Research Article
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Assesment of Ips typographus attacks in relation to site and stand characteristics in managed and unmanaged oriental spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link) stands

Year 2020, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 258 - 269, 15.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.17474/artvinofd.718302

Abstract

This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of management practices for reducing the negative impacts of Ips typographus L. on Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link.) forests, and to review the best site factor(s) associated with Ips typographus infestation. Two sites, Hatila Valley National Park (HVNP-unmanaged site) and Saçinka Forest Sub-District Directorate (SFSD-managed site) were chosen to compare the stand characteristics (mean age, height, bark thickness, basal area, stand density and tree diameter) and soil properties (pH, organic matter-OM, soil texture, and nutrients). At both sites, the sampling plots were taken from the north and south-slope aspects (NSA and SSA) and from upper and lower-slope positions (USP and LSP) on each site. In general, the results showed that in HVNP, Picea orientalis stands had higher stand age, bark thickness, basal area, and tree diameter, but lower soil pH, OM, nutrients, percent clay and silt content than those in SFSD. Among the stand characteristics, the stand age was positively correlated (r = 0.916) to the mortality rates in HVNP. Besides, Picea orientalis stands on SSA and at USP were more damaged than on NSA and at LSP. In conclusion, the results indicate that forest management practices including thinning, pruning, and cleaning can have a significant favorable influence on Picea orientalis forests to minimize the risk of Ips typographus attacks.

Supporting Institution

TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey)

Project Number

106O193

Thanks

This study was supported by TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) (PN:106O193).

