması,
- İnsanlar üzerinde yapılan klinik araştırmalar,
- Hayvanlar üzerinde yapılan araştırmalar,
- Kişisel verilerin korunması kanunu gereğince retrospektif çalışmalar,
Ayrıca;
- Olgu sunumlarında “Aydınlatılmış onam formu”nun alındığının belirtilmesi,
- Başkalarına ait ölçek, anket, fotoğrafların kullanımı için sahiplerinden izin alınması ve belirtilmesi,
- Kullanılan fikir ve sanat eserleri için telif hakları düzenlemelerine uyulduğunun belirtilmesi.



Makale başvurusunda;

(1) Tam metin makale, Dergi yazım kurallarına uygun olmalı, Makalenin ilk sayfasında ve teşekkür bilgi notu kısmında Araştırma ve Yayın Etiğine uyulduğuna ve Etik kurul izni gerektirmediğine dair ifadeye yer verilmelidir. Etik kurul izni gerektiren çalışmalarda, izinle ilgili bilgiler (kurul adı, tarih ve sayı no) yöntem bölümünde ve ayrıca makale ilk/son sayfasında yer verilmeli ve sisteme belgenin yüklenmesi gerekmektedir. (Dergiye gönderilen makalelerde; konu ile ilgili olarak derginin daha önceki sayılarında yayımlanan en az bir yayına atıf yapılması önem arz etmektedir. Dergiye yapılan atıflarda “Bursa Uludag Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg.” kısaltması kullanılmalıdır.)

(2) Tam metin makalenin taratıldığını gösteren benzerlik raporu (Ithenticate, intihal.net) (% 20’nin altında olmalıdır),

(3) İmzalanmış ve taratılmış başvuru formu, Dergi web sayfasında yer alan başvuru formunun başvuran tarafından İmzalanıp, taratılarak yüklenmesi , (Ön yazı yerine)

(4) Tüm yazarlar tarafından imzalanmış telif hakkı devir formunun taranmış kopyası,

(5) Araştırmacıların Katkı Oranı beyanı, Çıkar Çatışması beyanı verilmesi Makale sonunda; Araştırmacıların Katkı Oranı beyanı, varsa Destek ve Teşekkür Beyanı, Çatışma Beyanı verilmesi ve sisteme belgenin (Tüm yazarlar tarafından imzalanmış bir yazı) yüklenmesi gerekmektedir.

Belgelerin elektronik formatta DergiPark sistemine https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/login adresinden kayıt olunarak başvuru sırasında yüklenmesi mümkündür. 


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