References

  • Akkuzu E, Sariyildiz T, Kucuk M, Duman A (2009) Ips typographus (L.) and Thanasimus formicarius (L.) populations influenced by aspect and slope position in Artvin-Hatila valley national park, Turkey. Afr J Biotechnol 8(5):877–882
  • Allen SE (1989) Chemical Analysis of Ecological Materials. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
  • Becker T, Schröter H (2001) Die ausbreitung des borkenkäferbefalls im bereich von sturmwurf-sukzessionsflächen. Berichte Freiburger Forstliche Forschung, Baden– Württemberg.
  • Bleiker KP, Lindgren BS, Maclauchlan LE (2003) Characteristics of subalpine fir susceptible to attack by western balsam bark beetle (Coleopteran: Scolytidae). Can J For Res 33:1538-1543
  • Boerner RE (1984) Nutrient fluxes in litterfall and decomposition in four forests along a gradient of soil fertility in southern Ohio. Can J For Res 14:794-802
  • Can A (2018). Quantitative data analysis by scientific research process with SPSS (SPSS ile bilimsel Araştırma sürecince nicel very analizi). 6th eds. PEGEM Akademi, Ankara
  • Changsheng L, Jianfeng S, Yongfang X, Colin F, Houllier F (1998) Crown morphology of Norway spruce from usual tree measurements. J For Res 9(1):8-12
  • Christiansen E, Bakke A (1988) The spruce bark beetle of Eurasia. In: Dynamics of Forest Insect Populations. Ed. by Berryman, A.A., Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, 479-503.
  • Dolezal P, Sehnal F (2007) Effects of photoperiod and temperature on the development and diapause of the bark beetle Ips typographus. J Appl Entomol 131:165-173
  • Dutilleul P, Nef L, Frigon D (2000) Assessment of site characteristics as predictors of the vulnerability of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) stands to attack by Ips typographus L. (Col., Scolytidae). J Appl Entomo 124:1-5
  • Dymerski AD, Anhold JA, Munson AS (2001) Spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) outbreak in Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) in central Utah, 1986-1998. West N Am Nat 61:19-24
  • Ewald J (2005) Ecological background of crown condition, growth and nutritional status of Picea abies (L.) Karst in the Bavarian Alps. European J For Res 124:9–18
  • Fettig CJ, Klepzig KD, Billings RF, Munson AS, Nebeker TE, Negron JF, Nowak JT (2007) The effectiveness of vegetation management practices for prevention and control of bark beetle infestations in coniferous forests of the western and southern United States. For Ecol Manage 238:24-53
  • Franzmeier DP, Pederson EJ, Longwell TL, Byme JG, Losche CK (1969) Properties of some soils in the Cumberland Plateau as related to slope aspect and position. Soil Soc Am Proc 33:755-761
  • Grünwald M (1986) Ecological segregation of bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) of spruce. J Appl Entomol 101:176–187
  • Gülçur F (1974) Physical and chemical analyzing methods of soil properties. I.U. For. Faculty. Issue No: 201, İstanbul, Turkey.
  • Grodzki W, Loch J, Armatys P (2006) Occurrence of Ips typographus (L.) in wind-damaged Norway spruce stands of Kudłoń massif in the Gorce National Park. Ochrona Beskidów Zachodnich, (in Polish, English summary), 1:125-137
  • Hasenauer H, Monserud RA (1996) A crown ratio model for Austrian forests. For Ecol Manage 84:49-60
  • Hilszczanski J, Gibb H, Bystrowski C (2007) Insect natural enemies of Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) in managed and unmanaged stands of mixed lowland forest in Poland. J Pest Sci 80:99–107
  • Hutchins RB, Blevins RL, Hill JD, White EB (1976) Influence of soils and microclimate on vegetation of forested slopes in eastern Kentucky. Soil Sci 12l:234-241
  • Jactel H, Nicoll B.C, Branco M, Gonzales-Olabarria JR, Grodzki W, Långström B, Moreira F, Netherer S, Orazio C, Piou D, Santos H, Schelhaas MJ, Tojic K, Vodde F (2009) The influences of forest stand management on biotic and abiotic risks of damage. Annals of Forest Science, Springer Verlag/EDP Sciences, 66 (7), 4.
  • Jactel H, Branco M, Duncker P, Gardiner B, Grodzki W, Langstrom B, Moreira F, Netherer S, Nicoll B, Orazi C, Piou D, Schelhaas MJ, Tojic K (2012) A Multicriteria Risk Analysis to Evaluate Impacts of Forest Management Alternatives on Forest Health in Eur Ecol Society 17(4), 52.
  • Jakuš R., Edwards-Jonášová M, Cudlín P, Blaženec M, Ježík M, Havlíček F, Moravec I (2011a) Characteristics of Norway spruce trees (Picea abies) surviving a spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) outbreak. Trees 25:965–973
  • Jakuš R, Zajíčkova L, Cudlín P, Blaženec M, Turčani M, Ježík M, Lieutier F, Schlyter F (2011b) Landscape-scale Ips typographus attack dynamics: From monitoring plots to GIS-based disturbance models. iForest 4:256–261
  • Jenkins MJ, Hebertson EG, Munson AS (2014) Spruce Beetle Biology, Ecology and Management in the Rocky Mountains: An Addendum to Spruce Beetle in the Rockies. Forests 5(1):21-71
  • Kalra YP, Maynard DG (1991) Methods Manual for Forest Soil and Plant Analysis. Forestry Canada, Northern Forestry Publications. Alberta, Canada.
  • Kautz M, Schopf R, Ohser J (2013) The ‘‘sun-effect’’: microclimatic alterations predispose forest edges to bark beetle infestations. Eur J For Res 132:453–465
  • Keskinalemdar E, Alkan Ş, Aksu Y (1987). Artvin ilinde Ips typographus L. (Coleoptera:Scolytidae)’in Biyolojisi ve mücadelesi üzerine çalışmalar. Türkiye 1’inci Entomolojisi kogresi bildirileri, İzmir, 737-742.
  • Kutiel P (1992). Slope aspectt effect on soil and vegetation in a Mediterranean ecosystem. Israel Journal of Botany, 41, 243-250.
  • Larsson S, Oren R, Waring RH, Barrett JW (1983) Attacks of mountain pine beetle as related to tree vigor of ponderosa pine. For Sci 29:395-402
  • Lauscha A, Fahse L, Heurich M (2011) Factors affecting the spatio-temporal dispersion of Ips typographus (L.) in Bavarian Forest National Park: A long-term quantitative landscape-level analysis. For Ecol Manage 261:233-245
  • Losche EK, McCracken RJ, Davey CB (1970) Soils of steeply sloping landscapes in southern Appalachian Mountains. Soil Sci Soc Am 34:473-478.
  • Martikainen P, Siitonen J, Kaila L, Punttila P, Rauh J (1999) Bark beetles (coleoptera, Scolytidae) and associated beetle species in mature managed and old growth boreal forests in southern Finland. For Ecol Manage 116:233-245
  • Mezei P, Grodzki W, Blaženecac M, Škvareninad J, Brandýsovád V, Jakušac R (2014) Host and site factors affecting tree mortality caused by the spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) in mountainous conditions. For Ecol Manage 331:196– 207
  • Mopper S, Whitham TG, Price PW (1990) Plant phenotype and interspecific competition between insects determine sawfly performance and density. Ecology 71:2135-2144.
  • Mopper S, Whitham TG (1992) The plant stress paradox: effects on pinyon sawfly sex ratios and fecundity. Ecology 73:515-525
  • Netherer S, Nopp-Mayr U (2005) Predisposition assessment systems (PAS) as supportive tools in forest management – rating of site and stand-related hazards of bark beetle infestation in the High Tatra Mountains as an example for system application and verification. For Ecol Manage 207:99–107
  • OGM (2015) General Directorate of Forestry, Turkish Forest, Ankara. https://www.ogm.gov.tr/SitePages/OGM/OGMDefault.aspx
  • Overbeck M, Schmidt M (2012) Modelling infestation risk of Norway spruce by Ips typographus (L.) in the Lower Saxon Harz Mountains (Germany). For. Ecol. Manage. 266, 115–125.
  • Ozaki K, Fukuyama K, Maet K, Itoh K (1998) Density effects on the conifer mortality in declining spruce-fir forest in northern Japan: implication of bark beetle attack to, cause spruce decline. J For Res 3:231–235.
  • Peltonen M, HelioÈvaara K, VaÈisaÈnen R (1997) Forest insects and environmental variation in stand edges. Silva Fennica 31:129-141
  • Sariyildiz T, Anderson JM, Kucuk M (2005) Effects of tree species and topography on soil chemistry, litter quality and decomposition in Northeast Turkey. Soil Biol Biochem 37:1695-1706
  • Sariyildiz T, Akkuzu E, Küçük M, Duman A, Aksu Y (2008) Effects of Ips typographus (L.) damage on litter quality and decomposition rates of Oriental Spruce (Picea Orientalis (L.) Link.) in Hatila Valley National Park, Turkey. Eur J For Res 127:429-440.
  • Schowalter TD, Filip GM (1993) Beetle-Pathogen Interactions in Conifer Forests. Academic Press, London.
  • Schwenke W (1996) GrundzuÈge des Massenwechsels und der BekaÈmpfung des Groûen FichtenborkenkaÈfers, Ips typographus (L.) (Col. Scolytidae). Anz. SchaÈdlingskde., Pflanzenschutz. Umweltschutz 69:11-15
  • Seidl R, Baier P, Rammer W, Schopf A, Lexer MJ (2007) Simulating tree mortality from bark beetle infestation in Norway spruce forests. Ecol. Model. 206, 383–399.
  • Smith DM (1986) The practice of silviculture, 8th ed., Wiley, New York, NY.
  • Sohn JA, Gebhardt T, Ammer C, Bauhus J, Häberle KH, Matyssek R, Grams TEE (2013) Mitigation of drought by thinning: Short-term and long-term effects on growth and physiological performance of Norway spruce (Picea abies). For Ecol Manage 308:188-197
  • Sproull GJ, Adamus M, Bukowski M, Krzyżanowski T, Szewczyk J, Statwick J, Szwagrzyk J (2015) Tree and stand-level patterns and predictors of Norway spruce mortality caused by bark beetle infestation in the Tatra Mountains. For Ecol Manage 354:261–271
  • Väisänen R, BistroÈm O, HelioÈvaara K (1993) Sub-cortical Coleoptera in dead pines and spruces: is primeval species composition maintained in managed forests? Biodiversity Conserv 2:95-113
  • Valeria M, Coralie B, Petr D, Susanne K, Jan O, Christian S, Yoshan M (2016) How differential management strategies affect Ips typographus L. dispersal. For Ecol Manage 360:195–204
  • Wallin KF, Raffa KF (2004) Feedback between individual host selection behavior and population dynamics in an eruptive herbivore. Ecol Monographs 74:101-116
  • Wermelinger B (2004) Ecology and management of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus- a review of recent research. For Ecol Manage 202:67-82
  • Wermelinger B, Seifert M (1999) Temperature-dependent reproduction of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus, and analysis of the potential population growth. Ecol Entomol 24:103-110
  • Zausen GL, Kolb TE, Bailey JD, Wagner MR (2005) Long-term impacts of stand management on ponderosa pine physiology and bark beetle abundance in northern Arizona: a replicated landscape study. For Ecol Manage 218:291–305

İşletilen ve işletilmeyen doğu ladini (Picea orientalis (L.) Link) meşcerelerindeki Ips typhographus L. saldırılarının yetişme ortamı ve meşcere özelliklerine göre değerlendirilmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 258 - 269, 15.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.17474/artvinofd.718302

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Doğu Ladini (Picea orientalis (L.) Link.) ormanlarındaki Ips typographus (L.) saldırısının olumsuz etkilerini azaltmada ormancılık uygulama faaliyetlerinin etkisini ve Ips typographus’un saldırısıyla ilişkili en etkili yetişme ortamı faktörlerini belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Çalışma alanları olarak Hatila Vadisi Milli Parkı (HVNP-işletilmeyen) ve Saçinka Orman İşletme Şefliği (SFSD-işletilen) seçilmiş ve meşcere karakteristikleri (yaş, boy, kabuk kalınlığı, sıklık, çap, kapalılık) ile toprak özellikleri (pH, organik madde-OM, tekstür ve besin elementleri) karşılaştırılmıştır. Her iki çalışma alanında, deneme parselleri, kuzey ve güney yamaçlar ile bu yamaçların üst ve alt rakımlarından alınmıştır. Genel olarak sonuçlar, HVMP alanındaki Picea orientalis meşcerelerine ilişkin yaş, kabuk kalınlığı, göğüs yüzeyi ve çapın SFSD alanındaki meşcerelerden daha yüksek, toprak pH, OM, besin elementleri, yüzde kil ve toz miktarı bakımından ise daha düşük olduğunu göstermiştir. HVNP alanında, meşcere özelliklerinden meşcere yaşı ile ağaç ölüm oranları arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki (r = 0.916) belirlenmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak, güney bakan meşcereler ile üst rakımlardaki meşcerelerin, kuzey bakan ve alt rakımlardaki meşcerelere göre daha fazla Ips typographus saldırısına maruz kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bulgular, aralama, budama ve örtü temizliği gibi ormancılık işletme faaliyetlerinin, Ips typographus’un Picea orientalis ormanlarına saldırı riskini azaltmada pozitif yönde önemli bir etkiye sahip olabileceğini göstermektedir.

Project Number

106O193

References

  • Akkuzu E, Sariyildiz T, Kucuk M, Duman A (2009) Ips typographus (L.) and Thanasimus formicarius (L.) populations influenced by aspect and slope position in Artvin-Hatila valley national park, Turkey. Afr J Biotechnol 8(5):877–882
  • Allen SE (1989) Chemical Analysis of Ecological Materials. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
  • Becker T, Schröter H (2001) Die ausbreitung des borkenkäferbefalls im bereich von sturmwurf-sukzessionsflächen. Berichte Freiburger Forstliche Forschung, Baden– Württemberg.
  • Bleiker KP, Lindgren BS, Maclauchlan LE (2003) Characteristics of subalpine fir susceptible to attack by western balsam bark beetle (Coleopteran: Scolytidae). Can J For Res 33:1538-1543
  • Boerner RE (1984) Nutrient fluxes in litterfall and decomposition in four forests along a gradient of soil fertility in southern Ohio. Can J For Res 14:794-802
  • Can A (2018). Quantitative data analysis by scientific research process with SPSS (SPSS ile bilimsel Araştırma sürecince nicel very analizi). 6th eds. PEGEM Akademi, Ankara
  • Changsheng L, Jianfeng S, Yongfang X, Colin F, Houllier F (1998) Crown morphology of Norway spruce from usual tree measurements. J For Res 9(1):8-12
  • Christiansen E, Bakke A (1988) The spruce bark beetle of Eurasia. In: Dynamics of Forest Insect Populations. Ed. by Berryman, A.A., Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, 479-503.
  • Dolezal P, Sehnal F (2007) Effects of photoperiod and temperature on the development and diapause of the bark beetle Ips typographus. J Appl Entomol 131:165-173
  • Dutilleul P, Nef L, Frigon D (2000) Assessment of site characteristics as predictors of the vulnerability of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) stands to attack by Ips typographus L. (Col., Scolytidae). J Appl Entomo 124:1-5
  • Dymerski AD, Anhold JA, Munson AS (2001) Spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) outbreak in Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) in central Utah, 1986-1998. West N Am Nat 61:19-24
  • Ewald J (2005) Ecological background of crown condition, growth and nutritional status of Picea abies (L.) Karst in the Bavarian Alps. European J For Res 124:9–18
  • Fettig CJ, Klepzig KD, Billings RF, Munson AS, Nebeker TE, Negron JF, Nowak JT (2007) The effectiveness of vegetation management practices for prevention and control of bark beetle infestations in coniferous forests of the western and southern United States. For Ecol Manage 238:24-53
  • Franzmeier DP, Pederson EJ, Longwell TL, Byme JG, Losche CK (1969) Properties of some soils in the Cumberland Plateau as related to slope aspect and position. Soil Soc Am Proc 33:755-761
  • Grünwald M (1986) Ecological segregation of bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) of spruce. J Appl Entomol 101:176–187
  • Gülçur F (1974) Physical and chemical analyzing methods of soil properties. I.U. For. Faculty. Issue No: 201, İstanbul, Turkey.
  • Grodzki W, Loch J, Armatys P (2006) Occurrence of Ips typographus (L.) in wind-damaged Norway spruce stands of Kudłoń massif in the Gorce National Park. Ochrona Beskidów Zachodnich, (in Polish, English summary), 1:125-137
  • Hasenauer H, Monserud RA (1996) A crown ratio model for Austrian forests. For Ecol Manage 84:49-60
  • Hilszczanski J, Gibb H, Bystrowski C (2007) Insect natural enemies of Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) in managed and unmanaged stands of mixed lowland forest in Poland. J Pest Sci 80:99–107
  • Hutchins RB, Blevins RL, Hill JD, White EB (1976) Influence of soils and microclimate on vegetation of forested slopes in eastern Kentucky. Soil Sci 12l:234-241
  • Jactel H, Nicoll B.C, Branco M, Gonzales-Olabarria JR, Grodzki W, Långström B, Moreira F, Netherer S, Orazio C, Piou D, Santos H, Schelhaas MJ, Tojic K, Vodde F (2009) The influences of forest stand management on biotic and abiotic risks of damage. Annals of Forest Science, Springer Verlag/EDP Sciences, 66 (7), 4.
  • Jactel H, Branco M, Duncker P, Gardiner B, Grodzki W, Langstrom B, Moreira F, Netherer S, Nicoll B, Orazi C, Piou D, Schelhaas MJ, Tojic K (2012) A Multicriteria Risk Analysis to Evaluate Impacts of Forest Management Alternatives on Forest Health in Eur Ecol Society 17(4), 52.
  • Jakuš R., Edwards-Jonášová M, Cudlín P, Blaženec M, Ježík M, Havlíček F, Moravec I (2011a) Characteristics of Norway spruce trees (Picea abies) surviving a spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) outbreak. Trees 25:965–973
  • Jakuš R, Zajíčkova L, Cudlín P, Blaženec M, Turčani M, Ježík M, Lieutier F, Schlyter F (2011b) Landscape-scale Ips typographus attack dynamics: From monitoring plots to GIS-based disturbance models. iForest 4:256–261
  • Jenkins MJ, Hebertson EG, Munson AS (2014) Spruce Beetle Biology, Ecology and Management in the Rocky Mountains: An Addendum to Spruce Beetle in the Rockies. Forests 5(1):21-71
  • Kalra YP, Maynard DG (1991) Methods Manual for Forest Soil and Plant Analysis. Forestry Canada, Northern Forestry Publications. Alberta, Canada.
  • Kautz M, Schopf R, Ohser J (2013) The ‘‘sun-effect’’: microclimatic alterations predispose forest edges to bark beetle infestations. Eur J For Res 132:453–465
  • Keskinalemdar E, Alkan Ş, Aksu Y (1987). Artvin ilinde Ips typographus L. (Coleoptera:Scolytidae)’in Biyolojisi ve mücadelesi üzerine çalışmalar. Türkiye 1’inci Entomolojisi kogresi bildirileri, İzmir, 737-742.
  • Kutiel P (1992). Slope aspectt effect on soil and vegetation in a Mediterranean ecosystem. Israel Journal of Botany, 41, 243-250.
  • Larsson S, Oren R, Waring RH, Barrett JW (1983) Attacks of mountain pine beetle as related to tree vigor of ponderosa pine. For Sci 29:395-402
  • Lauscha A, Fahse L, Heurich M (2011) Factors affecting the spatio-temporal dispersion of Ips typographus (L.) in Bavarian Forest National Park: A long-term quantitative landscape-level analysis. For Ecol Manage 261:233-245
  • Losche EK, McCracken RJ, Davey CB (1970) Soils of steeply sloping landscapes in southern Appalachian Mountains. Soil Sci Soc Am 34:473-478.
  • Martikainen P, Siitonen J, Kaila L, Punttila P, Rauh J (1999) Bark beetles (coleoptera, Scolytidae) and associated beetle species in mature managed and old growth boreal forests in southern Finland. For Ecol Manage 116:233-245
  • Mezei P, Grodzki W, Blaženecac M, Škvareninad J, Brandýsovád V, Jakušac R (2014) Host and site factors affecting tree mortality caused by the spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) in mountainous conditions. For Ecol Manage 331:196– 207
  • Mopper S, Whitham TG, Price PW (1990) Plant phenotype and interspecific competition between insects determine sawfly performance and density. Ecology 71:2135-2144.
  • Mopper S, Whitham TG (1992) The plant stress paradox: effects on pinyon sawfly sex ratios and fecundity. Ecology 73:515-525
  • Netherer S, Nopp-Mayr U (2005) Predisposition assessment systems (PAS) as supportive tools in forest management – rating of site and stand-related hazards of bark beetle infestation in the High Tatra Mountains as an example for system application and verification. For Ecol Manage 207:99–107
  • OGM (2015) General Directorate of Forestry, Turkish Forest, Ankara. https://www.ogm.gov.tr/SitePages/OGM/OGMDefault.aspx
  • Overbeck M, Schmidt M (2012) Modelling infestation risk of Norway spruce by Ips typographus (L.) in the Lower Saxon Harz Mountains (Germany). For. Ecol. Manage. 266, 115–125.
  • Ozaki K, Fukuyama K, Maet K, Itoh K (1998) Density effects on the conifer mortality in declining spruce-fir forest in northern Japan: implication of bark beetle attack to, cause spruce decline. J For Res 3:231–235.
  • Peltonen M, HelioÈvaara K, VaÈisaÈnen R (1997) Forest insects and environmental variation in stand edges. Silva Fennica 31:129-141
  • Sariyildiz T, Anderson JM, Kucuk M (2005) Effects of tree species and topography on soil chemistry, litter quality and decomposition in Northeast Turkey. Soil Biol Biochem 37:1695-1706
  • Sariyildiz T, Akkuzu E, Küçük M, Duman A, Aksu Y (2008) Effects of Ips typographus (L.) damage on litter quality and decomposition rates of Oriental Spruce (Picea Orientalis (L.) Link.) in Hatila Valley National Park, Turkey. Eur J For Res 127:429-440.
  • Schowalter TD, Filip GM (1993) Beetle-Pathogen Interactions in Conifer Forests. Academic Press, London.
  • Schwenke W (1996) GrundzuÈge des Massenwechsels und der BekaÈmpfung des Groûen FichtenborkenkaÈfers, Ips typographus (L.) (Col. Scolytidae). Anz. SchaÈdlingskde., Pflanzenschutz. Umweltschutz 69:11-15
  • Seidl R, Baier P, Rammer W, Schopf A, Lexer MJ (2007) Simulating tree mortality from bark beetle infestation in Norway spruce forests. Ecol. Model. 206, 383–399.
  • Smith DM (1986) The practice of silviculture, 8th ed., Wiley, New York, NY.
  • Sohn JA, Gebhardt T, Ammer C, Bauhus J, Häberle KH, Matyssek R, Grams TEE (2013) Mitigation of drought by thinning: Short-term and long-term effects on growth and physiological performance of Norway spruce (Picea abies). For Ecol Manage 308:188-197
  • Sproull GJ, Adamus M, Bukowski M, Krzyżanowski T, Szewczyk J, Statwick J, Szwagrzyk J (2015) Tree and stand-level patterns and predictors of Norway spruce mortality caused by bark beetle infestation in the Tatra Mountains. For Ecol Manage 354:261–271
  • Väisänen R, BistroÈm O, HelioÈvaara K (1993) Sub-cortical Coleoptera in dead pines and spruces: is primeval species composition maintained in managed forests? Biodiversity Conserv 2:95-113
  • Valeria M, Coralie B, Petr D, Susanne K, Jan O, Christian S, Yoshan M (2016) How differential management strategies affect Ips typographus L. dispersal. For Ecol Manage 360:195–204
  • Wallin KF, Raffa KF (2004) Feedback between individual host selection behavior and population dynamics in an eruptive herbivore. Ecol Monographs 74:101-116
  • Wermelinger B (2004) Ecology and management of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus- a review of recent research. For Ecol Manage 202:67-82
  • Wermelinger B, Seifert M (1999) Temperature-dependent reproduction of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus, and analysis of the potential population growth. Ecol Entomol 24:103-110
  • Zausen GL, Kolb TE, Bailey JD, Wagner MR (2005) Long-term impacts of stand management on ponderosa pine physiology and bark beetle abundance in northern Arizona: a replicated landscape study. For Ecol Manage 218:291–305
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Forest Industry Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Temel Sarıyıldız 0000-0003-3451-3229

Ahmet Duman 0000-0003-2712-2676

Project Number 106O193
Publication Date September 15, 2020
Acceptance Date June 7, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020Volume: 21 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Sarıyıldız, T., & Duman, A. (2020). Assesment of Ips typographus attacks in relation to site and stand characteristics in managed and unmanaged oriental spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link) stands. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 258-269. https://doi.org/10.17474/artvinofd.718302
AMA Sarıyıldız T, Duman A. Assesment of Ips typographus attacks in relation to site and stand characteristics in managed and unmanaged oriental spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link) stands. ACUJFF. September 2020;21(2):258-269. doi:10.17474/artvinofd.718302
Chicago Sarıyıldız, Temel, and Ahmet Duman. “Assesment of Ips Typographus Attacks in Relation to Site and Stand Characteristics in Managed and Unmanaged Oriental Spruce (Picea Orientalis (L.) Link) Stands”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 21, no. 2 (September 2020): 258-69. https://doi.org/10.17474/artvinofd.718302.
EndNote Sarıyıldız T, Duman A (September 1, 2020) Assesment of Ips typographus attacks in relation to site and stand characteristics in managed and unmanaged oriental spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link) stands. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 21 2 258–269.
IEEE T. Sarıyıldız and A. Duman, “Assesment of Ips typographus attacks in relation to site and stand characteristics in managed and unmanaged oriental spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link) stands”, ACUJFF, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 258–269, 2020, doi: 10.17474/artvinofd.718302.
ISNAD Sarıyıldız, Temel - Duman, Ahmet. “Assesment of Ips Typographus Attacks in Relation to Site and Stand Characteristics in Managed and Unmanaged Oriental Spruce (Picea Orientalis (L.) Link) Stands”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 21/2 (September 2020), 258-269. https://doi.org/10.17474/artvinofd.718302.
JAMA Sarıyıldız T, Duman A. Assesment of Ips typographus attacks in relation to site and stand characteristics in managed and unmanaged oriental spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link) stands. ACUJFF. 2020;21:258–269.
MLA Sarıyıldız, Temel and Ahmet Duman. “Assesment of Ips Typographus Attacks in Relation to Site and Stand Characteristics in Managed and Unmanaged Oriental Spruce (Picea Orientalis (L.) Link) Stands”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 21, no. 2, 2020, pp. 258-69, doi:10.17474/artvinofd.718302.
Vancouver Sarıyıldız T, Duman A. Assesment of Ips typographus attacks in relation to site and stand characteristics in managed and unmanaged oriental spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link) stands. ACUJFF. 2020;21(2):258-69.
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